| 1. |
- Albrecht, Frederike, et al.
(författare)
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Healing the Ozone Layer : The Montreal Protocol and the Lessons and Limits of a Global Governance Success Story
- 2019
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Ingår i: Great Policy Successes. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198843719 ; , s. 304-322
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Montreal Protocol—the regime designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer—has widely been hailed as the gold standard of global environmental governance and is one of few examples of international institutional cooperative arrangements successfully solving complex transnational problems. Although the stratospheric ozone layer still bears the impacts of ozone depleting substances (ODSs), the problem of ozone depletion is well on its way to being solved due to the protocol. This chapter examines how the protocol was designed and implemented in a way that has allowed it to successfully overcome a number of thorny challenges that most international environmental regimes must face: how to attract sufficient participation, how to promote compliance and manage non-compliance, how to strengthen commitments over time, how to neutralize or co-opt potential ‘veto players’, how to make the costs of implementation affordable, how to leverage public opinion in support of the regime’s goals, and, ultimately, how to promote the behavioural and policy changes needed to solve the problems and achieve the goals the regime was designed to solve. The chapter concludes that while some of the reasons for the Montreal Protocol’s success, such as fairly affordable, available substitutes for ODSs, are not easy to replicate, there are many other elements of this story that can be utilized when thinking about how to design solutions to other transnational environmental problems.
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| 2. |
- Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, et al.
(författare)
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An integrative research framework to unravel the interplay of natural hazards and vulnerabilities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Earth's Future. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2328-4277. ; 6:3, s. 305-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change, globalization, urbanization, social isolation, and increased interconnectednessbetween physical, human, and technological systems pose major challenges to disaster risk reduction(DRR). Subsequently, economic losses caused by natural hazards are increasing in many regions of theworld, despite scientific progress, persistent policy action, and international cooperation. We argue thatthese dramatic figures call for novel scientific approaches and new types of data collection to integratethe two main approaches that still dominate the science underpinning DRR: the hazard paradigm and thevulnerability paradigm. Building from these two approaches, here we propose a research framework thatspecifies the scope of enquiry, concepts, and general relations among phenomena. We then discuss theessential steps to advance systematic empirical research and evidence-based DRR policy action.
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| 3. |
- Galaz, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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Institutional and Political Leadership Dimensions of Cascading Ecological Crises
- 2011
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Ingår i: Public Administration. - : Wiley. - 0033-3298 .- 1467-9299. ; 89:2, s. 361-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While some of the future impacts of global environmental change such as some aspects of climate change can be projected and prepared for in advance, other effects are likely to surface as surprises - that is situations in which the behaviour in a system, or across systems, differs qualitatively from expectations. Here we analyse a set of institutional and political leadership challenges posed by 'cascading' ecological crises: abrupt ecological changes that propagate into societal crises that move through systems and spatial scales. We illustrate their underlying social and ecological drivers, and a range of institutional and political leadership challenges, which have been insufficiently elaborated by either crisis management researchers or institutional scholars. We conclude that even though these sorts of crises have parallels to other contingencies, there are a number of major differences resulting from the combination of a lack of early warnings, abrupt ecological change, and the mismatch between decision-making capabilities and the cross-scale dynamics of social-ecological change.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Christer, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Bortom Kyoto : vad vill EU? Vad kan EU?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Internationella Studier. - Stockholm : Utrikespolitiska institutet. - 0020-952X. ; :2, s. 4-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, Christer, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Unionens kamp för klimatet : en obekväm sanning
- 2008
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Ingår i: EU och den globala klimatfrågan. - Stockholm : Santérus Förlag. - 9789173590143 ; , s. 21-50, s. 21-50
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Disaster risk reduction and the limits of truisms : Improving the knowledge and practice interface
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4209. ; 67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Action toward strengthened disaster risk reduction (DRR) ideally builds from evidence-based policymaking to inform decisions and priorities. This is a guiding principle for the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), which outlines priorities for action to reduce disaster risk. However, some of these practical guidelines conceal oversimplified or unsubstantiated claims and assumptions, what we refer to as 'truisms', which, if not properly addressed, may jeopardize the long-term goal to reduce disaster risks. Thus far, much DRR research has focused on ways to bridge the gap between science and practice while devoting less attention to the premises that shape the understanding of DRR issues. In this article, written in the spirit of a perspective piece on the state of the DRR field, we utilize the SFDRR as an illustrative case to identify and interrogate ten selected truisms, from across the social and natural sciences, that have been prevalent in shaping DRR research and practice. The ten truisms concern forecasting, loss, conflict, migration, the local level, collaboration, social capital, prevention, policy change, and risk awareness. We discuss central claims associated with each truism, relate those claims to insights in recent DRR scholarship, and end with suggestions for developing the field through advances in conceptualization, measurement, and causal inference.
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| 7. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Managing Crises Collaboratively : Prospects and Problems - A Systematic Literature Review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Public Management and Governance. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 2398-4910 .- 2398-4929. ; 1:4, s. 257-271
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective interorganizational collaboration is a pivotal ingredient of any community or nation’s capacity to prepare for and bounce back from disruptive crisis events. The booming research field of collaborative public management (CPM) has been yielding important insights into such collaboration that as yet await transfer to the study of crisis management (CM). Also, we argue that the general CPM literature has not sufficiently addressed the distinctive collaboration challenges involved in coping with crises. This article bridges this twofold gap. Based on a systematic review of prior research in collaborative CM, this study identifies dominant areas of theoretical emphasis, methodological practices, and patterns of empirical enquiry. The article highlights areas where CPM research has potential to further inform the understanding of collaborative CM, including performance, success factors, managerial skills, and learning. The article then identifies five properties associated with CM—uncertainty, leadership, magnitude, costs, and urgency—which deserve further analysis to advance the understanding of the application of CPM principles and strategies. We conclude with outlining a research agenda and offering a set of testable propositions aimed at investigating the likelihood of effective collaboration in different types of crises and as expected indifferent CM paradigms.
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| 8. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The Public Policy Dimension of Resilience in Natural Disaster Management : Sweden’s Gudrun and Per Storms
- 2014
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Ingår i: Disaster and Development. - Switzerland : Springer. - 9783319044675 - 9783319044682 ; , s. 235-253
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter conducts an analysis of learning and policy change as a basis for building resilience to extreme events. Influenced by policy process theory and based on a comparative case-study of two storms in Sweden (Gudrun in 2005 and Per in 2007), the analysis poses three empirical questions: What policy beliefs changed as the result of storm Gudrun and did those changes result in any revision of policy programs? Did the observed changes positively impact the response to storm Per? And, what factors may shed light on the processes of policy change and implementation that took place in between these events? The concluding section discusses the importance of policy process analysis and the conditions related to institutionalizing experience as a basis for resilience.
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| 9. |
- Parker, Charles F., 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Blindsided? September 11 and the Origins of Strategic Surprise
- 2002
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Ingår i: Political Psychology. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0162-895X .- 1467-9221. ; 23:3, s. 601-630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The devastating terror attacks of 11 September 2001 have often been characterized as a “bolt from the blue.” Drawing inspiration from the political psychological literature on strategic surprise, this article poses the deceptively simple question of why so many U.S. policymakers were caught so woefully off guard last year. Through a preliminary empirical exploration of three broad explanatory “cuts” derived from the relevant interdisciplinary literature—psychological, bureau–organizational, and agenda–political—the authors seek to shed light on the sources of failure that may have contributed to 9/11 and point to promising avenues of investigation for future research as the available empirical record becomes more complete.
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| 10. |
- Parker, Charles F., 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Bolt from the Blue or Avoidable Failure? Revisiting September 11 and the Origins of Strategic Surprise
- 2005
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Ingår i: Foreign Policy Analysis. - Malden : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1743-8586 .- 1743-8594. ; 1:3, s. 301-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on the strategic surprise, warning-response, and foreign policy literature, this article argues that the September 11 terror attacks should be regarded as a strategic surprise and examines a number of key factors that contributed to vulnerability and inhibited vigilance. Three broad explanatory ‘‘cuts’’ derived from the literature—psychological, bureau-organizational, and agenda-political—are deployed to sift through the rapidly expanding empirical record in an effort to shed light on the processes and contextual factors that left the United States vulnerable to the attacks. The article aims to improve our understanding of generic processes and practices that enhance or detract from vulnerability and vigilance.
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