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- Themnér, Anders, 1976-
(författare)
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A Leap of Faith : When and How Ex-Combatants Resort to Violence
- 2013
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Ingår i: Security Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-6412 .- 1556-1852. ; 22:2, s. 295-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has given scant attention to the issue of how and when ex-combatants resort to organized violence. This article fills this research gap by comparing ex-fighters in the Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone. It holds that ex-combatant violence is the result of interaction between entrepreneurs of violence, military affinities, intermediaries, and selective incentives. Ex-combatants take to arms when they have access to entrepreneurs of violence. By offering selective incentives and utilizing existing military affinities, entrepreneurs can generate the enticements and trust needed to convince ex-combatants to resort to arms. However, as entrepreneurs have limited contact with ex-fighters, they are dependent on intermediaries to do the actual recruiting for them. Contrary to previous assumptions, this article finds that ex-fighters are largely risk-averse individuals and that ex-combatant violence is seldom triggered by the mere presence of small arms, lack of economic opportunities, or experiences of insecurity.
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- Themnér, Anders, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Change and the Risk of Violent Conflicts in Southern Africa
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study aims to identify regions in the Zambezi River Basin in Southern Africa that are prone to risk of violent conflicts (collective violence, popular unrest) induced by climatic changes/variability. The Zambezi River is 575 kilometres long and the basin covers eight countries: Zambia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Tanzania, Botswana, Mozambique and Namibia. Besides the ecological impact, the study argues that socio-economic and political problems are disproportionately multiplied by climate change/variability. Climate change/variability amplifies stresses on the socio-political fabric because it affects the governance of resources, and hence, is linked to the weakened mitigation and adaptation capacity of societies, that are already facing economic challenges (rising food prices, etc.). Society becomes highly vulnerable to climate induced conflicts when it suffers from poor central leadership, weak institutions and polarized social identities. Taking all these factors into consideration, this study identifies Bulawayo/Matableleland-North in Zimbabwe and the Zambezia Province in Mozambique as the most likely regions to experience climate induced conflicts in the near future. The reasons for arriving at this conclusion are: a) Climate change/variability will have a significant impact on these two regions; due to increasing water scarcity in Bulawayo/Matabeleland-North; and intensified flooding, sea-level rise, and costal erosion in the Zambezia Province. b) Due to climate change/variability, agricultural production in these two regions will become highly volatile, leading to severe food insecurity. c) Both regions are suffering from low quality political governance, having unscrupulous elites, weak institutions, and polarized social identities.
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- Themnér, Anders, 1976-
(författare)
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Commanding Abuse or Abusing Command? : Ex-Command Structures and Drugs in Liberia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Third World Thematics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2380-2014 .- 2379-9978. ; 3:1, s. 46-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In contemporary discourses on post-war reconstruction in West Africa, ex-command structures are often assumed to play a key role in the drug economy. Such assertions have, however, not been systematically investigated. Based on in-depth field research in Liberia, this article holds that ex-command structures have not only played a limited role in the country’s drug economy, the use of and trade in drugs has had a destructive impact on ex-military networks. These findings highlight that rather than seeking to dismantle strong ex-command structures, efforts to combat the drug economy may benefit from integrating them into the statebuilding process.KEYWORDS: Ex-command structures, drugs, crime, disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration, Liberia, peacebuilding
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- Themnér, Anders, 1976-
(författare)
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Demilitarisering och säkerhetssektorreform
- 2012
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Ingår i: Om krig och fred. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144075587 ; , s. 257-272
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Themnér, Anders, 1976-
(författare)
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Demobilisering och säkerhetsreform
- 2017. - 2 uppl.
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Ingår i: Om krig och fred. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144115740 - 9789144075587
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Themnér, Anders, 1976-
(författare)
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Former Military Networks and the Micro-Politics of Violence and Statebuilding in Liberia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Comparative politics. - New York : City University of New York. - 0010-4159 .- 2151-6227. ; 47:3, s. 334-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have highlighted the inability of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programs to dismantle command structures in the aftermath of civil war. The effect that lingering military networks have on peace, however, is ambiguous. Therefore, a key question—which has so far been unanswered—is why some ex-military networks are remobilized for violent purposes while others are used for more productive ones, such as income-generating activities. In this article, I seek to address this question by comparing two former mid-level commanders (ex-MiLCs) in Liberia and the networks that they control. Based on this comparison I argue that it is ex-MiLCs who are shunned by governing elites as peacetime brokers of patronage—distributing economic resources to ex-fighters—that are most likely to remobilize their ex-combatant networks.
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