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- Wahlberg, Anna, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Baseline data from a planned RCT on attitudes to female genital cutting after migration : when are interventions justified?
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To present the primary outcomes from a baseline study on attitudes towards female genital cutting (FGC) after migration. Design: Baseline data from a planned cluster randomised, controlled trial. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect questionnaire data in 2015. Based on our hypothesis that established Somalis could be used as facilitators of change among those newly arrived, data were stratified into years of residency in Sweden. Setting: Sweden. Participants: 372 Somali men and women, 206 newly arrived (0–4 years), 166 established (>4 years). Primary outcome measures: Whether FGC is acceptable, preferred for daughter and should continue, specified on anatomical extent. Results: The support for anatomical change of girls and women’s genitals ranged from 0% to 2% among established and from 4% to 8% among newly arrived. Among those supporting no anatomical change, 75%–83% among established and 53%–67% among newly arrived opposed all forms of FGC, with the remaining supporting pricking of the skin with no removal of tissue. Among newly arrived, 37% stated that pricking was acceptable, 39% said they wanted their daughter to be pricked and 26% reported they wanted pricking to continue being practised. Those who had lived in Sweden ≤ 2 years had highest odds of supporting FGC; thereafter, the opposition towards FGC increased over time after migration. Conclusion: A majority of Somali immigrants, including those newly arrived, opposed all forms of FGC with increased opposition over time after migration. The majority of proponents of FGC supported pricking. We argue that it would have been unethical to proceed with the intervention as it, with this baseline, would have been difficult to detect a change in attitudes given that a majority opposed all forms of FGC together with the evidence that a strong attitude change is already happening. Therefore, we decided not to implement the planned intervention. Trial registration number NCT02335697; Pre-results.
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| 2. |
- Wahlberg, Anna, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with the support of pricking (female genital cutting type IV) among Somali immigrants : a cross-sectional study in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Reproductive Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1742-4755. ; :14:92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pricking, classified as female genital cutting (FGC) type IV by the World Health Organization, is an under-researched area gaining momentum among diaspora communities. Our aim was to explore factors associated with being supportive of pricking among Somalis in Sweden. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, attitudes and knowledge regarding FGC, and measures of socioeconomic status, acculturation, and social capital, were assessed by a 49-item questionnaire in four municipalities in Sweden. Data were collected in 2015 from 648 Somali men and women, ≥ 18 years old, of which 113 supported the continuation of pricking. Logistic regression was used for the analysis. Results: Those more likely to support the continuation of pricking were older, originally from rural areas, and newly arrived in Sweden. Further, those who reported that they thought pricking was: acceptable, according to their religion (aOR: 10.59, 95% CI: 5.44–20.62); not a violation of children’s rights (aOR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.46–5.61); and did not cause long-term health complications (aOR: 5.52, 95% CI: 2.25–13.52) had higher odds of supporting pricking. Religion was strongly associated with the support of pricking among both genders. However, for men, children’s rights and the definition of pricking as FGC or not were important aspects in how they viewed pricking, while, for women, health complications and respectability were important. Conclusions: Values known to be associated with FGC in general are also related to pricking. Hence, there seems to be a change in what types of FGC are supported rather than in their perceived values.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Wahlberg, Anna, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Shifting perceptions of female genital cutting in a Swedish migration context
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLoS. - 1932-6203. ; 14:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper was to investigate correlations between Somali Swedish own attitudes towards female genital cutting (FGC) and their perceptions about other Swedish Somalis attitudes. METHODS: In 2015, a cross-sectional study was conducted in four Swedish municipalities with 648 Somali men and women. To assess the level of agreement between the participants' approval of FGC and their perceptions about approval among other Swedish Somalis, Bangdiwala's B-statistic and Welch's t-test were used. RESULTS: We found a substantial agreement between an individual's own approval of FGC and their perceived approval of FGC among most other Swedish Somali men (B-statistic = 0.85) and women (B-statistic = 0.76). However, we also found a tendency for participants to report that other Swedish Somalis-and especially other Swedish Somali women-approved of FGC, while they themselves did not. Perceived percentage of Somali girls being circumcised in Sweden was significantly higher among Swedish Somalis who said they wanted tissue to be removed on their own daughter (mean 23%, 95% CI: 18.3-27.9) compared to those who said they opposed removal of tissue on their own daughter (mean 8%, 95% CI: 6.4-9.1). The majority of Swedish Somali men (92%) stated a preference to marry someone without FGC or with pricking, which was also the view of most of the Swedish Somali women (90%). CONCLUSIONS: Swedish Somalis motivation to continue or discontinue with the practice of FGC may be influenced by perceptions of what other Swedish Somalis prefer. How FGC is being portrayed, in for example media reports, could therefore have an impact on attitudes towards FGC.
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