| 1. |
- Egnell, Robert, et al.
(author)
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Afghanistans trettioåriga krig
- 2012. - 1
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In: Om krig och fred. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144075587 ; , s. 129-143
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Engelbrekt, Kjell, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Svensk säkerhetspolitik i omdaning
- 2010. - 1
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In: Svensk säkerhetspolitik i Europa och världen. - Stockholm : Norstedts Juridik AB. - 9789139110910 ; , s. 237-249
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Noreen, Erik, 1951-, et al.
(author)
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Why small states join big wars : The case of Sweden in Afghanistan 2002–2014
- 2017
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In: International Relations. - : SAGE Publications. - 0047-1178 .- 1741-2862. ; 31:2, s. 145-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The security behavior of small states has traditionally been explained by different takes of realism, liberalism, or constructivism – focusing on the behavior that aims toward safeguarding sovereignty or engaging in peace policies. The issue of why states with limited military capacities and little or no military alignments or engagements decide to participate in an international mission has received limited attention by previous research. In contrast, this article argues that a three-layered discursive model can make the choices of small states more precisely explained and thereby contribute to an increased understanding of small states’ security behavior beyond threat balancing and interdependence. Analyzing a deviant case of a non-aligned small state, this article explains why Sweden became increasingly involved in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in Afghanistan. By focusing on the domestic political discourses regarding the Swedish involvement in this mission, it is suggested that a narrative shapes public perception of a particular policy and establishes interpretative dominance of how a particular event should be understood. This dominant domestic discourse makes a certain international behavior possible and even impossible to alter once established. In the Swedish case, it is demonstrated that this discourse assumed a ‘catch-all’ ambition, satisfying both domestic and international demands. In general terms, it should thus be emphasized that certain discourses and narratives are required in order to make it possible for a country to participate in a mission such as ISAF and prolong the mission for several years.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ångström, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Adopting a Recipe for Success : Modern Armed Forces and the Institutionalization of the Principles of War
- 2012
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In: Comparative Strategy. - Philadelphia : Routledge. - 0149-5933 .- 1521-0448. ; 31:3, s. 263-285
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevailing explanation of the institutionalization of the principles of war is misleading. Although the introduction of the principles into Western doctrine coincided with total war and the need to train unprecedented numbers of soldiers and junior officers in tactics, the fact that the principles disappeared from doctrines immediately prior to and during the Second World War suggests that they were not institutionalized to meet an increased need to educate the military. Instead, we test two other explanations: one drawing on the principles’ military effectiveness and one drawing upon the principles’ explanatory power. We find that neither one of these hypotheses stand. Instead, we conclude by elaborating on how the institutionalization of the principles of war can be made understandable using non-rationalist frameworks, in particular the growth of a particular kind of identity of staff officers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. According to this framework, the two world wars interrupted—rather than promoted—the institutionalization of the principles, since the wars with their large death tolls and mass recruitment increased the difficulties of creating a separate and unique identity for the burgeoning corps of staff officers.
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| 8. |
- Ångström, Jan, 1970-
(author)
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Ideas and Norms on Future War and Warfare
- 2011
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In: Strategic Insights. - Monterey : Center for Contemporary Conflict, Naval Postgraduate School. - 1938-1670. ; 10:3, s. 36-48
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, I will develop a slightly different approach that instead assumes that the future is path-dependent. This approach allows for a greater impact of agency and can be easily summed up as what happens in 2030 depends upon what we do in 2029, and what happens in 2029 depends upon what we do in 2028, and so on. Agency thus becomes crucial for shaping the future. Moreover, rather than focusing on actions, in this paper, I will primarily focus on norms. Norms change only gradually and slowly and are therefore a more promising baseline than current actions. Specifically, I will focus on norms of political order: about what it means to govern and be governed, how we understand the relationship between the public and private, and the concepts of civil and military. This paper is structured as follows. First, I will briefly discuss current patterns in war and warfare to evaluate whether or not there are trends that can be discerned. This part of the paper is based on the second approach and it serves a springboard to begin to think differently about the future. Throughout the paper, I will use the trends as a point of departure. Second, I will begin with a discussion on what we already know about the future. In doing so, I will critically engage with the NIC documents Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World and Tomorrow’s Security Challenges: The Defence Implications of Emerging Global Trends. In short, my critique will stress the lack of attention given to ideational factors. Third, and finally, I will suggest ideationally driven scenarios and identify the challenges to such a development of war and warfare.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ångström, Jan, 1970-
(author)
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Mapping the Competing Historical Analogies of the War on Terrorism : The Bush Presidency
- 2011
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In: International Relations. - : SAGE Publications. - 0047-1178 .- 1741-2862. ; 25:2, s. 224-242
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article maps the historical analogies of the war on terrorism used by the Bush administration. It identifies four historical analogies of the war on terrorism present in the US political and academic discourse since the attacks on 11 September 2001. These are the war on terrorism as: (a) the Second World War; (b) the Crusades; (c) the Vietnam War; and (d) the Cold War. These analogies have been a constant presence in the US discourse, although the analogy with the Crusades has been more prominent in the academic discourse than in the political. There is, moreover, no conclusive pattern of when and how these analogies have been used, suggesting that we cannot use them to evaluate how well the war on terrorism is progressing. This also indicates that the Bush administration, with one exception, was not successful in framing the policy agenda in a certain direction regarding the war on terrorism. Understanding the war on terrorism as a new Cold War, for example, still implies different policy measures such as roll-back and containment.
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