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- Boustedt, Jonas
(författare)
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Students working with a large software system : experiences and understandings
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This monograph describes an empirical study with the overall aim of producing insights about how students experience the subject Computer Science and its learning environments, particularly programming and software engineering.The research takes a start in the students' world, from their perspective, using their stories, and hence, we have chosen a phenomenographic approach for our research. By interpreting the students' descriptions and experiences of various phenomena and situations, it is possible to gain knowledge about which different conceptions students can have and how teaching and the learning environment affect their understanding. In this study, we focus specifically on students' conceptions of aspects of object-oriented programming and their experiences of problem solving situations in connection with object-oriented system development.The questions posed enlighten and focus on the students' conceptions of both tangible and abstract concepts; the study investigates how students experienced a task concerning development in a specific software system, how they conceived the system itself, and how the students describe the system's plugin modules. Academic education in programming deals with abstract concepts, such as interfaces in the programming language Java. Hence, one of the questions in this study is how students describe that specific abstract concept, in a context where they are conducting a realistic software engineering task.The results show that there is a distinct variation of descriptions, spanning from a concrete to-do list, to a more advanced description where the interface plays a crucial role in order to produce dynamic and adaptive systems. The discussion interprets the results and suggests how we can use them in teaching to provide an extended and varied understanding, where the educational goal is to provide for and strengthen the conditions for students to be able to learn how to develop and understand advanced software.
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- Holmgren, Hanna
(författare)
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Towards accurate modeling of moving contact lines
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present thesis treats the numerical simulation of immiscible incompressible two-phase flows with moving contact lines. The conventional Navier–Stokes equations combined with a no-slip boundary condition leads to a non-integrable stress singularity at the contact line. The singularity in the model can be avoided by allowing the contact line to slip. Implementing slip conditions in an accurate way is not straight-forward and different regularization techniques exist where ad-hoc procedures are common. This thesis presents the first steps in developing the macroscopic part of an accurate multiscale model for a moving contact line problem in two space dimensions. It is assumed that a micro model has been used to determine a relation between the contact angle and the contact line velocity. An intermediate region is introduced where an analytical expression for the velocity field exists, assuming the solid wall is perfectly flat. This expression is used to implement boundary conditions for the moving contact line, at the macroscopic scale, along a fictitious boundary located a small distance away from the physical boundary. Model problems where the shape of the interface is constant throughout the simulation are introduced. For these problems, experiments show that the errors in the resulting contact line velocities converge with the grid size h at a rate of convergence p ≈ 2. Further, an analytical expression for the velocity field in the intermediate region for the case with a curved solid wall is derived. The derivation is based on perturbation analysis.
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- Thunander Sundbom, Lena, 1970-
(författare)
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The influence of gender and psychological distress on adherence to prescribed medication
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The lack of adherence to drug therapy is a major problem; it can contribute to significant deterioration of disease and increased health-care costs. Improving medication adherence is a big challenge; there is no simple solution to the problem. It is thus essential to improve our knowledge of non-adherence (NA) and its causes.Aims: The aims of the thesis were to study the influence of gender and psychological distress on self-reported, intentional and unintentional non-adherent behaviour, and to investigate the reasons for NA.Methods: A population-based study that included a postal questionnaire was carried out in a cross-section of the general Swedish population (n=7,985, aged 18-84 years). The response rate was 61.1% (n=4,875) and current prescription drug use was reported by 2,802 participants. The questionnaire covered use of prescription drugs, NA to the drug regimens, reasons for NA, economic status, attitudes to drugs, and the presence of somatic or mental problems, and also included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire.Results: The results showed differences in various self-reported non-adherent behaviour patterns and reasons for NA between the genders. In most cases, these remained after controlling for confounders such as socioeconomic factors and attitudes to drugs that are known to differ between women and men. Associations were also found between symptoms of anxiety and/or depression and the presence of intentional or unintentional non-adherent behaviour (with a stronger average association for intentional NA), and between anxiety/depression and some of the reasons given for NA, e.g. adverse drug reactions (ADRs).Conclusions: Although it was not possible to confirm causal relationships, this thesis emphasises the effects of gender and psychological distress on NA. In summary, both gender and anxiety and/or depression influenced non-adherent behaviour and the reasons given for NA. For instance, ADRs seemed to influence the decision not to take the drug as prescribed, especially among women and participants under psychological distress. It is suggested that a deep understanding of the causes of NA and of the impact of gender and psychological distress on the outcomes would help those aiming to improve adherence to prescribed medication.
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- Walldén Hillström, Kristina, 1976-
(författare)
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I samspel med surfplattor : Om barns digitala kompetenser och tillträde till digitala aktiviteter i förskolan
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores how children and teachers interact with tablet computers in everyday activities in preschool. The study focuses on how teachers organise the digital activities, how children make sense of institutional frameworks when interacting with their peers in these activities and how children access and organise their participation in digital activities. Of particular interest are the digital competencies displayed by children as they participate in digital activities with teachers and their peers.The empirical data was collected during an eight-month video ethnographic study of children between the ages of three and five at a Swedish preschool. The video recordings and field notes were collected during participant observations and analysed using an ethnomethodological approach to conversation analysis. Detailed attention was given to embodied features of interaction, which was critical for the analysis. In terms of findings, the thesis shows that when participating in collaborative interaction with tablet computers the children also oriented themselves towards - and renegotiated - the institutional conditions they found themselves in. The children´s digital competencies were demonstrated by the way they dealt with the technology and navigated and solved problems in the applications they used. The children were found to have developed access strategies for their participation in digital activities. The children also oriented themselves to socially expected ways of participating in the activities. The results also show that the digital competencies required by children in digital activities are dependent on the collective work of the participants in these activities. This study demonstrates the importance of studying children's digital competencies in relation to how they use digital technologies in specific social contexts, and that the introduction of tablet computers in a preschool context involves complex interactional work for teachers and children alike.
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- Wistrand, Anna, 1971-
(författare)
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Mellan närhet och distans : Lärar-elevrelationen som kunskapsinnehåll i grundlärarutbildning
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis takes its point of departure in a relational perspective on education, which means that the relationship between teacher and student is seen as fundamental for students’ knowledge- and personal development. The aim is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the teacher-student relationship in teacher education at national and local levels and the different meanings of closeness in this context. The theoretical basis of the study is curriculum theory-based didactics, where questions about knowledge content and teaching as offering meaning are central. The thesis consists of three separate studies. The first investigates closeness in the teacher-student relationship by means of a thematic conceptual analysis of the field of research in educational science on teacher-student relationships. Four different dimensions of closeness were identified: closeness as presence, closeness as care, closeness as feeling and closeness as responsibility. The results show a nuanced way of understanding closeness in the teacher-student relationship and that closeness is challenging for teachers in that it makes their relational work more complex.The central question in curriculum theory - ‘What opportunities do students have to learn about the teacher-student relationship in teacher education?’ - is used as the point of departure in the analysis of educational policy documents at national and local levels. The second study investigates content knowledge at the national level and shows a limited and simplified view of the relationship between teacher and student. By using the dimensions of closeness as analytical tools, a multifaceted teacher-student relationship is constructed as an alternative meaning offering. In the third study, eleven Swedish universities participated in the study of curriculum documents at the local level. The analysis showed three types of knowledge content: relational theory, relational work and relational quality. In this study, the local documents together provided a broad range of knowledge content, but individually a reduced and simplified knowledge content. The study also confirmed the differences between universities in their teacher education programmes and that there are often discrepancies in the knowledge content that is offered.The thesis as a whole contributes to a nuanced understanding of closeness in the teacher-student relationship and provides a set of theoretical tools that can be used in an analysis of different types of research studies. It also indicates that the policy documents relating to teacher education at the national and local levels contain simplified and limited notions about the teacher-student relationship and teachers’ relational work as knowledge content. This restricted knowledge content could limit student teachers’ abilities to create, build and maintain good and close teacher-student relationships and to address the relational challenges in their complex relational work.
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