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- Larsson, Lars-Gunnar, 1947-
(författare)
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Per Holmberger och sockenlapparnas språk
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När den ihreska handskriftssamlingen på Uppsala universitetsbibliotek katalogiserades i början av 1900-talet fann man en samisk uppteckning från 1770-talet som visade sig ha tillkommit utanför Gävle. Uppteckningen, som består av en rituell s.k. björnvisa och en omfattande ordlista, hade sammanställts av östgöten Per Holmberger (1745–1807). För att förklara hur samiskt språkmaterial kunnat samlas så långt söderut i Sverige har tidigare forskare antagit att Holmbergers sagesmän varit kringströvande, fattiga samer som förirrat sig bort från sina hemtrakter och man hävdade att deras språk var sydsamiska.I boken Per Holmberger och sockenlapparnas språk presenteras för första gången en utgåva av Holmbergers hela ordlista som sedan analyseras med tonvikt på språk och kultur. Ordlistans språk stämmer inte överens med någon enskild samisk språkform av idag utan företer drag från många skilda håll. Analysen av ordförrådet visar att sagesmännen var integrerade i den svenska bondbyn och att de funnits i trakten under lång tid. Den äldre förklaringen – att det rörde sig om kringströvande, förirrade samer – berodde av allt att döma på att svenska språket betraktades som det främsta kriteriet för svenskhet vid 1900-talets början. På Holmbergers tid var det däremot den lutherska religionen som visade vem som var svensk. Även samisktalande var goda svenskar.
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- Valijärvi, Riitta-Liisa, 1979-
(författare)
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A Corpus-Based Study on the Degrees of Lexicalization and Grammaticalization of Finnish Converbs
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study attempts to define the degrees of lexicalization and grammaticalization of the Finnish converbs ending in Ten, TUA, TessA, TAkse, mAllA and -mAttA. The study is based on a corpus of Finnish newspaper texts from the 1990s. The approach is fundamentally functional-typological and cognitive. The productive use of the six Finnish converbs is compared to their lexicalized and grammaticalized instances and to some less prototypical non-finite adverbial verb constructions. In this study lexicalization is seen as a process from transparent and productive, to opaque and unproductive. It also stands for the lexical strength of an item, i.e. how often an item or a co-occurrence of items is repeated in discourse. Grammaticalization, in contrast, is seen as a process from less grammatical to more grammatical. The more grammaticalized an item is, the more it resembles the most prototypical items in the target category. The types of lexicalized converb forms that this study focuses on are adverbs (e.g. yllättäen ‘suddenly, unexpectedly’) and phrasal adverbs (e.g. juurta jaksain ‘thoroughly, root and branch’); the types of grammaticalized converbs analyzed are adpositions (e.g. huolimatta ‘despite, notwithstanding’), conjunctions (e.g. olettaen että ‘supposing’) and sentence adverb markers (e.g. sanoen ‘saying’ in rehellisesti sanoen ‘frankly’). A three-way model is suggested to the degrees of lexicalization on the one hand, and the degrees of grammaticalization on the other. When determining the degrees of lexicalization and grammaticalization of individual items, their syntax, form, semantics and frequency are taken into consideration. The analysis consists of determining the weight of these criteria in each individual instance, exemplifying the productive and lexicalized/grammaticalized uses of the converb forms from the corpus, and providing frequency data on the various uses in the chosen corpus material.
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- Frändén, Märit, 1973-
(författare)
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"Att blotta vem jag är" : Släktnamnsskick och släktnamnsbyten hos samer i Sverige 1920–2009
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to describe surname patterns and changes of surname among the Sami of Sweden. It presents the results of three studies. The first is a survey of the present-day stock of surnames (family names) among the Sami community, based on the 2005 electoral register for the Swedish Sami Parliament. It investigates the proportions of names deriving from different languages, and the commonest names in each group. The same study was carried out for different areas, showing that the northernmost parts of Sweden have a Sami name stock significantly different from that of the majority population. Further south, the stock of names is less marked, but no area is without Sami elements.The second study, based on archival material, concerns changes of name by Swedish Sami to newly formed surnames, over the period 1920–2004. It examines not only the names adopted, but also the ones replaced; how the name stock has been affected by different patterns of name change; and, as far as possible, who the name changers were. The study shows that, for a long time, names derived from Sami and Finnish were replaced with names formed from Swedish. This may be largely because of the stigma once attached to Sami ethnicity. More recently, Sami-language names seem to have been retained to a greater extent, possibly owing to the improved status of the culture.The third study looks at name changes in favour of names marked as Sami in character. The data consist in part of archive materials, but above all of interviews with three Sami informants who have themselves adopted Sami-language surnames. This study presents the informants’ thoughts on ethnicity and changes of name.In addition to the author’s own studies, the thesis includes a review of earlier research on Sami surnames, hereditary and non-hereditary, and a list of individual surnames with literature references regarding their origins and meanings. In the thesis, name changes are studied as a single, overall process, with an emphasis on the role of names in society, in particular as ethnic markers.
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