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- Temiz, Irina, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Farms of Wave Energy Converters and Grid Integration
- 2024
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Ingår i: Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 9780124095489 ; , s. 1-22
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article presents the state-of-the-art and challenges related to the optimization and grid integration of farms of wave energy converters (WECs). Various physical and electrical circuit layouts have been proposed to interconnect WECs. The grid impact of wave power farms (WPFs) is associated with energy variability in ocean waves. Although fluctuations in the WPF output power might be reduced due to the farm aggregation effect, it remains highly variable, changing from minimum to maximum within several seconds. Parameters assessing the grid impact of farms of WECs are presented here, and various solutions to reduce the grid impact from WPFs are summarized.
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- Tikkanen, Toni
(författare)
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3. Waste management and nutrient flows in the city of Turku : A detailed N and P flow study to estimate the capacity of biowaste sorting to contribute to nutrient recycling
- 2003. - 1
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Ingår i: Urban Environmental Management. - Uppsala : Baltic University Press. - 9197001759 ; , s. 27-41
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A detailed quantitative study of flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in all organic waste in Turku was made to evaluate the potential of recycling of nutrients. Both inputs and outputs in all municipal and private sewerage, nutrient-containing fluent and solid waste flows were estimated. These included municipal and private sewerage, municipal solid waste, and municipal as well as private composting. The volume or weight of each of these was measured as well as their content of N and P either measured or estimated using reference values from literature. The total flows for the 170,000 inhabitants and their animals were found to be 3,074 kg of N and 583 kg of P per day. 64% of the inputs were found in the municipal wastewater, 11% in private sewarage, 10% in solid organic waste sent to incineration and 7% in organic waste sent to landfill. The major flows of output nitrogen included 53% (1,647 kg/day) to surface waters and 23% (765 kg/day), to sludge, while for phosphorus 15% (90 kg/day) went to surface waters and 61% (368 kg/day) to sludge. Only 1% of the nutrients were recycled for new agricultural production. If separate sorting of biowaste is achieved (planned for 2005) this figure will increase to 7% and with maximum recycling amount to 15-16%.
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- Teixeira, André, et al.
(författare)
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Cyber-Secure and Resilient Architectures for Industrial Control Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Smart Grid Security: Innovative Solutions for a Modernized Grid. - : Elsevier. - 9780128023549 ; , s. 149-183
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter, we survey cyber security solutions for control and monitoring systems that are used to manage the Smart Grid. We start with a short review of the history and use of Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, and how cyber security in control systems has recently become a major concern, in the wake of the Stuxnet and other recently discovered malware. We follow up with surveying information technology and control-centric security tools that can be used to improve the resilience of industrial control systems. Feedback control loops are core components in the Smart Grid, as they enable the maximal utilization of the physical infrastructure and its resources. As the number of control loops in the Smart Grid increases, the cyber security challenges faced by ICSs become increasingly important within the Smart Grid's context. To highlight such novel challenges, we give an overview of the envisioned control loops in future Smart Grids, and discuss the potential impact of cyber threats targeting critical Smart Grid functionalities. As a case study, false-data injection attacks on power transmission networks are considered. The level of resilience to such attacks is assessed through a control-centric risk assessment methodology, which is also used for allocating the deployment of more modern and secure equipment. The chapter ends with a discussion of future research challenges in the area.
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- Ajaxon, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical Properties of Brushite Calcium Phosphate Cements
- 2017
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Ingår i: The World Scientific Encyclopedia of Nanomedicine and Bioengineering II: Bioimplants, Regenerative Medicine, and Nano-Cancer Diagnosis and Phototherapy. - Singapore : World Scientific Pte Ltd.. - 9789814667586
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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- Broström, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Hållbarhet och byggnadsvård
- 2011
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Ingår i: Energiboken. - Stockholm : Svenska byggnadsvårdsföreningen. - 9789163390111 ; , s. 34-45
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