| 1. |
- Andersen, Jens Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Price revisited : on the growth of dissertations in eight research fields
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 88:2, s. 371-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the production of dissertations in eight research fields in the natural sciences, the social sciences and the humanities. In using doctoral dissertations it builds on De Solla Prices seminal study which used PhD dissertations as one of several indicators of scientific growth (Price, Little science, big science, 1963). Data from the ProQuest: Dissertations and Theses database covering the years 1950-2007 are used to depict historical trends, and the Gompertz function was used for analysing the data. A decline in the growth of dissertations can be seen in all fields in the mid-eighties and several fields show only a modest growth during the entire period. The growth profiles of specific disciplines could not be explained by traditional dichotomies such as pure/applied or soft/hard, but rather it seems that the age of the discipline appears to be an important factor. Thus, it is obvious that the growth of dissertations must be explained using several factors emerging both inside and outside academia. Consequently, we propose that the output of dissertations can be used as an indicator of growth, especially in fields like the humanities, where journal or article counts are less applicable.
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| 2. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Accountability in context : Effects of research evaluation systems on publication practices, disciplinary norms and individual working routines in the faculty of Arts at Uppsala University
- 2015
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Ingår i: Research Evaluation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0958-2029 .- 1471-5449. ; 24:1, s. 63-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the increased role of bibliometric measures in research evaluation, it is striking that studies of actual changes in research practice are rare. Most studies and comments on ’a metric culture’ in academia focus on the ideological and political level, and there is a clear shortage of empirical studies that analyze how researchers handle demands for accountability in context. In adopting a mixed methods approach involving both bibliometric data and answers form questionnaires we provide an in-depth study of how researchers at the faculty of Arts at Uppsala University (Sweden) respond to the implementation of performance based research evaluation systems. Publication patterns from 2006-2013 show that journal publications, especially English-language ones, is increasing, and the proportion of peer-reviewed publications has doubled. These changes are in line with the incentives of the evaluation systems under study. Answers to the survey confirm that scholars are conscious about this development and several respondents articulate a disagreement between disciplinary norms and external demands. However, disciplinary background as well as career stage or academic age appears to have a significant influence on how individual researchers react to the instigation of evaluation systems. Finally, responses to national and local evaluation regimes are complex, localized and dependent on many factors. In-depth contextualized studies of research practices are needed in order to understand how performance based funding systems influence academic research on the ground.
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| 3. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn
(författare)
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An examination of the possibilities that altmetric methods offer in the case of the humanities
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ISSI 2013 – 14<sup>th</sup> International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics. - 9783200031357 ; , s. 721-727
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advantages of altmetrics — the diversity of dissemination channels analysed, the speed of getting data, the openness of methods, and the ability to measure impact beyond the ‘scholarly realm’— could be seen as especially promising for fields that currently are difficult to study using established bibliometric methods and data sources. This paper reviews the benefits of using altmetric methods to analyse the impact of research in the humanities and tests some of the most common altmetric tools on a small sample of publications and authors. The findings indicate that many of the problems identified in research on the use of bibliometrics on the humanities are also relevant for altmetric approaches. The importance of non-journal publications, the reliance on print as well the limited availability of open access publishers are characteristics that hinder altmetric analysis. However, this study provides only a few examples and further studies are needed in order to examine the possibilities that altmetric methods offer.
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| 4. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn
(författare)
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Citation analysis on the micro-level : The example of Walter Benjamin's Illuminations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Society For Information Science And Technology. - : Wiley. - 1532-2882 .- 1532-2890. ; 62:5, s. 819-830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article employs citation analysis on a micro level- the level of the cited document; in this case, Walter Benjamin's Illuminations (1968/2007). The study shows how this frequently cited publication-more than 4,000 citations in Web of Science-has been received. The growth of citations and interdisciplinary citing is studied, and a novel approach-page citation analysis-is applied to study how different parts of Illuminations have been cited. The article demonstrates how bibliometric methods can be used together with qualitative accounts to map the impact and dissemination of a particular publication. Furthermore, it shows how bibliometric methods can be utilized to study intellectual structures in the humanities, and highlights the influence of the humanities on the social sciences and sciences.
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| 5. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn, 1980-
(författare)
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Following the Footnotes : A Bibliometric Analysis of Citation Patterns in Literary Studies
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis provides an in-depth study of the possibilities of applying bibliometric methods to the research field of literary studies. The four articles that constitute the backbone of this thesis focus on different aspects of references and citations in literary studies: from the use of references in the text to citation patterns among 34 literature journals. The analysis covers both an Anglo-Saxon context as well as research in Swedish literary studies, and the materials used include Web of Science data, references in the Swedish literature journal TFL (Tidskrift för Litteraturvetenskap) and applications to the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet). A study is also made of the influence of one single publication—Walter Benjamin’s Illuminations—and its impact in literary studies and in wider academia.The results from the four articles are elaborated upon using a theoretical framework that focuses on differences in the social and intellectual organization of research fields. According to these theories literary studies can be described as a fragmented, heterogenic, interdisciplinary and ‘rural’ field with a diverse audience. The fragmented and rural organization of the field is reflected in low citation frequencies as well as in the difficulties in discerning research specialities in co-citation mappings, while the analysis of the intellectual base (highly cited authors) is an example of the heterogenic and interdisciplinary character of the field, as it includes authors from many fields across the humanities and the social sciences.The thesis emphasizes that bibliometric studies of research fields in the humanities need to incorporate non-English and non-journal publications in order to produce valid and fair results. Moreover, bibliometric methods must be modified in accordance with the organization of research in a particular field, and differences in referencing practices and citation patterns ought to be considered. Consequently, it is advised that bibliometric measures for evaluating research in these fields should, if used at all, be applied with great caution.
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| 6. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn
(författare)
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Harvesting footnotes in a rural field : Citation patterns in Swedish literary studies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Documentation. - : Emerald. - 0022-0418 .- 1758-7379. ; 68:4, s. 536-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The aim of this article is to study a locally-oriented and book-based research field usingtwo Swedish language sources. Knowledge about citation patterns outside journal-based, Englishlanguage databases is scarce; thus a substantial part of research in the humanities and the socialsciences is neglected in bibliometric studies.Design/methodology/approach – Citation characteristics (publication type, language, gender andage) in the journal Tidskrift fo¨ r Litteraturvetenskap (2000-2009) and in grant applications (2006-2009)are studied. The datasets are analyzed further, adopting an author-co-citation approach for depictingand comparing the “intellectual base” of the field.Findings – It is shown that monographs and anthologies are the main publication channel inSwedish literary research. English, followed by Swedish, is the major language, and the gender ofauthors seems to influence citation practices. Furthermore, a common intellectual base of literarystudies that is independent of publication type and language could be identified.Practical implications – Bibliometric analysis of fields within the humanities needs to go beyondestablished databases and materials. The extensive use of recent English language monographs inSwedish literary studies informs the acquisition policy of university libraries serving literaturescholars.Originality/value – Citation analysis of non-English sources offers further knowledge aboutscholarly fields with a local and “rural” profile. The approach of using references in grant applicationsprovides a novel and promising venue for bibliometric research.
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| 7. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn
(författare)
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Interdisciplinarity and the intellectual base of literature studies : citation analysis of highly cited monographs
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 86:3, s. 705-725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article studies interdisciplinarity and the intellectual base of 34 literature journals using citation data from Web of Science. Data from two time periods, 1978-1987 and 1998-2007 were compared to reveal changes in the interdisciplinary citing of monographs. The study extends the analysis to non-source publications; using the classification of monographs to show changes in the intellectual base. There is support for increased interdisciplinary citing of sources, especially to the social sciences, and changes in the intellectual base reflect this. The results are explained using theories on the intellectual and social organization of scientific fields and the use of bibliometric methods on the humanities is discussed. The article demonstrates how citation analysis can provide insights into the communication patterns and intellectual structure of scholarly fields in the arts and humanities.
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| 8. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the humanities :
- 2011
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Ingår i: The 13th conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Vol 2.. ; , s. 993-995
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn
(författare)
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Using altmetrics for assessing research impact in the humanities
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Akademiai Kiado Rt.. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 101:2, s. 1419-1430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prospects of altmetrics are especially encouraging for research fields in the humanities that currently are difficult to study using established bibliometric methods. Yet, little is known about the altmetric impact of research fields in the humanities. Consequently, this paper analyses the altmetric coverage and impact of humanities-oriented articles and books published by Swedish universities during 2012. Some of the most common altmetric sources are examined using a sample of 310 journal articles and 54 books. Mendeley has the highest coverage of journal articles (61 %) followed by Twitter (21 %) while very few of the publications are mentioned in blogs or on Facebook. Books, on the other hand, are quite often tweeted while both Mendeley’s and the novel data source Library Thing’s coverage is low. Many of the problems of applying bibliometrics to the humanities are also relevant for altmetric approaches; the importance of non-journal publications, the reliance on print as well the limited coverage of non-English language publications. However, the continuing development and diversification of methods suggests that altmetrics could evolve into a valuable tool for assessing research in the humanities.
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| 10. |
- Leydesdorff, Loet, et al.
(författare)
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The structure of the Arts & Humanities Citation Index : A mapping on the basis of aggregated citations among 1,157 journals
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Society For Information Science And Technology. - : Wiley. - 1532-2882 .- 1532-2890. ; 62:12, s. 2414-2426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) 2008, we apply mapping techniques previously developed for mapping journal structures in the Science and Social Sciences Citation Indices. Citation relations among the 110,718 records were aggregated at the level of 1,157 journals specific to the A&HCI, and the journal structures are questioned on whether a cognitive structure can be reconstructed and visualized. Both cosine-normalization (bottom up) and factor analysis (top down) suggest a division into approximately 12 subsets. The relations among these subsets are explored using various visualization techniques. However, we were not able to retrieve this structure using the Institute for Scientific Information Subject Categories, including the 25 categories that are specific to the A&HCI. We discuss options for validation such as against the categories of the Humanities Indicators of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the panel structure of the European Reference Index for the Humanities, and compare our results with the curriculum organization of the Humanities Section of the College of Letters and Sciences of the University of California at Los Angeles as an example of institutional organization.
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