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| 2. |
- Barthel, Stephan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Biocultural Refugia : Combating the Erosion of Diversity in Landscapes of Food Production
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 18:4, s. UNSP 71-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is urgent need to both reduce the rate of biodiversity loss caused by industrialized agriculture and feed morepeople. The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of places that harbor traditional ecological knowledge, artifacts, and methodswhen preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services in landscapes of food production. We use three examples in Europe ofbiocultural refugia, defined as the physical places that not only shelter farm biodiversity, but also carry knowledge and experiencesabout practical management of how to produce food while stewarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. Memory carriersinclude genotypes, landscape features, oral, and artistic traditions and self-organized systems of rules, and as such reflect adiverse portfolio of practices on how to deal with unpredictable change. We find that the rich biodiversity of many regionallydistinct cultural landscapes has been maintained through different smallholder practices developed in relation to localenvironmental fluctuations and carried within biocultural refugia for as long as millennia. Places that transmit traditionalecological knowledge and practices hold important lessons for policy makers since they may provide genetic and culturalreservoirs — refugia — for the wide array of species that have co-evolved with humans in Europe for more than 6000 thousandyrs. Biodiversity restoration projects in domesticated landscapes can employ the biophysical elements and cultural practicesembedded in biocultural refugia to create locally adapted small-scale mosaics of habitats that allow species to flourish and adaptto change. We conclude that such insights must be included in discussions of land-sparing vs. land-sharing when producingmore food while combating loss of biodiversity. We found the latter strategy rational in domesticated landscapes with a longhistory of agriculture
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| 4. |
- Cornelissen, Johannes H C, et al.
(författare)
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Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 10:7, s. 619-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether climate change will turn cold biomes from large long-term carbon sinks into sources is hotly debated because of the great potential for ecosystem-mediated feedbacks to global climate. Critical are the direction, magnitude and generality of climate responses of plant litter decomposition. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of the major climate-change-related drivers of litter decomposition rates in cold northern biomes worldwide.Leaf litters collected from the predominant species in 33 global change manipulation experiments in circum-arctic-alpine ecosystems were incubated simultaneously in two contrasting arctic life zones. We demonstrate that longer-term, large-scale changes to leaf litter decomposition will be driven primarily by both direct warming effects and concomitant shifts in plant growth form composition, with a much smaller role for changes in litter quality within species. Specifically, the ongoing warming-induced expansion of shrubs with recalcitrant leaf litter across cold biomes would constitute a negative feedback to global warming. Depending on the strength of other (previously reported) positive feedbacks of shrub expansion on soil carbon turnover, this may partly counteract direct warming enhancement of litter decomposition.
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| 5. |
- Cretois, Remi, et al.
(författare)
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The vanishing cycles of curves in toric surfaces I
- 2018
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Ingår i: Compositio Mathematica. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0010-437X .- 1570-5846. ; 154:8, s. 1659-1697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is the first in a series of two in which we study the vanishing cycles of curves in toric surfaces. We give a list of possible obstructions to contract vanishing cycles within a given complete linear system. Using tropical means, we show that any non-separating simple closed curve is a vanishing cycle whenever none of the listed obstructions appears.
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| 6. |
- Demir, Robert, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Translation of Relational Practices in an MNC Subsidiary : Symmetrical, Asymmetrical, and Substitutive Strategies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Asian Business & Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-4782 .- 1476-9328. ; 11:4, s. 369-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extant research on knowledge transfer within multinational corporations has increasingly focused on knowledge flow, but this research has ignored the process of knowledge translation. Building on translation theory, this paper seeks to explain how the translation of relational practices by local Chinese managers occurs in a Swedish multinational corporation subsidiary in China. The findings show that middle managers in the subsidiary adopt three different translation strategies: symmetrical, asymmetrical, and substitutive. These strategies and their key drivers are discussed, and implications for further research are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Engström, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Valuing biodiversity and resilience : an application to pollinator diversity in the Stockholm region
- 2020
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Ingår i: Spatial Economic Analysis. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1742-1772 .- 1742-1780. ; 15:3, s. 238-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper characterizes the value of biodiversity and ecosystem resilience by formalizing a stochastic dynamic bioeconomic model of pollinator diversity under climate changes, with an application to oil rapeseed production in the Stockholm region of Sweden. It studies the optimal provision of semi-natural habitat for two different pollinator bee species: bumble bees and solitary wild bees. It is found that, despite being less effective, solitary bees hold considerable resilience value due to the differences in how the two species respond to temperature shocks. The paper also discusses the role of spatial aspects, in particular the reduced pollination effectiveness due to spatially uneven allocation of semi-natural habitats. It is found that spatial unevenness leads to an increase in the habitat provision, with an attendant reduction in the resilience value of solitary bees.
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| 8. |
- Filser, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Are skewed sex ratios associated with violent crime? : A longitudinal analysis using Swedish register data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Evolution and human behavior. - New York : Elsevier. - 1090-5138 .- 1879-0607. ; 42:3, s. 212-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is widespread concern in both the popular and academic literature that a surplus of men in a population intensifies mating competition between men, particularly unpartnered men, resulting in increased violence towards both men and women. Recent contributions challenge this perspective and argue that male mating competition and levels of violence will be higher when sex ratios are female-skewed. Existing empirical evidence remains inconclusive. We argue that this empirical ambiguity results from analyses of aggregate-level data, which put inferences at risk of ecological fallacies. Our analysis circumvents such problems by using individual-level, longitudinal demographic register and police data for the Stockholm metropolitan area, Sweden (1990–2003, n = 758,498). These data allow us to investigate the association between municipality-level sex ratios and violent offending (homicide, assault, threat, and sexual crimes) while adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Results suggest that aggregated offending rates are negatively associated with male-skewed sex ratios, whereas individual-level violent offending correlates positively with male-skews. We find that the more-men-more-violence association holds particularly for male violence against other men, but is insignificant for violence against women. Moreover, the association is significant among childless men, but not among fathers. However, robustness checks question the causality of these associations. Female violent offending is positively, albeit due to a low number of cases, insignificantly associated with male-skews. Moreover, both male and female non-violent offending is higher in male-skewed municipalities. We discuss the implications with regard to the theoretical debate and problems of unobserved heterogeneity in the sex ratio literature.
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| 9. |
- Forinder, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Content of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms among Parents after Paediatric Stem Cell Transplant
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study the aim was to explore the content in a trauma reported in a self-report questionnaire by parents of children with a life threatening illness. Semi-structured interviews were performed, with the aim to explore the specific cognitive and behavioral content of the trauma related symptoms reported by the individual informant. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed with content analysis using a direct approach with a-priori categories according to the B and C categories of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for PTSD. The results give us the picture of a complex situation, where the self-report instrument PCL captured a spectrum of qualitatively different cognitions. The parents described traumatic thoughts and images relating not only to experiences in the past (i.e., truly post-traumatic), but also to current stressors and expected future events.
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| 10. |
- Forinder, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Now we have to cope with the rest of our lives. Existential issues related to parenting a child surviving a brain tumour
- 2010
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Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 18:5, s. 543-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the paper was to explore the existential issues expressed by parents of children who had been treated for brain tumours. A brain tumour in childhood is an event that triggers acute traumatic stress and it has long-term consequences for the child as well as for the parents. Due to advanced treatment techniques, more children survive brain tumours today. However, for most survivors a brain tumour is associated with sequelae and uncertainty about the future. Eleven parents of seven children successfully treated for brain tumours were interviewed in 2006. The semi-structured interviews were conducted by two licensed psychologists. The Inductive Thematic method was used to analyse the data. Consequences of a perceived threat, uncertainty and loss were described in terms of grief and sadness, loneliness, changes in the conditions for parenting, and changed views regarding identity and meaning. A traumatic experience is typically followed by an existential crisis, i.e. a process of restoring the person's assumptive world. As summarized by one parent: ""Now we have to cope with the rest of our lives"". The statement can be seen as a metaphor for the reconstruction of everyday life - a new picture including the child's disease and its sequelae, as well as the uncertainty about what the future might be like. The findings underscore the importance of the social network, validating and supporting parents through this process. Moreover, in this social network the paediatric oncology and neurology care is a significant part.
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