| 1. |
- Havenhand, Jonathan N., 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological and functional consequences of coastal ocean acidification : Perspectives from the Baltic-Skagerrak System
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:8, s. 831-854
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean temperatures are rising; species are shifting poleward, and pH is falling (ocean acidification, OA). We summarise current understanding of OA in the brackish Baltic-Skagerrak System, focussing on the direct, indirect and interactive effects of OA with other anthropogenic drivers on marine biogeochemistry, organisms and ecosystems. Substantial recent advances reveal a pattern of stronger responses (positive or negative) of species than ecosystems, more positive responses at lower trophic levels and strong indirect interactions in food-webs. Common emergent themes were as follows: OA drives planktonic systems toward the microbial loop, reducing energy transfer to zooplankton and fish; and nutrient/food availability ameliorates negative impacts of OA. We identify several key areas for further research, notably the need for OA-relevant biogeochemical and ecosystem models, and understanding the ecological and evolutionary capacity of Baltic-Skagerrak ecosystems to respond to OA and other anthropogenic drivers.
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| 2. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Unpacking corrections in mobile instruction : Error-occasioned learning opportunities in driving, cycling and aviation training
- 2017
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Ingår i: Linguistics and Education. - : Elsevier BV. - 0898-5898 .- 1873-1864. ; 38, s. 11-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article deals with the organisation of correction in mobile instructional settings. Five sets of video data (>250 h) documenting how learners were instructed to fly aeroplanes, drive cars and ride bicycles in real life traffic were examined to reveal some common features of correction exchanges. Through detailed multimodal analysis of participants’ actions, it is shown how instructors systematically elaborate their corrective instructions to include relevant information about the trouble and remedial action – a practice we refer to as unpacking corrections. It is proposed that the practice of unpacking the local particulars of corrections (i) provides for the instructional character of the interaction, and (ii) is highly sensitive to the relevant physical and mobile contingencies. These findings contribute to the existing literature on the interactional organisation of correction and mobility, as well as to ongoing work in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis on teaching and learning as members’ phenomena.
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| 3. |
- Stikvoort, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Thou shalt not sell nature : How taboo trade-offs can make us act pro-environmentally, to clear our conscience
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8009 .- 1873-6106. ; 129, s. 252-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many nature/natural areas are threatened by economic development and urban expansion. Oftentimes nature is not considered part of the cost/benefit analyses preceding such economic development, and most people find it offensive to price-tag nature. To pit (sacred) nature-values against other monetized values (these are so-called taboo trade-offs) is seen as morally offensive. Non-nature related taboo trade-offs (e.g. between life-saving and money-saving) were found elsewhere to induce moral cleansing attempts to reaffirm one's own moral position by performing overly moral 'cleansing' behaviour. This study investigated whether trade-offs between nature as sacred value and money as secular induces such moral cleansing in shape of pro-environmental behaviour (PEB). A laboratory experiment measured self-reported (hypothetical) and real donations to an environmental cause, after participants were presented with a taboo or non-taboo trade-off. Taboo trade-offs affected participants' real, but not hypothetical behaviour. Findings support prior evidence that confrontation with certain trade-offs affects people's behaviour, and expand the scope of sacred values to include nature, and moral cleansing behaviour to PEB.
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| 4. |
- Bastos Lima, Mairon G., et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale collective action to avoid an Amazon tipping point - key actors and interventions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-0490. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The destruction of the Amazon is a major global environmental issue, not only because of greenhouse gas emissions or direct impacts on biodiversity and livelihoods, but also due to the forest's role as a tipping element in the Earth System. With nearly a fifth of the Amazon already lost, there are already signs of an imminent forest dieback process that risks transforming much of the rainforest into a drier ecosystem, with climatic implications across the globe. There is a large body of literature on the underlying drivers of Amazon deforestation. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the behavioral and institutional microfoundations of change. Fundamental issues concerning cooperation, as well as the mechanisms facilitating or hampering such actions, can play a much more central role in attempts to unravel and address Amazon deforestation. We thus present the issue of preventing the Amazon biome from crossing a biophysical tipping point as a large-scale collective action problem. Drawing from collective action theory, we apply a novel analytical framework on Amazon conservation, identifying six variables that synthesize relevant collective action stressors and facilitators: information, accountability, harmony of interests, horizontal trust, knowledge about consequences, and sense of responsibility. Drawing upon literature and data, we assess Amazon deforestation and conservation through our heuristic lens, showing that while growing transparency has made information availability a collective action facilitator, lack of accountability, distrust among actors, and little sense of responsibility for halting deforestation remain key stressors. We finalize by discussing interventions that can help break the gridlock.
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| 5. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Snowden’s revelations and the attitudes of students at Swedish universities
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society. - 1477-996X .- 1758-8871. ; 15:3, s. 247-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – This study aims to map Swedish students’ attitudes towards Snowden’s revelations and their effects in the political and socio-cultural environment of Sweden.Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was answered by 190 Swedish university students. The quantitative responses to the survey and qualitative considerations of free text answers were statistically analysed.Findings – Swedish students had a high level of knowledge about the Snowden revelations; they actively searched for information, gave a positive judgement of Snowden’s actions and were willing to follow his example in Sweden, although not in the USA. They trusted their country and most of its institutions and authorities except for secret service agencies and the internet and computer software companies.Practical implications – This study could be used as a design of education for university students, especially in information technology programmes.Social implications – The study can be used for developing and applying policies on privacy, surveillance and whistle-blowing.Originality/value – This study is part of a bigger international study to map students’ attitudes towards Snowden’s revelations and their opinions about privacy, surveillance and whistle-blowing opening up for cross-cultural analyses.
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| 6. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, et al.
(författare)
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Tools and methods for security : Stimulating the skill to philosophize
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9780769550626 ; , s. 163-165
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finding optimal solutions to security issues is verydifficult or impossible. Conflicting interests and values decidewhat has to be done. Every thinkable answer contains both risksand possibilities. I our effort to find solutions we have always tonegotiate and make compromises. A dialectic process is necessaryin security in order to identify significant interests and values,and to formulate principles and policies. Handling security issuesand working for secure IT systems demand continuousadjustment to relevant values as well as the necessary personalskills and suitable group processes. Focusing on the method andmaking sure that the right way of proceeding has been adopted isthe way to get satisfactory answers to the problems of IT security.The philosophical method of deliberative thinking seems to be thebasis of such methods.
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| 7. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Judging the complexity of privacy, openness and loyalty issues
- 2015
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Ingår i: Computers & Society. - : ACM Digital Library. ; , s. 416-419
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Privacy protection and whistle-blowing are controversial issues. Privacy has to be protected but it hinders access to correct information. Whistle-blowing is necessary for correct decision-making, neutralizing wrong beliefs and preventing crime but it may destabilize groups, institutions and societies, and cause conicts. The question investigated here was whether people judging the controversial issues of privacy and whistle-blowing take a moralistic or a philosophical approach. The hypothesis was that homogeneous responses point to a philosophical approach whereas responses correlated with cultural background point to a moralistic approach. Participants' responses to a questionnaire on Manning and Snowden cases did not produce an unambiguous picture, and this result did not lead to a decisive answer to our hypothesis question.
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| 8. |
- Kanebrant, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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T-MASTER -- A tool for assessing students' reading abilities
- 2015
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Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Supported Education (CSEDU 2015),</em> Lisbon, Portugal. - : SciTePress. - 9789897581083 - 9789897581076 ; , s. 220-227
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present T-MASTER, a tool for assessing students’ reading skills on a variety of dimensions. T-MASTER uses sophisticated measures for assessing a student’s reading comprehension and vocabulary understanding. Texts are selected based on their difficulty using novel readability measures and tests are created based on the texts. The results are analyzed in T-MASTER, and the numerical results are mapped to textual descriptions that describe the student’s reading abilities on the dimensions being analysed. These results are presented to the teacher in a form that is easily comprehensible, and lends itself to inspection of each individual student’s results.
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| 9. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, 1956-
(författare)
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ICT and sustainability : skills and methods for dialogue and policy making
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1477-996X .- 1758-8871. ; 13:1, s. 13-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present an overview and to discuss the following issues: most often, discussions about Information and communication technology (ICT) sustainability focus on environmental issues; however, there are other aspects referring to ICT internal sustainability and to its role as a tool in managing general sustainability issues. The way to handle ICT sustainability issues is also significant.Design/methodology/approach: The paper discusses and investigates various aspects of ICT sustainability, and of methods to handle these issues and make decisions.Findings: Classical philosophy and psychological empirical research on decision-making demonstrate the way to take care of ICT sustainability issues. This way is philosophizing, which has to be trained and supported for people and organizations involved to acquire the necessary skills and to use suitable methods.Originality/value: The paper highlights other significant aspects of ICT sustainability rather than the environmental impact alone. It also proposes focus on the way ICT sustainability issues are handled rather than focus on normative or ideological aspects of it.
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| 10. |
- Asai, Ryoko
(författare)
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Social Media Supporting Democratic Dialogue
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ambiguous Technologies. - Lisbon : Autónoma University. ; , s. 36-43
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The term of “social media” appears in newspapers and magazines everyday and the huge number of people use social media actively in daily life. Nowadays, in the highly Information and Communication Technology (ICT) developed country Japan, Japanese people enroll in social media and evolve a new way of communicating with others based on the “virtual” social distance between them. Among social media, Twitter has been focusing on its strong power as the tool for political change recent years. While Twitter has of-expressed problems as well as the “traditional” social media, it is characterized by the limited number of characters, strong propagation and optional reciprocity. Those characteristics stimulate people’s communication online and bring about opportunities for social interaction and democratic dialogue. On the other hand, in the deluge of information, we need to nurture skills to utilize critical and rational way of thinking through dialogue not only between others also between themselves internally. This study explores characteristics of social media and differences between “traditional” social media and Twitter, and how the difference affects people’s information behavior in Japan.
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