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- Berg, Marie, 1955
(författare)
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Genuine Caring in Caring for the Genuine : Childbearing and high risk as experienced by women and midwives
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The experience of pregnancy and childbirth is a central life event with special implications for women at high risk. This thesis describes the meaning of pregnancy, childbirth and midwifery care in four qualitative interview studies based on the lifeworld theory. Women were interviewed during pregnancy and within one week after childbirth. Midwives were interviewed concerning midwifery care for women at high risk. In an intervention study, childbirth experience as reported through a post partum questionnaire was compared between women receiving standard care and women who had formulated a birth plan preceded by a questionnaire on their expectations and feelings about childbirth.The findings emphasise that childbearing women at high risk live in an extremely vulnerable situation. The vulnerability is obvious in the use of an individual birth plan, where negative feelings become more frequent in women at high risk than in those with normal pregnancy and childbirth. During pregnancy the women feel a moral commitment towards the child, including feelings of objectification and of exaggerated responsibility. During an obstetrically complicated childbirth the essential meaning is the women’s desire to be recognised and affirmed as individual persons. Like women with normal pregnancy and childbirth, they need an emotionally present midwife who sees, give trust and supports.Good midwifery care of childbearing women at high risk is synthesised as "genuine caring in caring for the genuine". The ethos of caring constitutes the basis of caring. Women’s transition during pregnancy and childbirth is described as a genuinely natural process. Midwives have a special responsibility to encourage and preserve this process within women at high risk. The caring relationship is the core and the most essential tool in the care. Distinctive features in the midwifery care are embodied knowledge, physical as well as emotional presence, sensitivity, a mutual dialogue including shared control between midwife and woman, and confirmation and support of the genuine in each woman. The midwifery care is a struggle and a balance between natural and medical perspectives.
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- Björktomta, Siv-Britt, 1962
(författare)
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Om patriarkat, motstånd och uppbrott – tjejers rörelse i sociala rum
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation focuses on some young girls and their family relations. My aim has been to investigate how some of those girls with foreign background who in media, government documents and project descriptions have come to be categorized as “vulnerable girls in patriarchal families” – what has come to be termed honour-related violence and oppression, HRV – describe their situation themselves. The selection consists of eleven girls between 16 and 20 years old who have expressed that they live with restrictions and control of their social life and their sexuality. This means that it is the girls’ subjective experiences that have defined their vulnerability and delimited the selection. The core of the study comprises (family) relations, with gender and generation as dimensions of power. The study moves within two fields of tension, one of which deals with generation and concerns the relation between parental authority and children’s dependence and vulnerability. The other field deals with gender and concerns conflicts between men’s domination and women’s subordination. The theoretical basis consists of theories of patriarchy together with Bourdieu’s theories of habitus and symbolic violence, which provide an understanding of the context that the interviewees found themselves in. Central for this understanding is how norms and values are transferred from the older to the younger generation. For a deepening of the habitus concept, theories are used from emotion sociology about the coupling between feelings, cognition and action, which become useful in the analysis of the girl’s self-reflections, their relations to their parents, and regarding their space for action. The experience described by the interviewees concerned areas such as gender and sexuality, generation, dominance and power, violence, ethnicity, culture and religion, but in the interviews there was also a bodily and emotional dimension. This dimension emerged during the analytical work as increasingly significant for understanding the whole. The families’ norms and values can be described as traditional values in three areas: (1) a strong sexual morality together with control of women’s sexuality; (2) norms of honour, meaning among other things that great emphasis was placed on the family’s honour, which was symbolized by the daughter’s virginity; (3) gendered practices that were concretized in the interviews through the fact that the man was seen primarily as the family provider while the household and children were the woman’s responsibility. The patriarchal family formations that the interviewees described I will understand as variations of patriarchy formed within transnational social spaces in a late modern society. The idea that a daughter’s virginity is the symbol of the family’s reputation and honour meant that the interviewees, in a special way, had to shoulder the burden of being cultural symbols and boundary markers – with moral implications – between the “Swedish” and the “non-Swedish”. Resistance against the boy-friend ban and the virginity requirement was presented by all the interviewees. They lived a double life. Through various strategies the girls tried increasing their space for action, and when the resistance became visible – when the boundary transgressions were discovered – the father made use of his resources of power. Patriarchy was manifested in different ways within the families, and how the power was exercised had importance for the resistance’s form and expression, but it also emerged that these factors relate to each other in a dynamically changing interaction. The resistance influenced the power in many ways as well. An important distinction between the families concerned violence. In five families, there were accounts of actual physical violence, and in another family there had been threats of physical violence. The interviewees found themselves at the intersection between a patriarchal field and a field characterized by a more free view of sexuality and with strong discourses of equality and children’s rights. It was within these frameworks that their movements and resistance played out. A result that has emerged during the analytical work is the father’s position and significant function as a point of reference in the girls’ narratives – the father’s authority and power were taken for granted in virtually all the families. Another result is that through the diverse expressions of patriarchy the emotional ties between father and daughter existed in the great majority of the families. Parallel with emotional dependence between father and daughter, most of the girls wanted more emotional closeness, a closeness that could also promote a dialogue and better communication. The relation between mother and daughter emerged as complex and contradictory.
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- Bylander, Eric, 1973-
(författare)
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Muntlighetsprincipen : En rättsvetenskaplig studie av processuella handläggningsformer i svensk rätt
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis examines the different forms of procedural communication available to the Swedish courts. The choice traditionally stood between oral and written procedure. Today the procedure in the general courts is dominated by the principle of orality, while in the administrative courts, procedure chiefly takes the written form. This being said, the types of communication procedures used in courts today are constantly changing, the reason being, in part, the advent and advancement of new communication tools such as telephone, video and the internet.The cardinal aspiration for this doctoral thesis has been to prepare a generous substructure that will allow an assessment of how the principles that constitute the foundation for the choice of a form of procedural communication stand up against the arrival of new conditions. In attaining this goal the thesis takes stock of, structure, and evaluate the current knowledge of the regulation of the forms of procedural communication and the arguments that have been put forward regarding its design and application.The chosen method is a rhetorical-topical audit of the arguments provided by the legislative community. In addition it examines the relationship between these arguments and the activities of the courts and includes a comparative analysis of the current and historic conditions of the procedural communication forms.In the thesis nine different principle topoi (argument sources) for the analysed argumentation are identified and discussed: The Purpose of the Proceedings, Security, Speed, Cost-effectiveness, the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Decision-making, the Parties, Publicity and the Rules and Regulations.
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- Karlsohn, Thomas, 1967-
(författare)
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Passage mellan medier : Vilém Flusser, datorn och skriften
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about Vilém Flusser (1920-1991), a philosopher of the media who was best known in the German-speaking world during the 1980s. Hitherto, penetrating studies that show Flusser’s dependence on the idea-historical contexts in which his thought took shape have been lacking. By approaching Flusser’s media-philosophical essays from the 80s via these contexts, we can gain a deeper understanding of his thought. The thesis focuses on the significance of the Jewish community in Prague between the wars, where Flusser spent his youth. Space is also devoted to his dependence on cybernetic theory and on various theories of writing.This contextualizing approach is complemented, however, by an in depth reading of two of Flusser’s most well known texts, Ins Universum der technischen Bilder and Die Schrift. Hat Schreiben Zukunkft? Through a detailed analysis of these texts, I show not only that Flusser is influenced by different currents of ideas, but also how these various currents interact in his texts. The enquiry tackles the question of how the relationship between man and technology is depicted in the texts. I indicate how, in accordance with his ideas on what the essay as a form should mean, Flusser works with a method that involves a constant shifting of perspective. I also clarify how, on certain points, Flusser’s texts show a clear ambivalence with regard the relationship between man and technology. This becomes particularly clear when the existential philosophical perspective is juxtaposed to other perspectives, such those of cybernetics and writing theory.Through the study of a thinker like Vilém Flusser, it becomes possible to gain deeper insights into how information technology influences the shaping of ideas. The thesis concludes with Flusser being positioned in the debate on Postmodernism that was going on at the time he published his most influential essays. In this connection, I show that Flusser’s thought in many respects can be said to be in line with that of the postmodernists. In other important respects, however, he stands out as an distinctive thinker.
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- Leijonhufvud, Gustaf, 1977-
(författare)
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Decision making on indoor climate control in historic buildings : knowledge, uncertainty and the science-practice gap
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Balancing use, preservation and energy use is a fundamental challenge for the whole heritage field. This is put to the point in designing and operating systems for indoor climate control in historic buildings, where competing objectives such as preservation, comfort, accessibility, energy use and cost have to be negotiated in the individual case. The overarching aim of this thesis is to explore the gap between research and practice regarding energy efficient indoor climate control in historic buildings. The thesis deals with historic buildings where both the building fabric and the movable collection are vulnerable and where the management of the building is more or less professionalized. Examples of such buildings are palaces, churches and historic house museums, ranging from the large and complex to the small and simple. A key to a more sustainable management of these buildings is to understand how scientific knowledge related to indoor climate control can become usable for the professional practitioner. The thesis comprises six published papers introduced by a thesis essay. The papers reflect a progression both in terms of the research questions and the methodology. The first three papers outline the background needed for a technical understanding of the involved matters through an identification of key knowledge gaps. The three remaining papers use qualitative case studies to understand the nature of the gap between science and practice by paying more attention to the social aspects of decisions related to indoor climate control. Generally, the results of the thesis contribute to an expanded problem definition and to a better understanding of the gap between research and practice regarding energy efficient indoor climate control in historic buildings. It is shown how the specific social and material context is crucial for enabling or limiting a transition toward more sustainable ways of controlling the indoor climate. Furthermore it is discussed how uncertainty can be managed and communicated to support decisions, and suggestions are given for how decision processes regarding indoor climate control can be supported with improved standards to facilitate a more sustainable management. A conclusion for further research is that scientific knowledge alone will not be able to guide the transition to a sustainable, low carbon future; technical esearch has to be complemented with reflexive research approaches that explore the actual practices of heritage management.
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- Lundin, Sverker, 1975
(författare)
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Skolans matematik : En kritisk analys av den svenska skolmatematikens förhistoria, uppkomst och utveckling
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I argue that common beliefs regarding mathematics originate in the practices of elementary mathematics instruction rather than in science. While learning how to solve mathematical problems in school, we come to believe that mathematics has a set of properties in itself, for instance that it is useful in everyday life, even though this is not necessarily so. I call this object of belief the mathematics of schooling (skolans matematik), while the system of practices by which the belief is produced is called mathematics education (skolmatematik). I introduce a terminology inspired by psychoanalytic theory to describe the peculiar properties of the mathematics of schooling and suggest that it can be understood as a sublime object of an ideology propagated by the system of education. To substantiate this claim I give an overview of the history of Swedish mathematics education, based on curricula, textbooks, discussions in teacher magazines, and other published material – covering in general terms the eighteenth to the twenty-first century. The historical narrative moves between social factors determining the practices of mathematics education, the changing ideas about mathematics expressed in these contexts, and the interplay between external social factors and internal “ideological” meaning. My conclusion is that while elementary arithmetics is, and should be, a part of common knowledge, the mathematics of schooling is something quite different. This object is thoroughly ideological and plays a central part in society mainly by making the social effects of mathematics education – keeping children away from production while sorting them – to appear as something else, namely as most often failed attempts to give children a necessary knowledge of mathematics.
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| 10. |
- Lymer, Gustav, 1978
(författare)
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The work of critique in architectural education
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research reported here is an investigation of instruction and assessment in architectural education. The focus is on the practice of critique, an educational activity in which instructors and professional architects give students feedback on their finished projects. Taking an ethnomethodologically informed approach, the interests of the thesis revolve around questions of how critique is done as an occasioned instructional practice. The empirical material consists of video recordings of critique sessions at a Swedish school of architecture. The core of the thesis consists of four empirical studies. Study 1 deals with issues of professional vision and the ways in which the graphical surface of the presentation is seen. Study 2 addresses the significance of intentions in the setting. The study examines how the relation between students’ stated intentions and the presented designs is treated by participants. Study 3 deals with the use of precedents and references, analyzing how critics respond to students’ ways of handling intertextual aspects of architectural design. Study 4 focuses on the material and spatial set-up of critique—the differing affordances of digital slideshows and posters for presentation and discussion. Critique is found to be a site where architectural proposals are treated for the purposes of instruction as provisional and improvable, and where their significances are detailed in exhibitions of architectural reasoning and judgment. Such exhibiting involves identifying and elaborating on problems and qualities, and articulating values that are visible in the envisaged buildings and their graphical representations. These interpretations may be juxtaposed with the expressed intentions of students, as these appear in verbal presentations or in textual accounts. Their interrelations are inspected and discrepancies are noted and discussed. On the basis of the analyses in the thesis, the function of critique is argued to centre on the juxtaposition of student-produced objects with professional competences for seeing, articulating, assessing, and contextualizing these objects. In organizing the educational program around cycles of production and critique, architecture is provided with a powerful means through which design competences, and the assessment practices that lie at their core, can be made massively present within, and constitutive of, the developmental processes through which students acquire the intellectual, aesthetic, and discursive repertoires necessary for competent architectural work.
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