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Sökning: LAR1:uu > Mälardalens universitet > Engelska

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1.
  • Abdulle, Assyr, et al. (författare)
  • Exponential decay of the resonance error in numerical homogenization via parabolic and elliptic cell problems
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Comptes rendus. Mathematique. - : Elsevier BV. - 1631-073X .- 1778-3569. ; 357:6, s. 545-551
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents two new approaches for finding the homogenized coefficients of multiscale elliptic PDEs. Standard approaches for computing the homogenized coefficients suffer from the so-called resonance error, originating from a mismatch between the true and the computational boundary conditions. Our new methods, based on solutions of parabolic and elliptic cell problems, result in an exponential decay of the resonance error.
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2.
  • Adenfelt, Maria, 1972-, et al. (författare)
  • Knowledge integration in a multinational setting : a study of a transnational business project
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies. - : Inderscience. - 1743-8268 .- 1743-8276. ; 3:3-4, s. 295-312
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this paper is to study how communication enables knowledge integration within transnational projects. Using longitudinal case study data to explore the theoretical arguments, interesting findings emerge. The main finding is that knowledge integration within the transnational project was hampered by ignorance – among project managers and members – of the impact and link between the use of different communication tools, subsequent communication process and knowledge integration. Other findings relate to how institutionalised behaviour persist change and subsequently partly explained why the communication process and thereto related communication tools were not adjusted to new circumstances and conditions. Finally, communication is an inherent part of knowledge integration within a transnational project and there is a need for communication to be sensitive to the complexity of the knowledge being integrated.
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3.
  • Adolfsson, Margareta, 1950-, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring changes over time in habilitation professionals' perceptions and applications of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, version for Children and Youth (ICF-CY).
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 42:7, s. 670-678
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE This study explored how professionals in inter-disciplinary teams perceived the implementation of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, version for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) in Swedish habilitation services. DESIGN Descriptive longitudinal mixed-methods design. METHODS Following participation in a 2-day in-service training on the ICF-CY, 113 professionals from 14 interdisciplinary teams described their perceptions of the implementation of the ICF-CY at 3 consecutive time-points: during in-service training, after 1 year, and after 2.5 years. RESULTS Implementation of the ICF-CY in daily work focused on assessment and habilitation planning and required adaptations of routines and materials. The ICF-CY was perceived as useful in supporting analyses and in communication about children's needs. Professionals also perceived it as contributing to new perspectives on problems and a sharpened focus on participation. CONCLUSION Professionals indicated that the ICF-CY enhanced their awareness of families' views of child participation, which corresponded to organizational goals for habilitation services. An implementation finding was a lack of tools fitting the comprehensive ICF-CY perspective. The study points to the need for ICF-CY-based assessment and intervention methods focusing on child participation
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4.
  • Ahlstedt, Carina, et al. (författare)
  • Flourishing at work : Nurses' motivation through daily communication - An ethnographic approach
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nursing and Health Sciences. - Australia : John Wiley & Sons. - 1441-0745 .- 1442-2018. ; 22:4, s. 1169-1176
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Shortage and turnover of registered nurses are worldwide challenges, and work motiva-tion is one factor in retaining staff in the healthcare sector. The aim of this study was toexplore registered nurses' motivation expressed in daily communication, using the basicneeds in self-determination theory as a framework. A secondary analysis of ethno-graphic data, collected through participant observations, informal interviews duringobservations, and individual interviews, was used. A total sample of all registered nursesemployed at a hospital unit in Sweden (n = 10) participated. The data were analyzed the-matically through the lens of the basic needs in self-determination theory: autonomy,competence, and relatedness. Self-regulation of learning, the possibilities to discuss work-related challenges with colleagues, and having registered nurses lead dialogues with phy-sicians were factors connected to autonomy. Having a registered nurse and physiciansolve problems together was a factor connected to competence.Asenseofbelongingand security in a permissive climate between registered nurses was co nnected to relat-edness. This paper has implications for increased awareness of the three basic motiva-tional needs, which could be used in the development of attractive workplaces
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5.
  • Ahlstedt, Carina, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • What makes registered nurses remain in work? : An ethnographic study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 89, s. 32-38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Registered nurses’ work-related stress, dissatisfaction and burnout are some of the problems in the healthcare and that negatively affect healthcare quality and patient care. A prerequisite for sustained high quality at work is that the registered nurses are motivated. High motivation has been proved to lead to better working results. The theory of inner work life describes the dynamic interplay between a person's perceptions, emotions and motivation and the three key factors for a good working life: nourishment, progress and catalysts. Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore registered nurses’ workday events in relation to inner work life theory, to better understand what influences registered nurses to remain in work. Design: A qualitative explorative study with an ethnographic approach. Methods: Participant observation over four months; in total 56 h with 479 events and 58 informal interviews during observation; all registered nurses employed at the unit (n = 10) were included. In addition, individual interviews were conducted after the observation period (n = 9). The dataset was analysed using thematic analysis and in the final step of the analysis the categories were reflected in relation to the three key factors in theory of inner work life. Results: Nourishment in a registered nurse context describes the work motivation created by the interpersonal support between colleagues. It was important to registered nurses that physicians and colleagues respected and trusted their knowledge in the daily work, and that they felt comfortable asking questions and supporting each other. Progress in the context of registered nurses’ work motivation was the feeling of moving forward with a mix of small wins and the perception of solving more complex challenges in daily work. It was also fundamental to the registered nurses’ development through new knowledge and learning during daily work. Catalysts, actions that directly facilitate the work, were highlighted as the possibility to work independently along with the opportunity to work together with other registered nurses. Conclusion: This study has a number of implications for future work and research on creating an attractive workplace for registered nurses. Working independently, with colleagues from the same profession, integrated with learning, visible progress, and receiving feedback from the work itself, contribute to work motivation. 
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6.
  • Ahmadi, Fereshteh, 1958-, et al. (författare)
  • How has the University Community Been Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic? : An Iranian Survey
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Sociology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-7775. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The present study, one of the first to look at COVID-19 and coping in Iran, aimed at mapping, describing and understanding the coping methods academics employ as protective resources to deal with the psychological challenges and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We specifically aimed at identifying the meaning-making coping methods used and understanding the influence of culture. The guiding research question has been: Are there differences in meaning-making coping methods by gender, age group, work/student status, and place of residence?Design: The study, which used convenience sampling, was a quantitative inquiry. It employed a modified version of the RCOPE scale among faculty/staff members and students in Iran (n = 196, 75% women).Results: The most frequently used coping method among all subgroups of the study sample was thinking that life is part of a greater whole, followed by praying to Allah/God. The least used coping methods were the negative religious ones. Gender differences were found for being alone and contemplating, stronger for men. Thinking that life is part of a greater whole was found mainly among on-campus students. Praying to Allah/God was most common among the youngest staff and students, as well as among women. Two segments of respondents were discovered-the Theists and Non-theists-where the former used more religious coping methods, were more likely to be women, older staff and students, on-campus students, married, have children, and lived in capital.Conclusions: Our conclusion is that the RCOPE methods, which include religious and spiritual meaning-making methods, are of great importance to the studied Iranian informants. However, they use some secular existential meaning-making coping strategies too. This is explained by the role of religion in the larger orientation system and frame of reference in parallel with a secular worldview. Further, a sharp distinction between religious and secular worldviews was not found, which is explained by the fact that secular norms are hardly internalized in ways of thinking in Iran.
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7.
  • Alatalo, Juha, 1966- (författare)
  • Gender lability in trioecious Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae)
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 17:2, s. 181-183
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Gender expression of individual cushions of Silene acaulis was shown to vary between years. Fifteen of thirty-nine (= 38%) cushions monitored changed gender expression between 1993 and 1995. Cushions dominated by female flowers were shown to be more stable in gender expression than cushions dominated by male or hermaphrodite flowers.
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8.
  • Alatalo, Juha, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • Pollen viability and limitation of seed production in a population of the circumpolar cushion plant, Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae)
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 21:4, s. 365-372
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pollen viability among genders and limitation of female seed production in a natural trioecious population of the circumpolar cushion plant Silene acaulis was examined. Pollen viability was estimated by an in vitro pollen germination experiment. Both male and hermaphrodite flowers displayed large variation in pollen viability (0-53% in hermaphrodite and 0-54% in male flowers). There was a significant difference between genders in pollen viability: male plants had on average higher pollen viability than hermaphrodite plants. Resource and pollen limitation of seed production was studied by an experiment consisting of three treatments; (I) hand-pollination and removal of all other flowers on the cushion, (II) harid-pollination without removal of other flowers, and (III) open pollination without removal of flowers, Hand-pollination increased seed production, whereas removal of flowers had no effect on seed production. Abortion of pollinated ovules during seed development and seed mass did not differ among treatments. To control for effect of fruit number on seed production, data from naturally pollinated individuals was used. There was a positive correlation between both total number of seeds and fruit number, mean seed number per fruit and fruit number, respectively. These results indicate that seed production of S. acaulis is mainly limited by pollen availability whereas resource competition between fruits is not important as a limiting factor. The possible role of male quality differences between genders and pollen limitation of seed production for maintenance of trioecious reproductive systems is discussed.
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9.
  • Alatalo, Juha, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • Response to simulated climatic change in an alpine and subarctic pollen-risk strategist, Silene acaulis
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2486 .- 1354-1013. ; 3, s. 74-79
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to test if early no overing species respond with increased seed production to climate warming as is predicted for late-flowering seed-risk strategists. Experimental climate warming of about 3 degrees C was applied to two populations of the cushion-forming plant Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. The experiment was run at one subarctic site and one alpine site for 2 years and 1 year, respectively, using open-top chambers (OTC). The 2-year temperature enhancement at the subarctic site had a marked effect on the flowering phenology. Cushions inside the OTC started flowering substantially earlier than control cushions. Both the male and female phases developed faster in the OTCs, and maturation of capsules occurred earlier. The cushions also responded positively in reproductive terms and produced more mature seeds and had a higher seed/ovule ratio. After 1 year temperature enhancement at the alpine site there was a weak trend for earlier flowering, but there was no significant difference in seed production or seed/ovule ratio.
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10.
  • Altman, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Anal sphincter lacerations and upright delivery postures - a risk analysis from a randomized controlled trial
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: International Urogynecology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-3462 .- 1433-3023. ; 18:2, s. 141-146
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To evaluate obstetric sphincter lacerations after a kneeling or sitting position at second stage of labor in a multivariate risk analysis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-one primiparous women with normal pregnancies and spontaneous labor were randomized, 138 to a kneeling position and 133 to a sitting position. Medical data were retrieved from delivery charts and partograms. Risk factors were tested in a multivariate logistic regression model in a stepwise manner. RESULTS: The trial was completed by 106 subjects in the kneeling group and 112 subjects in the sitting group. There were no significant differences with regard to duration of second stage of labor or pre-trial maternal characteristics between the two groups. Obstetrical sphincter tears did not differ significantly between the two groups but an intact perineum was more common in the kneeling group (p<0.03) and episiotomy (mediolateral) was more common in the sitting group (p<0.05). Three grade IV sphincter lacerations occurred in the sitting group compared to none in the kneeling group (NS). Multivariate risk analysis indicated that prolonged duration of second stage of labor and episiotomy were associated with an increased risk of third- or fourth-degree sphincter tears (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Delivery posture, maternal age, fetal weight, use of oxytocin, and use of epidural analgesia did not increase the risk of obstetrical anal sphincter lacerations in the two upright postures. CONCLUSION: Obstetrical anal sphincter lacerations did not differ significantly between a kneeling or sitting upright delivery posture. Episiotomy was more common after a sitting delivery posture, which may be associated with an increased risk of anal sphincter lacerations. Upright delivery postures may be encouraged in healthy women with normal, full-term pregnancy.
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