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| 2. |
- Alsharari, Zayed, et al.
(författare)
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Association between carbohydrate intake and fatty acids in the de novo lipogenic pathway in serum phospholipids and adipose tissue in a population of Swedish men
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 59:5, s. 2089-2097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Fatty acid composition in blood and adipose tissue (AT) is a useful biomarker of dietary fat quality. However, circulating saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) have been proposed to also reflect carbohydrate-induced de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity. We aimed to test the hypothesis that high carbohydrate intake is related to SFA and MUFA in serum or AT in a Swedish population. Methods Fatty acid composition was measured in serum phospholipids (PL) and AT by gas chromatography in 63-year-old men (n = 299). Carbohydrate and alcohol intake was assessed (validated 7-day food records) in relation to total SFA, 16:0 (palmitate), 16:1 (palmitoleate), and estimated SCD activity (16:1n-7/16:0-ratio) in serum PL and in AT, respectively. Results Total carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with 16:0 in PL (P = 0.005), independently of BMI. Disaccharides were non-linearly (restricted cubic splines) and weakly associated with 16:1 and SCD activity in PL (nonlinear trend,P <= 0.02) but not AT. Carbohydrate intake and SCD expression were not associated (P >= 0.08,n = 81). Alcohol intake was, however, linearly associated with 16:0 in PL (P < 0.001), and with 16:1 (P < 0.001) and SCD activity (P <= 0.005) in both PL and AT. Conclusions Higher carbohydrate intake from sugar-rich foods or beverages was not clearly reflected by higher SFA or SCD activity in serum PL or AT. Alcohol was, however, associated with higher SFA and MUFA.
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| 4. |
- Alsharari, Zayed, et al.
(författare)
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Serum Fatty Acids, Desaturase Activities and Abdominal Obesity - A Population-Based Study of 60-Year Old Men and Women
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abdominal obesity is a key contributor of metabolic disease. Recent trials suggest that dietary fat quality affects abdominal fat content, where palmitic acid and linoleic acid influence abdominal obesity differently, while effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are less studied. Also, fatty acid desaturation may be altered in abdominal obesity. We aimed to investigate cross-sectional associations of serum fatty acids and desaturases with abdominal obesity prevalence in a population-based cohort study. Serum cholesteryl ester fatty acids composition was measured by gas chromatography in 60-year old men (n = 1883) and women (n = 2015). Cross-sectional associations of fatty acids with abdominal obesity prevalence and anthropometric measures (e.g., sagittal abdominal diameter) were evaluated in multivariable-adjusted logistic and linear regression models, respectively. Similar models were employed to investigate relations between desaturase activities (estimated by fatty acid ratios) and abdominal obesity. In logistic regression analyses, palmitic acid, stearoyl-CoA- desaturase and Delta 6-desaturase indices were associated with abdominal obesity; multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for highest versus lowest quartiles were 1.45 (1.19-1.76), 4.06 (3.27-5.05), and 3.07 (2.51-3.75), respectively. Linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, docohexaenoic acid, and Delta 5-desaturase were inversely associated with abdominal obesity; multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals): 0.39 (0.32-0.48), 0.74 (0.61-0.89), 0.76 (0.62-0.93), and 0.40 (0.33-0.49), respectively. Eicosapentaenoic acid was not associated with abdominal obesity. Similar results were obtained from linear regression models evaluating associations with different anthropometric measures. Sex-specific and linear associations were mainly observed for n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, while associations of the other exposures were generally non-linear and similar across sexes. In accordance with findings from short-term trials, abdominal obesity was more common among individuals with relatively high proportions of palmitic acid, whilst the contrary was true for linoleic acid. Further trials should examine the potential role of linoleic acid and its main dietary source, vegetable oils, in abdominal obesity prevention.
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| 5. |
- Arpegard, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Cystatin C Predicts Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Twins
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 5:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background - Cystatin C is associated with both renal function and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We have previously shown a genetic correlation between cystatin C and prevalent ASCVD. The objective of this article is to study whether variation in cystatin C or creatinine predicts incident ASCVD when controlled for genetic factors.Methods and Results - The predictive value of cystatin C and creatinine for incident ASCVD was studied in 11 402 Swedish twins, free of CVD at baseline, in an adjusted Cox-regression model during a median follow-up of 71 months. Twin pairs discordant for incident stroke, myocardial infarction and ASCVD during follow-up were identified and within-pair comparisons regarding cystatin C and creatinine levels were performed. We also investigated whether contact frequency and degree of shared environment influences were associated with similarity in cystatin C levels. In univariate analysis, cystatin C predicted incident ASCVD hazard ratio 1.57, 95% CI 1.47-1.67. When adjusted for traditional Framingham risk factors as covariates, cystatin C remained a predictor of incident stroke hazard ratio 1.45, 95% CI (1.25-1.70), ASCVD hazard ratio 1.26, 95% CI (1.13-1.41), and myocardial infarction hazard ratio 1.16, 95% CI (1.01-1.33). In twins discordant for incident stroke, cystatin C at baseline was higher in the twin who experienced a stroke compared to the healthy co-twin (1.11 +/- 0.3 mg/L versus 1.06 +/- 0.3 mg/L), whereas creatinine was lower in the twin who developed CVD compared to their healthy co-twins (76.1 +/- 16.9 mu mol/L versus 79.4 +/- 20.3 mu mol/L).Conclusions - Variation in cystatin C relates to incident ASCVD and to stroke when adjusted for genetic confounding. In identical twins, cystatin C may be a sensitive marker of early hypertensive end-organ damage and small-vessel disease, whereas creatinine level may reflect nutritional status. The findings in disease-discordant monozygotic twins indicate that unique, possibly preventable, environmental factors are important.
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- Bennet, Anna M., et al.
(författare)
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Decreased risk for myocardial infarction and lower tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in carriers of variants of the PDCD1 gene
- 2006
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Ingår i: Human Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0198-8859 .- 1879-1166. ; 67:9, s. 700-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing interest has been directed toward the inflammatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI). In the search for genetic mechanisms underlying these inflammatory components, we studied variants of programmed cell death-1 (PDCD1), an immunoinhibitory receptor that inhibits lymphocyte activation and cytokine production, previously shown to be associated with several autoimmune disorders. The PD1.1, PD1.3, and PD1.6 polymorphisms of the PDCD1 gene were typed in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program, a population-based clinical material consisting of 1179 first-time MI case patients and 1528 unaffected control subjects. Individual alleles and haplotypes were studied for association with levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein and risk for MI. We observed a weak protective effect of PD1.3A allele for MI (odds ratio: 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.61-0.98). We also observed decreased levels of TNF-alpha in carriers of the PD1.1A/PD1.3G/PD1.6A haplotype, which is consistent with our previous observation that this haplotype may be protective from autoimmune conditions. Carriers of variants of the PDCD1 gene exhibit a decreased risk for nonfatal myocardial infarction, and PDCD1 mediates variation in TNF-alpha levels.
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| 7. |
- Bennet, Anna M, et al.
(författare)
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The risk of myocardial infarction is enhanced by a synergistic interaction between serum insulin and smoking.
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 147:5, s. 641-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between levels of serum insulin, the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) as factors related to myocardial infarction (MI) risk, and their interaction with lifestyle-related risk factors. DESIGN: The Stockholm epidemiology programme (SHEEP), a case-control study, consisting of 749 first-time MI cases (510 men, 239 women) and 1101 healthy controls (705 men, 396 women) was used. METHODS: The risk of developing MI was assessed by calculating odds ratios (OR) and synergistic interactions (SI) between serum insulin, IGFBP-1, HOMA and other variables related to MI risk (including smoking) in men and women. RESULTS: Subjects with elevated levels of insulin and HOMA (>75th percentile) had increased MI risks when compared with individuals with low levels. ORs for elevated insulin and HOMA (adjusted for age and residential area) for men: insulin 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-2.1) and HOMA 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-1.9) and for women: insulin 2.1 (95% CI 1.5-2.9) and HOMA 1.9 (95% CI 1.3-2.8). Women with low levels of IGFBP-1 (<10th percentile) showed a tendency towards elevated MI risk even if this was not statistically significant (OR 1.5 (95% CI 0.9-2.6)). Smokers with high levels of serum insulin had greatly increased MI risk (OR for men: 4.7 (95% CI 3.0-7.2) and OR for women: 8.1 (95% CI 4.5-14.8)). SI scores based upon these interactions were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These results might have preventive cardiovascular implications as they clearly suggest that subjects with insulin resistance are particularly susceptible to the hazards of smoking.
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- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 9. |
- Berndt, Sonja I., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Axel C., et al.
(författare)
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Financial stress in late adulthood and diverse risks of incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in women and men
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Financial stress may have adverse health effects. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether having a cash margin and living alone or cohabiting is associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Methods: Representative population-based prospective cohort study of 60-year-old women (n = 2065) and men (n = 1939) in Stockholm County, Sweden. National registers were used to identify cases of incident CVD (n = 375) and all-cause mortality (n = 385). The presence of a cash margin was determined in the questionnaire with the following question: Would you, if an unexpected situation occurred, be able to raise 10 000 SEK within a week? (This was equivalent to US$ 1250 in 1998). Results: Compared with cohabiting women with a cash margin, the risk of all-cause mortality was higher among cohabiting women without a cash margin, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.97 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-3.66). Using cohabiting men with cash margin as referent, single men without a cash margin were at an increased risk of both incident CVD and all-cause mortality: HR 2.84 (95% CI 1.61-4.99) and 2.78 (95% CI 1.69-4.56), respectively. Single men with cash margins still had an increased risk of all-cause mortality when compared with cohabiting men with a cash margin: HR 1.67 (95% CI 1.22-2.28). Conclusions: Financial stress may increase the risks of incident CVD and all-cause mortality, especially among men. Furthermore these risks are likely to be greater in men living in single households and in women without cash margins. Living with a partner seems to protect men, but not women, from ill-health associated with financial stress due to the lack of a cash margin.
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