| 1. |
- Ahmadi, Zainab, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking and home oxygen therapy : a review and consensus statement from a multidisciplinary Swedish taskforce
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Review. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0905-9180 .- 1600-0617. ; 33:171
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Home oxygen therapy (HOT) improves survival in patients with hypoxaemic chronic respiratory disease. Most patients evaluated for HOT are former or active smokers. Oxygen accelerates combustion and smoking may increase the risk of burn injuries and fire hazards; therefore, it is considered a contraindication for HOT in many countries. However, there is variability in the practices and policies regarding this matter. This multidisciplinary Swedish taskforce aimed to review the potential benefits and risks of smoking in relation to HOT, including medical, practical, legal and ethical considerations.Methods: The taskforce of the Swedish Respiratory Society comprises 15 members across respiratory medicine, nursing, medical law and ethics. HOT effectiveness and adverse risks related to smoking, as well as practical, legal and ethical considerations, were reviewed, resulting in five general questions and four PICO (population–intervention–comparator–outcome) questions. The strength of each recommendation was rated according to the GRADE (grading of recommendation assessment, development and evaluation) methodology.Results: General questions about the practical, legal and ethical aspects of HOT were discussed and summarised in the document. The PICO questions resulted in recommendations about assessment, management and follow-up of smoking when considering HOT, if HOT should be offered to people that meet the eligibility criteria but who continue to smoke, if a specific length of time of smoking cessation should be considered before assessing eligibility for HOT, and identification of areas for further research.Conclusions: Multiple factors need to be considered in the benefit/risk evaluation of HOT in active smokers. A systematic approach is suggested to guide healthcare professionals in evaluating HOT in relation to smoking.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Automated telephone interventions for problematic alcohol use in clinical and population samples : a randomized controlled trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Research Notes. - : BioMed Central. - 1756-0500. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The primary objective was to evaluate 6-month outcomes for brief and extensive automated telephony interventions targeting problematic alcohol use, in comparison to an assessment-only control group. The secondary objective was to compare levels of problematic alcohol use (hazardous, harmful or probable dependence), gender and age among study participants from clinical psychiatric and addiction outpatient settings and from population-based telephone helpline users and Internet help-seeker samples. Results The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used for screening of problematic alcohol use and 6-month follow-up assessment. A total of 248 of help-seekers with at least hazardous use (AUDIT scores of ≥ 6/≥ 8 for women/men) were recruited from clinical and general population settings. Minor recruitment group differences were identified with respect to AUDIT scores and age at baseline. One hundred and sixty persons (64.5%) did not complete the follow-up assessment. The attrition group had a higher proportion of probable dependence (71% vs. 56%; p = 0.025), and higher scores on the total AUDIT, and its subscales for alcohol consumption and alcohol problems. At follow up, within-group problem levels had declined across all three groups, but there were no significant between-group differences. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01958359, Registered October 9, 2013. Retrospectively registered
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Anna, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Being questioned as parents: : An interview studywith Swedish commissioning parents usingtransnational surrogacy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-6618. ; 8, s. 23-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study sought to explore how Swedish parents who had commissioned surrogacy abroad experienced the process ofparenthood recognition. The study consisted of in-depth interviews with five couples and 10 individuals representing 10 additionalcouples who had used surrogacy abroad, mainly in India. The construction of motherhood and fatherhood in the Swedish systemcontradicts how parenthood is defined in the surrogacy process. This study found that the formal recognition of parenthood involved acomplex and frustrating process where the presumption of fatherhood and step-child adoption as grounds for parenthood makepeople feel questioned as parents, negatively affecting parental welfare. Policy makers need to take into account the consequencesof an unregulated situation regarding surrogacy, and focus more on the child–parent relationship when regulating surrogacy.
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Gauging the interests of birth mother and child : a qualitative study of Swedish social workers’ experiences of transnational gestational surrogacy
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 21:1, s. 86-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Avvägningar mellan den biologiska moderns och barnets intressen: En kvalitativ studie av svenska familjerättsekreterares erfarenheter av transnationellt surrogatmoderskapDet finns få studier om hur socialarbetare handlägger ärenden som berör transnationellt surrogatmoderskap. Vår studie har för avsikt att bidra till att fylla detta tomrum. I Sverige är det inte tillåtet för sjukvården att utföra assisterad befruktning vid surrogatmoderskap. Detta har gjort att människor vänt sig utomlands för denna reproduktionsmetod, främst till Indien. Det finns inga lagar som reglerar surrogatmoderskap i Sverige, vilket har lett till svårigheter vid fastställande av rättsligt föräldraskap när föräldrarna återvänt med barnet. Denna kvalitativa intervjustudie med familjerättssekreterare har funnit att det finns rättslig osäkerhet och etiska frågeställningar som påverkar deras hantering av ärendet. Hur föräldraskap konstrueras i nuläget beror till stor del på enskilda familjerättssekreterares uppfattning om hur man bäst väger surrogatmammans intressen mot vad som är bäst för barnet. Avsaknad av riktlinjer och de etiska frågeställningarna har lett till osäker och olika hantering av ärendena, och en reglering behövs för att bättre skydda de inblandade och öka rättssäkerheten i handläggningen.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Binder, Pauline, et al.
(författare)
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Shared Language Is Essential : Communication in a Multiethnic Obstetric Care Setting
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of health communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1081-0730 .- 1087-0415. ; 17:10, s. 1171-1186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on communication and conceptions of obstetric care to address the postulates that immigrant women experience sensitive care through the use of an ethnically congruent interpreter and that such women prefer to meet health providers of the same ethnic and gender profile when in a multiethnic obstetrics care setting. During 2005–2006, we conducted in-depth interviews in Greater London with immigrant women of Somali and Ghanaian descent and with White British women, as well as with obstetric care providers representing a variety of ethnic profiles. Questions focused on communication and conceptions of maternity care, and they were analyzed using qualitative techniques inspired by naturalistic inquiry. Women and providers across all informant groups encountered difficulties in health communication. The women found professionalism and competence far more important than meeting providers from one's own ethnic group, while language congruence was considered a comfort. Despite length of time in the study setting, Somali women experienced miscommunication as a result of language barriers more than did other informants. An importance of the interpreter's role in health communication was acknowledged by all groups; however, interpreter use was limited by issues of quality, trust, and accessibility. The interpreter service seems to operate in a suboptimal way and has potential for improvement.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, F, et al.
(författare)
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Lysozyme adsorption to charged surfaces. A Monte Carlo study
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5207 .- 1520-6106. ; 108, s. 9871-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lysozyme adsorption to charged surfaces was studied by Monte Carlo simulations at different protein concentrations, protein net charges, ionic strengths, and surface charge densities. The lysozyme was represented by a hard sphere with embedded positive and negative surface charges parametrically dependent on the solution pH. A short-range attractive protein-protein potential was included to represent attractive non-Coulomb forces. The charged surface was described by a hard wall with embedded charges representing a mica surface. The protein adsorption was favored by high protein concentration, high protein net charge, low ionic strength, and high surface charge density. Nevertheless, adsorption appeared also for a weakly negatively charged protein to the negatively charged surface as a result of an electrostatically favorable protein orientation at the surface. While a multipole expansion including monopole and dipole moments only was insufficient to explain preferential orientation, an expansion including also quadrupole moments provided a satisfactory picture. Finally, it was found that the short-range attraction between the proteins increased the adsorbed amount, as well as the structure in the adsorbed protein layer. The adsorbed amounts obtained compared favorably with experimental results.
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| 8. |
- Dabkowska, Aleksandra P., et al.
(författare)
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Non-lamellar lipid assembly at interfaces : controlling layer structure by responsive nanogel particles
- 2017
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Ingår i: Interface Focus. - : ROYAL SOC. - 2042-8898 .- 2042-8901. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological membranes do not only occur as planar bilayer structures, but depending on the lipid composition, can also curve into intriguing three-dimensional structures. In order to fully understand the biological implications as well as to reveal the full potential for applications, e.g. for drug delivery and other biomedical devices, of such structures, well-defined model systems are required. Here, we discuss the formation of lipid non-lamellar liquid crystalline (LC) surface layers spin-coated from the constituting lipids followed by hydration of the lipid layer. We demonstrate that hybrid lipid polymer films can be formed with different properties compared with the neat lipid LC layers. The nanostructure and morphologies of the lipid films formed reflect those in the bulk. Most notably, mixed lipid layers, which are composed of glycerol monooleate and diglycerol monooleate with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanogels, can form films of reverse cubic phases that are capable of responding to temperature stimulus. Owing to the presence of the nanogel particles, changing the temperature not only regulates the hydration of the cubic phase lipid films, but also the lateral organization of the lipid domains within the lipid self-assembled film. This opens up the possibility for new nanostructured materials based on lipid-polymer responsive layers.
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| 9. |
- Dabkowska, A. P., et al.
(författare)
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Temperature responsive lipid liquid crystal layers with embedded nanogels
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 53:8, s. 1417-1420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymer nanogels are embedded within layers consisting of a nonlamellar liquid crystalline lipid phase to act as thermoresponsive controllers of layer compactness and hydration. As the nanogels change from the swollen to the collapsed state via a temperature trigger, they enable on-demand release of water from the mixed polymer-lipid layer while the lipid matrix remains intact. Combining stimuli-responsive polymers with responsive lipid-based mesophase systems opens up new routes in biomedical applications such as functional biomaterials, bioanalysis and drug delivery.
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| 10. |
- de Jong, R. S., et al.
(författare)
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4MOST : Project overview and information for the First Call for Proposals
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Messenger. - : European Southern Observatory. - 0722-6691. ; 175, s. 3-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We introduce the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST), a new high-multiplex, wide-field spectroscopic survey facility under development for the four-metre-class Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) at Paranal. Its key specifications are: a large field of view (FoV) of 4.2 square degrees and a high multiplex capability, with 1624 fibres feeding two low-resolution spectrographs (R = λ/Δλ ~ 6500), and 812 fibres transferring light to the high-resolution spectrograph (R ~ 20 000). After a description of the instrument and its expected performance, a short overview is given of its operational scheme and planned 4MOST Consortium science; these aspects are covered in more detail in other articles in this edition of The Messenger. Finally, the processes, schedules, and policies concerning the selection of ESO Community Surveys are presented, commencing with a singular opportunity to submit Letters of Intent for Public Surveys during the first five years of 4MOST operations.
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