| 1. |
- Arora-Jonsson, Stefan, Professor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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A new understanding of competition
- 2021
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Ingår i: Competition. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780191924460 - 9780192898012 ; , s. 1-25
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Competition is currently found in many, if not most, social domains, such as the economy, politics, public services, sports, culture, higher education, and science. But competition is not endemic to any of these fields. Rather, it has been constructed by those involved or by observers. We ask what competition is and how it can be introduced into a new context. Critically reflecting on insights from economics, management studies and sociology, we define competition as a combined social construction of four factors: actorhood, relationships among actors, scarcity, and desire. We shed light on asymmetric constructions of competition among different actors. Our definition leaves open the effect of competition on behaviour: competition may lead competitors to avoid interaction with each other or to cooperate; it may motivate people to try harder or it may demotivate them. Finally, we discuss issues for further research that follow from our understanding of competition.
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| 2. |
- Arora-Jonsson, Stefan, Professor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Competition unbundled : taking stock and looking forward
- 2021
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Ingår i: Competition. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780192898012 - 9780191924460 ; , s. 221-236
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this final chapter, we discuss how the preceding chapters illuminate some fundamental questions about competition. How is it constructed? How are the behaviours resulting from competition managed? What are the consequences of competition? How can competition be removed? And, how do these factors vary with the good people compete for? Our aim is to provide an outline of a social science research programme on competition that is long overdue. A central message of the book is that competition seems ubiquitous but that it should not be taken for granted or be naturalized as an inevitable aspect of human existence. Its emergence, maintenance, and change are often the result of intention and purposive efforts, and a central challenge for social science is to learn more about these developments.
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| 3. |
- Arora-Jonsson, Stefan, Professor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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The Construction of Competition in Public Research Funding Systems
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of Public Funding of Research. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. ; , s. 172-184
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Competition is a core feature of public research systems. Previous literature has mainly focused on the consequences of competition for research funding in such systems. These consequences are important, but the literature has largely assumed that competition for funding is inevitable in public research systems. This assumption masks the extent to which competition is a constructed phenomenon requiring explanation. When and why is there competition for research funding in public systems? In this chapter, our aim is to develop new knowledge about the ways that various allocations of funding are or are not constructed as competition for funding. We utilise recent theorising to analyse competition for research funding as a phenomenon that eventually comes about through organising efforts. Our chapter revitalises previous literature, and offers policy implications and future inquiry avenues that highlight the importance of understanding how competition for funding is constructed, and potentially revoked, in public research systems.
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| 4. |
- Arora-Jonsson, Stefan, Professor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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The Origins of Competition : institution and organization
- 2021
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Ingår i: Competition. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780192898012 - 9780191924460 ; , s. 61-76
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Institutional conditions and organizational efforts are key for understanding how and why the elements constituting competition come about. Several contemporary institutions favour the construction of competition. States, organizations, and individuals are increasingly being seen as actors that are able to compete with each other, and globalization and other recent institutional developments have increased the number of relationships that they can construct. An impressive economic development during the last century has not prevented a continued sense of scarcity and new desires have emerged, not least the desire for status positions. Fourth parties organize social life in ways that create competition by intention or unintentionally. Organizers of contests in politics, markets, sports and many other sectors construct actors, relationships, and scarcity for something desired. Similar efforts have been an essential part of many recent reforms of organizations and markets. The increasing number of prizes and rankings in almost any area of life produces scarcity and is likely to create new desires for goods that per definition are scarce.
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| 5. |
- Aspers, Patrik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The Organization of Markets
- 2018
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Ingår i: Market Organization. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. ; , s. 17-31, s. 17-31
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Brunsson, Nils, 1946-
(författare)
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Beslut som institution
- 1998
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Ingår i: Organisationsteori på svenska. - Malmö : Liber AB.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Brunsson, Nils, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Constructing competition for status : sports and higher education.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Competition. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. ; , s. 93-111
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The likelihood and forms of competition for status—or any other good—are dependent on how the good is allocated in society, and such allocation may, in turn, be strongly influenced by organizational efforts. We discuss the ways by which status allocation is organized in the fields of sports and higher education and analyse how and why certain forms of organization aid in constructing competition. Using the case of higher education, we show how actorhood, relationships, and status scarcity have been organized for a specific entity, the university. We argue that desire for status is more difficult to create by organizational efforts, and such desire may be difficult to justify within an organization. We end the chapter by discussing strategies for organizations competing for status and the risks that such strategies involve.
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| 9. |
- Brunsson, Nils, 1946-
(författare)
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Decisions as institutions : Introduction
- 2000. - Third edition
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Ingår i: The Irrational Organization. - Oslo : Fagbokforlaget.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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