| 1. |
- Bhattacharyya, Anirban, et al.
(författare)
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ESS RF Source and Spoke Cavity Test Plan
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report describes the test plan for the first high power RF source, ESS prototype double spoke cavity and ESS prototype cryomodule at the FREIA Laboratory.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Goryashko, Vitaliy, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Proposal for Design and Test of a 352 MHz Spoke RF Source
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- More than a dozen of spoke resonators prototypes (SSR, DSR, TSR) have been constructed and tested worldwide. None have accelerated beam until now and the ESS LINAC will be the first accelerator to operate with spoke cavities. Experience with other types of superconducting cavities indicates that high-power test is vital for reliable operation of the cavity in an accelerator. Although characteristics of a bare cavity can be obtained in a low-power test some important features of a `dressed' cavity like the electroacoustic stability and tuning system can be studied only in a high-power test stand. The ESS LINAC is a pulsed machine and the Lorentz detuning originating from the electromagnetic pressure on the cavity walls is expected to be strong. The Lorentz force along with the cavity sensitivity to mechanical excitations at some resonant frequencies may lead to self-sustained mechanical vibrations which make cavity operation dicult. Practical experience shows that increasing the boundary stiness will decrease the static Lorentz force detuning but not necessarily the dynamic one. Therefore, the FREIA group at Uppsala University is building a high-power test stand able to study performance of the ESS spoke cavity at high power. The RF test stand will be able to drive the cavity not only in the self-excitation mode but also with closed RF loop and fixed frequency. The later technique will be used to reproduce the shape of the cavity voltage pulse as it is expected to be in the cavity operating in the ESS LINAC such that the cavity tuning compensation system will be tested under realistic conditions.
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| 4. |
- Goryashko, Vitaliy, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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RF Power Consumption in the ESS Spoke LINAC : ESS TDR Contribution
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the ESS LINAC the transition energy between the DTL and the spoke LINAC was changed by adding the fourth DTL tank in order to match the spoke LINAC in terms of the velocity acceptance. We present calculation of the RF power required to be fed to each spoke cavity to achieve the nominal acceleration gradient. The RF power overhead needed to compensate the beam loading and the Lorentz detuning is calculated and the peak and average values of the total RF power are presented. Overhead in terms of the power averaged over the pulse is only a few percents whereas the peak power overhead can reach 20\% and lasts for around 200 microseconds. It turns out that the power overhead is mainly determined by the strong beam loading because of a high beam current whereas the Lorentz detuning is weak due to high stiffness of the spoke cavity and almost does not require extra power to the cavity. In our simulations the cavity voltage and phase are stabilized within nominal tolerances by feedback and feed-forward.A slow feed-forward is used to cure the Lorentzdetuning whereas a fast feedback through a signal oscillator is applied to compensate the beam loading effect.
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| 5. |
- Han, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Calibration procedure for RF test
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Precision measurements of quality factors of superconducting resonators are desired in the determination of ESS superconducting cavities. Components of the measurement setup, such as interconnecting cables and adapters, introduce variations in magnitude and phase that can mask the actual response of the device under test. In order to have an accurate measurement, calibration becomes the first and most important step. FREIA has developed a test stand based on a self-exited loop for demonstrating the performance of superconducting cavities at low power level. So far, a single spoke cavity Hélène and a double spoke cavity Germaine from IPNO have undergone a cold test with FREIA SEL. Several calibration procedures are studied in these tests. Similar test results as IPNO's previous test were obtained with the FREIA system, which means the accuracy control fulfills the requirements.This report presents the calibration procedure of the FREIA SEL test.
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| 6. |
- Jacewicz, Marek, et al.
(författare)
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Spectrometers for RF breakdown studies for CLIC
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 828, s. 63-71
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A e+e- collider of several TeV energy will be needed for the precision studies of any new physics discovered atthe LHC collider at CERN. One promising candidate is CLIC, a linear collider which is based on a two-beam acceleration scheme that efficiently solves the problem of power distribution to the acceleration structures. The phenomenon that currently prevents achieving highaccelerating gradients in high energy accelerators such asthe CLIC is the electrical breakdown at very high electrical field.The ongoing experimental work within the CLIC collaboration is trying to benchmark the theoretical models focusing on the physics of vacuum breakdown which is responsible for the discharges. In order to validate the feasibility of accelerating structures and observe the characteristics of the vacuum discharges and their eroding effects on the structure two dedicated spectrometers are now commissioned at the high-power test-stands at CERN. First, the so called Flashbox has opened up a possibility for non-invasive studies of the emitted breakdown currents during two-beam acceleration experiments. It gives an unique possibility to measure the energy of electrons and ions in combination withthe arrival time spectra and to put that in context with accelerated beam, which is not possible at any of the other existing test-stands.The second instrument, a spectrometer for detection of the dark and breakdown currents, is operated at one of the 12 GHz stand-alone test-stands at CERN. Built for high repetition rate operation it can measure the spatial and energy distributions of the electrons emitted from the acceleration structure during a single RF pulse. Two new analysis tools: discharge impedance tracking and tomographic image reconstruction, applied to the data from the spectrometer make possible for the first time to obtain the location of the breakdown inside the structure both in the transversal and longitudinal direction thus giving a more complete picture of the vacuum breakdown phenomenon.
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| 7. |
- Li, Han, et al.
(författare)
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First High Power Test of the ESS Double Spoke Cavity
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The first double spoke cavity for ESS project was tested with high power in the HNOSS cryostat at FREIA Laboratory. This cavity is designed for 325.21MHz, a pulse mode with 14 Hz repetition rate, up to peak power of 360 kW. The qualification of the cavity package in a high power test, involved a spoke superconducting cavity, a fundamental power coupler, LLRF system and a RF station, represented an important verification before the module assembly. This report presents the test configuration, RF conditioning history and first high power performance of this cavity package.
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| 8. |
- Li, Han, et al.
(författare)
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First High Power Test of the ESS High Beta Elliptical Cavity package
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The first high-beta elliptical cavity for ESS project was tested with high power in the HNOSS cryostat at FREIA Laboratory. This cavity is designed for 704.42 MHz, a pulse mode with 14 Hz repetition rate, up to peak power of 1.5 MW. The qualification of the cavity package in a high power test, involved an elliptical superconducting cavity, a fundamental power coupler, cold tuning system, LLRF system and klystron system, represented an important verification before the module assembly. This report presents the test configuration, RF conditioning history and first high power performance of this cavity package.
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| 9. |
- Li, Han, et al.
(författare)
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RF Performance of the spoke prototype cryomodule for ESS
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European spallation source (ESS), as a world-class high power proton accelerator facility, will be the first one to adopt 26 double spoke resonators (DSR) at its low energy section. As a new superconducting accelerating structure, these DSRs are therefore considered as a key technology and challenge of the whole project. They will be the first D SRs in the world to be commissionedfor a high power proton accelerator. As a milestone, the first DSR prototype cryomodule for ESS project was successfully tested at the FREIA Laboratory. In this qualification of the prototype cryomodule, the whole chain of RF station, RF distribution, fundamental power coupler (FPC), DSRs, cold tuning system (CTS) and low level radio frequency (LLRF) system, as well as the testing procedure have been verified on preparation for the industrialized cryomodules. Both cavities in the prototype cryomodule achieved nominal accelerating gradient, with the maximum gradient of 15 MV/m and 10.5 MV/m for cavity 1 and cavity 2 respectively. Based on the calorimetrical method, the dynamic heat load measurement showed that the cavity power consumption is around 0.5 W and therefore the intrinsic quality factor is consistent with the vertical test. This report presents the test configuration, RF conditioning history and first high power performance of this cryomodule.
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| 10. |
- Li, Han, et al.
(författare)
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RF Test of the ESS Double Spoke Cavity
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A bare spoke cavity has been tested at FREIA Laboratory with a Self-exited loop at low power level to confirm its vertical test performance at IPNO. Similar test results as IPNO's previous test were obtained with FREIA system. This report presents the details of each measurement.
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