| 1. |
- Abbas, Qaisar, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Stability of the MUSCL Scheme
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proc. 7th South African Conference on Computational and Applied Mechanics. - Berlin : South African Association for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. ; , s. 65:1-8, s. 61-68
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Abbas, Qaisar, 1975-
(författare)
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Weak Boundary and Interface Procedures for Wave and Flow Problems
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, we have analyzed the accuracy and stability aspects of weak boundary and interface conditions (WBCs) for high order finite difference methods on Summations-By-Parts (SBP) form. The numerical technique has been applied to wave propagation and flow problems.The advantage of WBCs over strong boundary conditions is that stability of the numerical scheme can be proven. The boundary procedures in the advection-diffusion equation for a boundary layer problem is analyzed. By performing Navier-Stokes calculations, it is shown that most of the conclusions from the model problem carries over to the fully nonlinear case.The work was complemented to include the new idea of using WBCs on multiple grid points in a region, where the data is known, instead of at a single point. It was shown that we can achieve high accuracy, an increased rate of convergence to steady-state and non-reflecting boundary conditions by using this approach.Using the SBP technique and WBCs, we have worked out how to construct conservative and energy stable hybrid schemes for shocks using two different approaches. In the first method, we combine a high order finite difference scheme with a second order MUSCL scheme. In the second method, a procedure to locally change the order of accuracy of the finite difference schemes is developed. The main purpose is to obtain a higher order accurate scheme in smooth regions and a low order non-oscillatory scheme in the vicinity of shocks.Furthermore, we have analyzed the energy stability of the MUSCL scheme, by reformulating the scheme in the framework of SBP and artificial dissipation operators. It was found that many of the standard slope limiters in the MUSCL scheme do not lead to a negative semi-definite dissipation matrix, as required to get pointwise stability.Finally, high order simulations of shock diffracting over a convex wall with two facets were performed. The numerical study is done for a range of Reynolds numbers. By monitoring the velocities at the solid wall, it was shown that the computations were resolved in the boundary layer. Schlieren images from the computational results were obtained which displayed new interesting flow features.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Abramsson, Marianne, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Bostadsmarknad och bostadsformer för andra halvan av livet
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Äldres boende - forskningsperspektiv i Norden. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144075952 ; , s. 155-168
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna antologi diskuteras äldres boendeförhållanden utifrån ett samhälls- och individperspektiv. Äldres boende inkluderar såväl kvarboende i vanliga bostäder som boende i bostäder särskilt avsedda för äldre.I boken behandlas fysiska och sociala aspekter på boendet, äldres bostadsmarknad och boendepreferenser. De olika kapitlen exemplifierar olika sätt att studera äldre och deras boendesituation och visar på den variation av områden inom vilka forskning om äldres boende bedrivs.Tillsammans ger de en bred bild av äldres boendesituation och lyfter fram de frågor som särskilt berör äldre, alltifrån de friska och mer rörliga äldre med stora valmöjligheter till de multisjuka äldre som lever längre med sina sjukdomar.Denna heterogenitet ställer stora krav på äldres bostäder och boendemiljöer.Antologin är avsedd att utgöra ett underlag för kurser om äldres boende ur ett samhällsvetenskapligt perspektiv. Den vänder sig också till aktörer i kommunal produktion av bostäder och omsorg samt andra med intresse för äldres bostadsfrågor.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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Aided Communication in Everyday Interaction
- 2013
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book argues for the importance of the participants' perspective within both theory and practice on the function of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) aids in everyday talk-in-interaction. Interactional approaches such as Conversation Analysis (CA) and Topical episode analysis are used to analyze and demonstrate the way participants make sense and display their understanding of AAC-mediated action. The book documents various practices and methods of the everyday use of AAC which can be applied clinically when establishing evidence-based assessment and intervention procedures. The book aims to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice, analyzes and explains the use of AAC aids, uses video recordings and transcriptions of naturally occurring, everyday talk-in-interacton, and demonstrates how the communicative context of the user's home is a powerful environment for learning and developing AAC use.
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| 8. |
- Alffenaar, J. W. C., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical standards for the dosing and management of TB drugs
- 2022
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - Paris, France : International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - 1027-3719 .- 1815-7920. ; 26:6, s. 483-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Optimal drug dosing is important to ensure adequate response to treatment, prevent development of drug resistance and reduce drug toxicity. The aim of these clinical standards is to provide guidance on 'best practice' for dosing and management of TB drugs.Methods: A panel of 57 global experts in the fields of microbiology, pharmacology and TB care were identified; 51 participated in a Delphi process. A 5-point Likert scale was used to score draft standards. The final document represents the broad consensus and was approved by all participants.Results: Six clinical standards were defined: Standard 1, defining the most appropriate initial dose for TB treatment; Standard 2, identifying patients who may be at risk of sub-optimal drug exposure; Standard 3, identifying patients at risk of developing drug-related toxicity and how best to manage this risk; Standard 4, identifying patients who can benefit from therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM); Standard 5, highlighting education and counselling that should be provided to people initiating TB treatment; and Standard 6, providing essential education for healthcare professionals. In addition, consensus research priorities were identified.Conclusion: This is the first consensus-based Clinical Standards for the dosing and management of TB drugs to guide clinicians and programme managers in planning and implementation of locally appropriate measures for optimal person-centred treatment to improve patient care.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Alm, Albert, et al.
(författare)
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Uveoscleral outflow - A review
- 2009
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Ingår i: EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4835 .- 1096-0007. ; 88:4, s. 760-768
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The uveoscleral outflow route was described more than 40 years ago. Part of aqueous leaves the eye through the iris root. The ciliary muscle, and there are large species differences in the fraction of aqueous outflow that leaves the eye through this route. In non-human primates 40-50% of aqueous leaves the eye by the uveoscleral route. In human eyes most data has been collected by indirect calculations, with results suggesting a similar fraction, at least in eyes from younger individuals. An age-dependent reduction in uveoscleral flow in human eyes may explain the initial difference seen between non-human primate and human eyes. Unlike trabecular outflow, intraocular pressures within the normal range have little effect on uveoscleral outflow. This may be explained by the fact that changes in intraocular pressure have little effect on the pressure gradient for flow through the ciliary muscle, which is likely to be the rate-limiting step in uveoscleral outflow. The state of the ciliary muscle is important and contraction reduces while relaxation increases uveoscleral flow. Similar effects are achieved with cholinergic agonists and antagonists. Epinephrine increases uveoscleral flow, most likely through stimulating beta(2)-adrenergic receptors. Prostaglandin F-2 alpha and prostaglandin F-2 alpha-analogues effectively reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral flow. This is mediated by structural changes in the extracellular matrix of the ciliary muscle, and is likely to contribute to a valuable excess route for aqueous and proteins during intraocular inflammation. Whether uveoscleral flow plays a significant role in any other eye disease is not clear. Thus, 40 years later we are able to successfully increase aqueous flow through the uveoscleral route, a valuable contribution to glaucoma treatment, but we still have only a limited understanding on its physiological role.
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