| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bayat, Narges, et al.
(författare)
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Vascular toxicity of ultra-small TiO2 nanoparticles and single walled carbon nanotubes in vitro and in vivo
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-9612 .- 1878-5905. ; 63, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultra-small nanoparticles (USNPs) at 1-3 nm are a subset of nanoparticles (NPs) that exhibit intermediate physicochemical properties between molecular dispersions and larger NPs. Despite interest in their utilization in applications such as theranostics, limited data about their toxicity exist. Here the effect of TiO2-USNPs on endothelial cells in vitro, and zebrafish embryos in vivo, was studied and compared to larger TiO2-NPs (30 nm) and to single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). In vitro exposure showed that TiO2-USNPs were neither cytotoxic, nor had oxidative ability, nevertheless were genotoxic. In vivo experiment in early developing zebrafish embryos in water at high concentrations of TiO2-USNPs caused mortality possibly by acidifying the water and caused malformations in the form of pericardial edema when injected. Myo1C involved in glomerular development of zebrafish embryos was upregulated in embryos exposed to TiO2-USNPs. They also exhibited anti-angiogenic effects both in vitro and in vivo plus decreased nitric oxide concentration. The larger TiO2-NPs were genotoxic but not cytotoxic. SWCNTs were cytotoxic in vitro and had the highest oxidative ability. Neither of these NPs had significant effects in vivo. To our knowledge this is the first study evaluating the effects of TiO2-USNPs on vascular toxicity in vitro and in vivo and this strategy could unravel USNPs potential applications.
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| 3. |
- Carinelli, S., et al.
(författare)
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Yoctomole electrochemical genosensing of Ebola virus cDNA by rolling circle and circle to circle amplification
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biosensors & bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5663 .- 1873-4235. ; 93, s. 65-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work addresses the design of an Ebola diagnostic test involving a simple, rapid, specific and highly sensitive procedure based on isothermal amplification on magnetic particles with electrochemical readout. Ebola padlock probes were designed to detect a specific L-gene sequence present in the five most common Ebola species. Ebola cDNA was amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA) on magnetic particles. Further re-amplification was performed by circle-to-circle amplification (C2CA) and the products were detected in a double-tagging approach using a biotinylated capture probe for immobilization on magnetic particles and a readout probe for electrochemical detection by square-wave voltammetry on commercial screen-printed electrodes. The electrochemical genosensor was able to detect as low as 200 ymol, corresponding to 120 cDNA molecules of L-gene Ebola virus with a limit of detection of 33 cDNA molecules. The isothermal double-amplification procedure by C2CA combined with the electrochemical readout and the magnetic actuation enables the high sensitivity, resulting in a rapid, inexpensive, robust and user-friendly sensing strategy that offers a promising approach for the primary care in low resource settings, especially in less developed countries.
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| 4. |
- Dong, Yihui, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the small amount of proteins interacting with TiO2 nanotubes by AFM-measurement
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier. - 0142-9612 .- 1878-5905. ; 192, s. 368-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detecting the small amounts of proteins interacting effectively with the solid film electrodes surface still remains a challenge. To address this, in this work, a new approach was proposed by the combination of the adhesion forces and the molecular interaction measured with AFM. Cytochrome c (Cyt C) interacting effectively with TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) was chosen as a probe. The amounts of Cyt C molecules interacting effectively on TNAs surface (CTNA) range from 5.5×10-12 to 7.0×10-12 mol/cm2 (68.2-86.8 ng/cm2) and they are comparable with the values obtained by the electrochemistry method in the literature, in evidence of the accuracy of this AFM-based approach. The reliability of the proposed approach was further verified by conducting Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) measurements and estimating the enhancement factor (EF). This interaction-based AFM approach can be used to accurately obtain the small amounts of adsorbed substances on the solid film electrodes surface in the applications such as biosensors, biocatalysis, and drug delivery, etc.
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| 5. |
- Gustavsson, Fredrik, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoparticle based and sputtered WS2 low-friction coatings : differences and similarities with respect to friction mechanisms and tribofilm formation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 232, s. 616-626
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MoS2 and WS2 are widely known intrinsic low-friction materials that have been extensively used and thoroughly investigated in literature. They are commonly produced in the form of sputtered coatings and show extremely low friction coefficients in non-humid environments, but rapidly degrade in humid conditions. Close nested fullerene-like nanoparticles of these materials have been proposed to have better oxidation resistance due to their closed form with the absence of dangling bonds. In the present study, an electrochemically deposited coating consisting of fullerene-like nanoparticles of WS2 embedded in a Ni-P matrix is tested under various loads and humidity conditions and compared with a sputtered WS2 coating with respect to their tribological behavior. The formation of a tribofilm on both surfaces is known to be crucial for the low-friction mechanism of WS2 and the different mechanisms behind this formation for the two types of coatings are investigated. It is shown that despite the completely different transformation processes, the resulting tribofilms are very similar. This is analyzed thoroughly using SEM, AES and TEM. The friction coefficient is known to be lower at higher normal loads for these materials and in the present study the mechanical and chemical responses of the tribofilm to higher normal loads during sliding are investigated. It was observed that the basal planes become aligned more parallel to the surface at higher loads, and that the tribofilm is less oxidized. It is suggested that these mechanisms are connected and are crucial keys to the wear life of these materials. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Shen, Gulou, et al.
(författare)
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Developing Electrolyte Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory Density Functional Theory for CO2 Separation by Confined Ionic Liquids
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 122:27, s. 15464-15473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrolyte perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (ePC-SAFT) classical density functional theory (DFT) was developed to describe the behavior of pure ionic liquid (IL) and CO2/IL mixture confined in nanopores, in which a new ionic functional based on the ionic term from ePC-SAFT was proposed for electrostatic free-energy contribution. The developed model was verified by comparing the model prediction with molecular simulation results for ionic fluids, and the agreement shows that the model is reliable in representing the confined behavior of ionic fluids. The developed model was further used to study the behavior of pure IL and CO2/IL mixture in silica nanopores where the IL ions and CO2 were modeled as chains that consisted of spherical segments with the parameters taken from the bulk ePC-SAFT. The results reveal that the nanoconfinement can lead to an increased CO2 solubility, and the solubility increases with increasing pressure. The averaged density of pure IL and solubility of CO2 are strongly dependent on pore sizes and geometries. In addition, the choice of IL ions is very important for the CO2 solubility. Overall, the modeling results for silica-confined systems are consistent with available molecular simulation and experimental results.
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| 7. |
- Sun, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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Highly Porous Amorphous Calcium Phosphate for Drug Delivery and Bio-Medical Applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nanomaterials. - : MDPI. - 2079-4991. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) has shown significant effects on the biomineralization and promising applications in bio-medicine. However, the limited stability and porosity of ACP material restrict its practical applications. A storage stable highly porous ACP with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of over 400 m2/g was synthesized by introducing phosphoric acid to a methanol suspension containing amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles. Electron microscopy revealed that the porous ACP was constructed with aggregated ACP nanoparticles with dimensions of several nanometers. Large angle X-ray scattering revealed a short-range atomic order of <20 Å in the ACP nanoparticles. The synthesized ACP demonstrated long-term stability and did not crystallize even after storage for over 14 months in air. The stability of the ACP in water and an α-MEM cell culture medium were also examined. The stability of ACP could be tuned by adjusting its chemical composition. The ACP synthesized in this work was cytocompatible and acted as drug carriers for the bisphosphonate drug alendronate (AL) in vitro. AL-loaded ACP released 25% of the loaded AL in the first 22 days. These properties make ACP a promising candidate material for potential application in biomedical fields such as drug delivery and bone healing.
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| 8. |
- Yu, Xiaowen, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen Evolution Linked to Selective Oxidation of Glycerol over CoMoO4—A Theoretically Predicted Catalyst
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 12:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemical valorization of biomass waste (e.g., glycerol) for production of value-added products (such as formic acid) in parallel with hydrogen production holds great potential for developing renewable and clean energy sources. Here, a synergistic effort between theoretical calculations at the atomic level and experiments to predict and validate a promising oxide catalyst for the glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) are reported, providing a good example of designing novel, cost-effective, and highly efficient electrocatalysts for producing value-added products at the anode and high-purity hydrogen at the cathode. The predicted CoMoO4 catalyst is experimentally validated as a suitable catalyst for GOR and found to perform best among the investigated metal (Mn, Co, Ni) molybdate counterparts. The potential required to reach 10 mA cm−2 is 1.105 V at 60 °C in an electrolyte of 1.0 ᴍ KOH with 0.1 ᴍ glycerol, which is 314 mV lower than for oxygen evolution. The GOR reaction pathway and mechanism based on this CoMoO4 catalyst are revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography and in situ Raman analysis. The coupled quantitative analysis indicates that the CoMoO4 catalyst is highly active toward C—C cleavage, thus presenting a high selectivity (92%) and Faradaic efficiency (90%) for formate production.
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| 9. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Computational techniques for the analysis of small signals in high-statistics neutrino oscillation experiments
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current and upcoming generation of Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes - collecting unprecedented quantities of neutrino events - can be used to explore subtle effects in oscillation physics, such as (but not restricted to) the neutrino mass ordering. The sensitivity of an experiment to these effects can be estimated from Monte Carlo simulations. With the high number of events that will be collected, there is a trade-off between the computational expense of running such simulations and the inherent statistical uncertainty in the determined values. In such a scenario, it becomes impractical to produce and use adequately-sized sets of simulated events with traditional methods, such as Monte Carlo weighting. In this work we present a staged approach to the generation of expected distributions of observables in order to overcome these challenges. By combining multiple integration and smoothing techniques which address limited statistics from simulation it arrives at reliable analysis results using modest computational resources.
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| 10. |
- Anil, Athira, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of pore mesostructure on the electrooxidation of glycerol on Pt mesoporous catalysts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 11:31, s. 16570-16577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycerol is a renewable chemical that has become widely available and inexpensive due to the increased production of biodiesel. Noble metal materials have shown to be effective catalysts for the production of hydrogen and value-added products through the electrooxidation of glycerol. In this work we develop three platinum systems with distinct pore mesostructures, e.g., hierarchical pores (HP), cubic pores (CP) and linear pores (LP); all with high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). The ECSA-normalized GEOR catalytic activity of the systems follows HPC > LPC > CPC > commercial Pt/C. Regarding the oxidation products, we observe glyceric acid as the main three-carbon product (3C), with oxalic acids as the main two-carbon oxidation product. DFT-based theoretical calculations support the glyceraldehyde route going through tartronic acid towards oxalic acid and also help understanding why the dihydroxyacetone (DHA) route is active despite the absence of DHA amongst the observed oxidation products.
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