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Sökning: LAR1:umu > Mittuniversitetet

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1.
  • Abdipour, Morteza, et al. (författare)
  • A Design Research Lab—An Integrated Model to Identify Conscious and Unconscious Behavior in the Design Process
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Advances in Design for Inclusion. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319419619 - 9783319419626
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To understand how different design solutions affect users, designers traditionally use different evaluation methods that mainly rely on conscious feedback from the users. However, the complexity of human behaviour, where a large part is unconscious, point to a need for an extended tool box addressing the part not accessible to human conscious knowledge. Here, we describe a design research lab where traditional methods are complemented with tools to measure physiological signals influenced by emotional and sympathetic responses. These tools include galvanic skin response (GSR), electrocardiograph (ECG), and electroencephalograph (EEG). Typical sessions with acquired data of conscious and unconscious user reactions are described. The large body of data collected, which also require non-design expertise for interpretation, suggest that a further development towards simplified output data of the unconscious reactions is needed to allow wider use within industrial design work.
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2.
  • Ahlgren, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Struggle for time to teach. Teachers experiences of their work situation.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 40:Suppl 1, s. 111-118
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The objective of this study was to from a gender perspective, explore elementary school teacher' experiences of their work situation, and identify conditions that could be health risks. Participants: Eighteen female teachers who work in an elementary school in Northern Sweden. Method: Thematic interviews were conducted using an interview guide. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the transcribed text and interpretations were made within gender theory. Results: Four categories emerged: "Squeezed between dream and reality", "Effort to keep up with demands", "We can make it together" and "The school needs men's qualities". The categories were linked together with the theme "A struggle for time to teach". The theme describes the conflict between the teachers' ambitions to teach and create a stimulating learning environment versus the increased need for behaviour control that took time from classroom work. Beside work at the school, the teachers carried a large burden of domestic work.Conclusions: Teachers' work includes both endless demands and great joy. Their work is structured within the schools gender system in which caring duties are subordinated despite a growing demand for behaviour control. Traditional gender roles affect their domestic work load.
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3.
  • Ahlin, Karin, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Exploiting Information : Seeking Long-term Preservation of organisational knowledge
  • 2013
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Long-term preservation of organisational knowledge gives the business opportunities to reusestored knowledge. This preservation of knowledge is present both in the organisation as such,found explicitly in the organisational stock, and also in the individual workers, implicit intheir flow of action. Theoretically have the reuse of knowledge been named organisationalmemory and also been addressed in knowledge management. In a single case-study of amanufacturing company, the authors study the utilisation of product configuration information(PCI) and its role in meeting requirements on long-time preservation of product-relatedknowledge. This structured and standardised information is used throughout the organisation,serving as a base for both organisational and individual knowledge for the entire company.Since the information has been used in the same way for decades it is a part of theorganisation´s culture and influences structures and procedures connected to the informationbase. The result of the study implies that usage of PCI grants the individual worker a highdegree of task-related freedom as well as intra-organisational mobility. The downside for theindividuals is the long time period it takes to get familiar with PCI due to its complexity. Forthe organisation as such, PCI provides a stable stock of knowledge which is available overextended periods of time, drastically reducing dependence upon individual workers.
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4.
  • Ainegren, Mats, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Breathing resistance in heat and moisture exchanging devices
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P. - : Sage Publications. - 1754-3371. ; 236:2, s. 97-105
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this study was to investigate the resistance to breathing (RES) in heat and moisture exchanging devices (HME) intended for use during physical activity in the cold. RES was investigated for seventeen HMEs, including different types of filters. In addition, the influence of headwind on RES was tested using four representative HMEs. HMEs were mounted to the face of an artificial head manufactured from ABS plastic. The HMEs were connected to a mechanical lung simulator, which delivered standardised inspiratory and expiratory air flow rates (V⋅, L/s). The delta pressure (Δp, Pa) between ambient air and the air inside the HME was measured, whereupon RES was calculated. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in RES between HMEs from different manufacturers, while the difference was smaller, and in some cases not significant (p > 0.05), between different models/filters within the same brand. The results also showed that RES was highly influenced by different ventilations and headwind conditions. RES increased with increased V⋅ and, when a headwind was introduced, RES decreased during inspiration and increased during expiration. Calculations showed that the oxygen and energy cost for breathing through an HME was very small for most of the tested models. The effect of HME dead space on pulmonary gas fractions depends on the tidal volume. At large tidal volumes and ventilations, the effect of HMEs on pulmonary gas fractions becomes relatively small.
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5.
  • Almstedt, Åsa, 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • Beyond Post-productivism : From Rural Policy Discource to Rural Diversity
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: European Countryside. - Berlin : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1803-8417. ; 6:4, s. 297-306
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There has been a strong discourse in public policy aimed at transforming rural places from venues of primary production into truly diverse socioeconomic landscapes. Yet conceptualisations of the rural as envisioned in the policy and politics of the ‘new economy’ often prove to be elusive on the ground. However, post-productive activity in rural areas has become a major focus for rural studies scholars. This paper investigates the ideas of post-productivism in the existing literature, and argues for a holistic understanding of post-productivism as an idea and political ambition rather than an imperative and irreversible change of rural economic activity. The purpose of the study is to make clear the division between post-productivism and the related concepts of post-production and post-productive activities in order to better understand processes of rural change in relation to different geographical contexts. It is argued that post-productivism as a concept stands apart from de facto post-production and alternative concepts such as multifunctionality and should be regarded as part of broader regional development discourses. The paper outlines several important fields in which post-productivism is a necessary component for rural transformation and development. While it is not always easily captured in indicators or empirical studies in rural locations, post- productivism exists at the level of discourse and planning and thus has real effects on the ground. The paper concludes by offering suggestions on how to apply the concepts of post-productivism, post-production and multifunctionality in future studies. 
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6.
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7.
  • Andersson, Camilla, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Impacts of the Productive Safety Net Program in Ethiopia on livestock and tree holdings of rural households
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Development Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3878 .- 1872-6089. ; 94:1, s. 119-126
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We evaluated the impacts of the Ethiopian Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on rural households' holdings of livestock and forest assets/trees. We found no indication that participation in PSNP induces households to disinvest in livestock or trees. In fact, households that participated in the program increased the number of trees planted, but there was no increase in their livestock holdings. We found no strong evidence that the PSNP protects livestock in times of shock. Shocks appear to lead households to disinvest in livestock, but not in trees. Our results suggest that there is increased forestry activity as a result of PSNP, and that improved credit access encourages households to increase their livestock holdings.
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8.
  • Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al. (författare)
  • Incidence of asthma among workers exposed to sulfur dioxide and other irritant gases
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 27:4, s. 720-5.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the present study was to investigate whether repeated peak exposure (gassings) to sulphur dioxide (SO2) and other irritant gases increases the risk of new-onset asthma. A questionnaire was sent to 4,112 sulphite workers, of whom 1,919 completed the questionnaire and 396 completed the short-form questionnaire, which was sent out as a last reminder. A sample of 130 nonrespondents completed a telephone interview using the short-form questionnaire. The incidence of adult-onset, physician-diagnosed asthma during employment duration was analysed in relation to exposure to SO2 and gassings giving rise to respiratory symptoms. Incidence rates, as well as incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI), were calculated. Further Cox regression models were used allowing assessment of hazard ratios (HR) stratified for sex and adjusted for atopy, smoking habits and age. The incidence rate for asthma among sulphite mill workers reporting gassings of SO2 was 6.2 out of 1,000 person-yrs, compared with 1.9 out of 1,000 person-yrs among subjects unexposed to SO2 and any gassings (HR (95% CI) 4.0 (2.1-7.7)). Among males reporting gassings to SO2, the HR (95% CI) for asthma was 5.8 (2.6-13) compared with unexposed males. In conclusion, repeated peak exposure to sulphur dioxide increased the incidence of asthma during work in sulphite pulp mills, which supports the hypothesis of irritant-induced asthma.
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9.
  • Araghi, Marzieh, et al. (författare)
  • No association between moist oral snuff (snus) use and oral cancer : pooled analysis of nine prospective observational studies
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 49:8, s. 833-840
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: Worldwide, smokeless-tobacco use is a major risk factor for oral cancer. Evidence regarding the particular association between Swedish snus use and oral cancer is, however, less clear. We used pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use to assess the association between snus use and oral cancer.Methods: A total of 418,369 male participants from nine cohort studies were followed up for oral cancer incidence through linkage to health registers. We used shared frailty models with random effects at the study level, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for confounding factors.Results: During 9,201,647 person-years of observation, 628 men developed oral cancer. Compared to never-snus use, ever-snus use was not associated with oral cancer (adjusted HR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.09). There were no clear trends in risk with duration or intensity of snus use, although lower intensity use (<= 4 cans/week) was associated with a reduced risk (HR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.94). Snus use was not associated with oral cancer among never smokers (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.32).Conclusions: Swedish snus use does not appear to be implicated in the development of oral cancer in men.
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10.
  • Araghi, Marzieh, et al. (författare)
  • Smokeless tobacco (snus) use and colorectal cancer incidence and survival : Results from nine pooled cohorts
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 45:8, s. 741-748
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: Although smoking is considered to be an established risk factor for colorectal cancer, the current evidence on the association between smokeless tobacco and colorectal cancer is scant and inconclusive. We used pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use to assess this association.METHODS: A total of 417,872 male participants from nine cohort studies across Sweden were followed up for incidence of colorectal cancer and death. Outcomes were ascertained through linkage to health registers. We used shared frailty models with random effects at the study level to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS: During 7,135,504 person-years of observation, 4170 men developed colorectal cancer. There was no clear association between snus use and colorectal cancer overall. Exclusive current snus users, however, had an increased risk of rectal cancer (HR 1.40: 95% CI 1.09, 1.79). There were no statistically significant associations between snus use and either all-cause or colorectal cancer-specific mortality after colorectal cancer diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, from a large sample, do not support any strong relationships between snus use and colorectal cancer risk and survival among men. However, the observed increased risk of rectal cancer is noteworthy, and in merit of further attention.
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