| 1. |
- Boserup, Hans
(författare)
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Mikrostyring i mediation
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mediation encompasses processes with many faces and ideologies. Mediation has traditionally been based on internal processes within the individual such as emotions, needs, concerns, and interests. However, during the 1990s three styles were developed, which were not based on feelings, needs, concerns, or interests. These were systemic, transformative, and narrative mediation. Systemic mediation was until 1993 named the Haynes model and after 1993 the Milan model. In accordance with postmodern thinking, these three new styles were based on external processes between individuals such as interaction, communication, language and discourse, and where the earlier mediation processes worked from inside-out, the new processes worked from outside-in.The dissertation has examined the 1) ideological grounding of each of the three new styles with a special focus on the variety of degree of mediator influence (control) accepted by each of the individual styles. The dissertation identified ideological differences through 2) discourse analysis in order to identify particular discourses expressed by literature from and about the individual styles. The dissertation also examined to what extent the identified discourses could be found in the style’s practical implementation of ideology in the mediation process and how the particular discourses were put into practice. For this purpose mediation dialogues from each of the three styles were analysed by means of 3) conversation analysis normally performed on transcriptions of dialogues. Since the dissertation found that important data from, for example, body language do not surface through text analysis, the conversation analysis was supplemented by 4) acoustic phonetic sound and image analysis. The audio and visual sides of the dialogues demonstrated that the results of the text analysis occasionally had to be corrected because the interaction between the participants in mediation consists of more than just words.The results of the four types of analysis demonstrated that there were 1) major ideological differences between the styles, that these differences resulted in 2) rather different perceptions of best practice, that the differences lead to differences in 3) how much and how the mediator dominates the parties, that the mediator’s influence occurs both 4) open and hidden (micro dynamics), that the mediator’s influence not only depends on his choice of words, but that 5) also sound and body language reflect choice and strategy, and that the sound produced by the vocal tract 6) must be considered a part of the body language.When the three styles appear in very different processes, it is not a coincidence but rather a natural and predictable consequence of different goals and procedures. The systemic style emphasis on problem-solving, while the transformative emphasis on optimising the parties' dialogue by improving empowerment and recognition, and the narrative emphasis on improvement of the parties' relationship through modification of discourses and positioning. The three new styles make it appropriate (necessary) to learn a new vocabulary and new concepts when trying to understand the thinking behind the styles. The styles see the mediation process from three different angles.The systemic style considers the parties as systems that together (with the mediator) form a system and each of which are grounded in other systems. The systems are more interesting for the mediator than are their elements (for example the individuals). The inspiration for this angle derives from the Milan Group, whose psychiatric interventions were inspired by the biologists Maturana and Varela's recognition that the individual cell – and all the living – habitually forms closed systems only opening if the outside world can contribute to the system’s self-preservation – autopoietic. Therefore, the mediator’s first task is to open the parties' systems and to keep them open. Next, the mediator identifies the parties’ patterns and next options for altering patterns and assists a negotiation about these changes. The goal is to solve problems by considering as many parties as possible.The transformative style assumes that people solve problems on a daily basis without assistance and if assistance is required within the current dispute, it is because the level of the parties' empowerment and recognition had been too low at the time the disagreement broke into open conflict. If the mediator can raise the level of empowerment and recognition of the parties, the parties will – as in the past – become able to solve disagreements without assistance. When this happens, it is due to a sufficient level of empowerment and recognition leading to an optimisation of the dialogue of the parties. The goal is thus optimising the parties' dialogue.The narrative style assumes that people are living within stories (narratives) and that the way in which these narratives are shaped creates people's lives. When the parties' stories are incompatible, conflict breaks out. The same applies when the parties’ limiting positioning is not accepted by the positioned. Facts are simply stories that are accepted. The main reason why stories and positioning may be incompatible is that the discourses contained in the stories and in the positioning are incompatible. The goal of narrative mediation is thus changing the discourses and the positioning in order to make the parties compatible, leading to an improvement in the relationship of the parties. The goal is optimising the parties’ relationship.
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| 2. |
- Halskov, Gerd Anne, 1949-
(författare)
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Sygeplejerskeuddannelsen i Danmark : Reformforsøg, rekrutteringsmønstre og habituelle orienteringer
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation examines the recruitment to the nursing education in Denmark from 1850 but with emphasis on the years 1988-2001 during which a major reform was conceived and implemented. Pursuant to that reform, in 2001 the nursing education was given the status of a Bachelor’s Degree Program in Nursing. The aim of the dissertation is to determine the effects – if any – of this development on the recruitment profile and on the objective position of the nursing education in the field of advanced education in Denmark and whether there are polarizations and/or regularities in young peoples’ approach to the nursing education homologous with socio-cultural constellations.The dissertation draws theoretical inspiration from sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, with emphasis on Bourdieu’s reproduction theory and praxeology. The empirical basis for the dissertation consists of formal documents defining the nursing education since the first law on authorized nurses was passed in 1933 until The Executive Order regarding the nursing education in 2001. These documents form the basis for an objectifying analysis of the institutional, structural and education policy conditions that historically formed the framework for the shaping and content of the nursing educations. The historical background contributes to a contextualization of the analyses carried out concerning changes in recruitment patterns and students’ social positioning since nursing was established as an occupation. The analysis of recruitment patterns builds mainly on a survey carried out in 2004/5 covering a class of students from five nursing schools in Denmark (a third of the total population).The dissertation shows that the 2000/2001 reform did not lead to a fundamental change in ranking in the academic hierarchy. Although social recruitment to the nursing profession moved “upward”, seen over a longer period, the analyses showed that the nursing education as a whole, also after the 2001 reform, mainly attracted young women from “lower” positions in the social space than those from which university students were recruited. The dissertation furthermore shows how students’ social background and acquired dispositions can generate a basic habitual orientation that may have a determining influence on the way they orient themselves in relation to the education and occupation.
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| 3. |
- Horneman Hansen, Lise
(författare)
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Jysk -de-bõjning : En undersõgelse af svag præteritumbõjning : an investigation of weak preterite forms
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, an investigation of past tense conjugation of weak verbs in traditional Jutland dialects is undertaken. The past tense endings in focus are those which do not correspond with the -ede-ending or the -te-ending known from Standard Danish, but which correspond with the endings -de, -the, -(d)de known from Medieval Danish. In the thesis these are called the -de-endings or the -de-conjugation. In Standard Danish these endings are relics, as only seven verbs in Standard Danish have a -de-ending. For the purpose of this investigation a database consisting of about 3,600 occurrences of about 400 different verbs has been set up. The material has been excerpted from 20 different sources of traditional Jutland dialects. The thesis consists of a description of the past tense forms in Medieval Danish, Standard Danish, and the Jutland dialects. After identification of the Jutland endings, there follows a description of the geographical distribution, and finally there is a perspective view of the neighbouring dialects and languages. The investigation shows that the connection with the Medieval Danish conjugation system is obvious; the -de-endings in Jutland dialects occur in the same verbs as in Medieval Danish, namely after verbs with stem ending in a voiced consonant or vowel. And the Jutland past tense forms correspond historically with the Medieval Danish forms too. The -de-endings occur both after native verbs and verbs borrowed from Low German. The Low German verbs with -de-conjugation show that the -de-conjugation must have been productive at the time of borrowing. Most of the Jutland past tense -de-forms can be explained as result of sound changes, but there are also some cases where the explanation must be analogy.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Nørholm, Morten, 1960-
(författare)
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Om den sociale og symbolske funktion af uddannelsesevalueringer : konstruktionen af et objekt
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Afhandlingens teoretiske udgangspunkt er hos Émile Durkheim, Pierre Bourdieu, Ulf P. Lundgren, Staf Callewaert, det konkrete er en række evalueringer af uddannelser til (semi)professioner inden for sundhedssektoren. I afhandlingen konstrueres den sociale og symbolske funktion af uddannelsesevalueringer. I sin tur konstrueres det som benævnes normal evalueringsforskning, som en symbolsk nødvendig del af det videnskabelige objekt uddannelsesevaluering. Uddannelsesevalueringer med tilhørende normal evalueringsforskning - samt de uddannelser som evalueres - konstrueres som del af et socialt sorteringsredskab til reproduktion af en eksisterende social orden som i næste omgang henter sin legitimitet i en forskning der - trods administrativt allokeret eksternt i forhold til evalueringerne og det som evalueres - udgør en ikkeautonom del af et administrativt felt, magtens felt.
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| 6. |
- Nørholm, Morten, 1960-
(författare)
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Om den sociale og symbolske funktion af uddannelsesevalueringer : Konstruktionen af et objekt
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ph.d.-afhandlingen handler om evalueringer, om evalueringer af uddannelse med et fokus og perspektiv som er begrænset til en afdækning af forhold om evalueringer, til en formulering af en teori om evalueringer. I afhandlingens analyser og diskussioner anvendes teorier af Émile Durkheim, Pierre Bourdieu, Ulf P. Lundgren og Staf Callewaert. Det empiriske materiale består af otte evalueringsrapporter vedr. uddannelser til (semi)professioner inden for et medicinsk felt, af forskellige tekster om evaluering samt af dominante eksempler på dansk normal evalueringsforskning. I afhandlingen konstrueres den sociale og symbolske funktion af uddannelsesevalueringer. I næste omgang konstrueres det som benævnes normal evalueringsforskning, som en symbolsk nødvendig del af det videnskabelige objekt uddannelsesevaluering. Uddannelsesevalueringer med tilhørende normal evalueringsforskning - samt de uddannelser som evalueres - konstrueres som del af et socialt sorteringsredskab til reproduktion af en eksisterende social orden som i næste omgang henter sin legitimitet i en forskning der - trods administrativt allokeret eksternt i forhold til evalueringerne og det som evalueres - udgør en ikkeautonom del af et administrativt felt, magtens felt.
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| 7. |
- Olsen, Jørn Henrik
(författare)
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Kristus i tropisk Afrika : I spændingsfeltet mellem identitet og relevans
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The title of this thesis is Christ in Tropical Africa - in the Tension Between Identity and Relevance. Within a few years Africa will be the greatest Christian continent, and African Christianity will then no longer see itself as a mere continuation of Western Christianity. On the threshold of the 21st Century, this insight challenges Christian theology and missiology which have for a long time answered the helm of the Western missionary movements. This contribution to the scholarly debate on cultural and religions identity issues deals with the question how the recent development ought to be integrated in a systematic reflection, and how Africans - especially African theologians - themselves attempt to highlight the necessity of a relevant and authentic African Christianity and theology.The post-colonial and partly post-missionary era has resulted in a sense of departure and transition which has created space for a renewed and adjusted conception of the question of identity. This dissertation present a critical discourse on African themes and questions concerning identity issues in the perspectives of studies in the areas of theology, anthropology, philosophy, and religion. The discourse shows the complexity of what is called identity, africanity etc. and threw critical light on a tendency of making generalizations and constructions. Dangers of constructions of which Christian African theologians have not always been sufficiently conscious. The interdisciplinary perspective of this study is widening the question of identity while it still constitutes a hermeneutical key to understand the concerns of Christian theology in the tropical part of Africa.African theology is situated in the tension between identity and relevance. This become obvious in African christological proposals. The thesis put a critical test question to the theologians who have contributed with new Christ-titles and -models: Have they both managed to give grounds for the significance of christology for human freedom and identity (the relevance of christology), and at the same time secured the continuity and agreement with the original theological content of christology (the identity of christology in the New Testament)? The question can only partly be answered affirmatively. In some cases the actual understanding of life and conception of reality in a certain context provides the decisive criterion in the interpretation of Biblical concepts and christological titles. This creates hermeneutic problems which are dealt with in the close of the thesis.
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| 8. |
- Óskarsson, Veturliði
(författare)
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Middelnedertyske låneord i islandsk diplomsprog frem til år 1500
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main aim of this dissertation is to examine and throw light on occurrences and use of loanwords of Middle Low German (MLG) origin in Icelandic deeds of the period c. 1200-1500, and at the same time to test my hypothesis that the MLG influence on the Nordic languages in Scandinavia reached Iceland by the first half of the 14th century, i.e. earlier than is often supposed. For this purpose all Icelandic deeds and letters (conveyance contracts, bills of sale, receipts, marriage settlements, wills etc.), as well as lists of inventory in Icelandic churches and convents and a few other texts from the period c. 1200-1500, have been investigated for instances of loanwords. The result is 1,150-1,200 words and word-forms, of which over 600 (c. 310 stems) originate from or have been conveyed through MLG, or are formed from MLG words. The investigation has been as encompassing as possible. Altogether about 2,600-2,800 word-instances were recorded. The study only partly confirms the above mentioned working hypothesis. Certainly, a number of words from MLG appear already early in the 14th century, and a few in deeds and other documents dated to the 13th century. Most of those words are, however, not fully representative of the actual influence of the language of the German Hansa-merchants. The oldest examples are from statutes of bishops and archbishops from about 1270 and onwards. In lists of inventory, MLG words begin to appear early in the 14th century. In deeds, letters and other documents such words appear sporadically also in the early 14th century, but do not become frequent until in the late second half of the century and in the 15th century. MLG words in the statutes are to a high degree ecclesiastical-religious (abstract); in lists of inventory they are to a high degree ecclesiastical-terminological (concrete); in other documents they are to a high degree secular (abstract and concrete) and have much to do with administration, commerce, negotiation etc. The words almost always enter present word classes in Icelandic, they are given Icelandic inflectional endings, and uncertainty as to which gender they take is very rare. New affixes are few, and they occasionally merge with domestic ones. Phonological and phonotactic changes seem to be minimal. Parallels to the main part of the Icelandic words are found in Old and Middle Norwegian, as well as in Old Danish, Older Modern Danish and Old Swedish. The main part of the Norwegian parallel examples are found in Norwegian deeds, charters and other official or semi-official documents. Many of the words are also found in other Old Icelandic texts, mainly in sagas of bishops, chivalric literature and different ecclesiastical and semi-ecclesiastical texts. Most of those are no doubt from the 14th century, but some are older, even from the early 13th century, or maybe with roots even in the 12th century. Those last mentioned often exist only or partially in altered and revised versions of uncertain age, so examples of MLG words in them can not without reservation be taken as evidence of great age and originality in the text in question. The words are without doubt predominantly borrowed through Norwegian and, from the end of the 14th century, from Danish.
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| 9. |
- Rossil, Helen, 1971-
(författare)
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Kingotone og brorsonsang – folkelig salmesang i Danmark : Fra salmebøger og lydindspilninger
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation investigates folk hymn singing traditions in Denmark in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, which are rooted in the congregational singing from times of the Reformation. The melodic and vocal style of these traditions are closely connected to the hymnals of Thomas Kingo (1634–1703) and Hans Adolph Brorson (1694–1764). The folk hymn singing mainly thrived in environments of revivalism. The traditions were transmitted until modern times, where five musicologists made audio recordings with the groups of people who could still sing in the old style. The dissertation draws on theory in the intersection of hymnology – with emphasis on the hymnals and the liturgy - and ethnomusicology – with emphasis on music as practice, agency, memory, and experience. In this interdisciplinary field, issues of hymnal-culture and audio recording are investigated. The dissertation explores four cases of Kingo- and Brorson singing, developing a method that combines the diachronic axis of the analysis, which explores processes of tradition and memory, with a synchronic axis that explores the social and religious interaction of participatory singing at a given moment of time. The study especially focuses on the way in which the singers vocally and musically experience and embody the social and confessional community, first of all in terms of the texture of the singing. The dissertation identifies features of unison, of heterophony and of dense textures. The study also investigates how the musical experience can stimulate not only community, but also conflicts in the relationship to others. The dissertation concludes that the study of sounding music can lead to new views on history, and that Danish history of song culture is more multifacetted than is commonly known.
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