| 1. |
- Algers, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Mixed logit estimation of the value of travel time
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we use mixed logit specifications to allow parameters to vary in the population when estimating the value of time for long-distance car travel. Our main conclusion is that the estimated value of time is very sensitive to how the model is specified: we find that it is significantly lower when the coefficients are assumed to be normally distributed in the population, as compared to the traditional case when they are treated as fixed. In our most richly parameterised model, we find a median value of time of 57 SEK per hour, with the major part of the mass of the value of time distribution closely centred around the median value. The corresponding figure when the parameters are treated as fixed is 89 SEK per hour. Furthermore, our finding that the ratio of coefficients in a mixed logit specification differ significantly from the ones in a traditional logit specification is contrary to the results obtained by Brownstone & Train (1996) and Train (1997). Whether the ratios will differ or not depends on the model and the data generating process at hand.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Migrating Natives and Foreign Immigration : Is there a Preference for Ethnic Residential Homogeneity?
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the migration behavior of the native population following foreign (refugee) immigration, with a particular focus on examining whether there is support for an ethnically based migration response. If ethnicity is the mechanism driving the change in natives' migration behavior, our maintained hypothesis is that native-born individuals who are ethnically similar to arriving refugees should not change their migration behavior to the same extent as native-born individuals with native-born parents (who are ethnically quite different from refugees). Using rich geo-coded register data from Sweden, spanning over 20 consecutive years, we account for possible endogeneity problems with an improved so-called "shift-share" approach; in particular, our strategy combines policy-induced initial immigrant settlements with exogenous contemporaneous immigration as captured by refugee shocks. We find no evidence of neither native flight nor native avoidance when studying the full population. We do, however, find native flight among individuals who are expected to be more mobile, and within this group, we find that all natives, irrespective of their parents' foreign background, react similarly to increased immigration. Our results therefore indicate that preference for ethnically homogeneous neighborhoods may not be the dominant channel inducing flight. The estimates instead indicate that immigration leads to more socio-economically segregated neighborhoods. This conclusion may have implications for the ethnically based tipping point literature.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Vill Svensson bo med Svensson? : Effekter av flyktinginvandring på svenskföddas flyttbeteende
- 2018
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Invandringen till Sverige har gjort att befolkningen både ökat i storlek och fått en förändrad sammansättning. År 2018 är andelen utlandsfödda 18 procent, och under de senare årtiondena har ökningen i denna andel drivits främst av invandring från länder utanför Europa. I denna rapport studerar vi hur den ökade invandringen, och specifikt flyktinginvandringen, påverkat svenskföddas flyttbeteenden. Förutom att undersöka hur flyttbeteenden påverkas, analyserar vi även varför. Vi finner överlag väldigt små effekter på flyttbeteendet; vissa svenskfödda lämnar visserligen sitt grannskap till följd av ökad invandring, men nettoeffekten av ut- och inflyttningen är inte statistiskt skild från noll. Vidare finner vi att i den mån vissa svenskfödda flyttar, är det på grund av den förändrade socioekonomiska sammansättningen som följer av invandringen, snarare än en förändrad etnisk sammansättning. Med andra ord finner vi att ”rik och välutbildad” vill bo med ”rik och välutbildad” snarare än att ”Svensson vill bo med Svensson”.
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| 4. |
- Berg, Heléne, et al.
(författare)
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Post-WWI Military Disarmament and Interwar Fascism : Evidence from Sweden
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emergence of anti-democratic movements is a central puzzle to social science. We study a novel and rich dataset covering Swedish municipalities during the interwar years and find a strong link between the presence of a military garrison and the emergence of fascist parties. We interpret these results as suggesting that fascist mobilization in Sweden was driven by discontent with the process of disarmament brought about by democratization. By contrast, economic hard times, as captured by local poverty and the size of the tax base, seem to have little connection with such parties. We relate these results to influential theories of democratization.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Pål, et al.
(författare)
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Municipal labour demand : Sweden 1988-1995
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the determinants of municipal labour demand in Sweden 1988-1995. Utilising a major grant reform in 1993, through which a switch from mainly targeted to mainly general central government grants occurred, we are able to identify which type of grants that have the largest effects on municipal employment. We find a larger municipal employment elasticity with respect to grants before the reform, implying that the more freedom given to the municipalities, the less they seem inclined to spend on municipal employment. We further find (i) a short run wage elasticity of approximately -0.5 and a long run ditto of approximately -0.9, (ii) a quite sluggish adjustment process: only 60% of the desired change in municipal employment is implemented in the first year, (iii) that the demographic structure is an important determinant of municipal employment, and (iv) that the behavioural pattern is different in"socialist"municipalities.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Borge, Lars-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The intertemporal spending behavior of local governments : a comparative analysis of the Scandinavian countries
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper investigates the intertemporal spending behavior of Scandinavian local governments with particular attention to liquidity constraints imposed by balanced-budget-rules and other regulations. The main finding is that Danish local governments are more able to smooth current expenditures than their Norwegian and Swedish counterparts. Whereas the permanent-income hypothesis cannot be rejected for Denmark, it is in most cases rejected for Norway and Sweden. The Swedish system of market-based control and the Norwegian system of administrative control seem to produce similar results in terms of consumption smoothing.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bratu, Cristina, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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SNS Analys 86. Spridningseffekter av striktare invandringspolitik
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En striktare nationell migrationspolitik kan leda om migrationsströmmarna till länder med mer generösa regler. I denna rapport visar vipå förekomsten av sådana spridningseffekter genom att analysera hurstriktare regler för familjeåterförening i Danmark påverkar migrations-beteendet. Vi visar att skärpta regler för återförening ledde till en ökademigration till Sverige av danska invånare som påverkades av reformenoch att de faktiskt flyttade av skäl kopplade till familjeåterförening. Allastannade inte permanent i Sverige och en majoritet av de som senareemigrerade från Sverige återvände till Danmark. Våra resultat tyder påatt potentiella spridningseffekter av nationell migrationspolitik kan varabetydande och bör beaktas av beslutsfattare, särskilt i ett integreratekonomiskt område som Europeiska unionen. Annars kommersannolikt en »kapplöpning mot botten« (»race to the bottom«) iutformningen av migrationspolitiken att förverkligas.
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