| 2. |
- Shmidt, Mayya, et al.
(författare)
-
Nostalgic Consumption: Sociological Analysis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Institutional Studies. - : Humanities Perspectives Limited. - 2076-6297 .- 2412-6039. ; 8:2, s. 120-133
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presented paper focuses on the phenomena of «commercialization of nostalgia» which is defined as the use of Soviet attributes, symbols and artefacts in promotion and branding of contemporary market goods. What can be evident for any observer and what was highlighted by Russian scholars is that Soviet stylistics gain popularity within contemporary gastronomy. Authors make an attempt to answer, why do consumers tend to return to the Soviet heritage and how does “nostalgia proneness” emerges. Process of consumption is socially constructed and could not be reduced to individual acts of purchase, since individual choice depends on institutional context. Evolved as a result of combination of institutional factors, consumer habits turn into «behavioral lock-in». Producers have to adapt consumers needs – it is especially significant for new participants in the established market niche. Interdisciplinarity of social sciences makes it possible to operationalize contradictory concepts of memory, past and nostalgia. Gastronomy transfer basic cultural attitudes. Within post-Soviet Russian context it becomes commemorable. By mapping the previous research in the scope of nostalgic consumption as well as conceptualizing the ideas of memory and nostalgia, authors state that the phenomenon should not be reduced to a simple study of the "meanings" and "practices", since these local phenomena are symptoms of broader social and political processes.
|
|
| 3. |
- Shmidt, Mayya
(författare)
-
The Sharing Economy and Social Capital : The Fictional Expectations of Sociality in a Time Bank
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Mir Rossii - Universe of Russia - МИР РОССИИ. - : National Research University, Higher School of Economics (HSE). - 1811-038X .- 1811-0398. ; 30:4, s. 128-155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article looks at time banking – a system of exchange in which people trade services with one another using time instead of money as currency. Time banking is framed from a social work perspective as a social innovation that contributes to poverty alleviation and increasing inclusion. However, most such organizations fail to institutionalize as care providers and fail within the first three years. In this paper, I discuss a rare success story—a time bank in Nizhny Novgorod, the fourth largest city in Russia—which has been functioning for over 15 years and positioned itself as a non-charitable organization. I engage with sharing economy studies—a growing but ambiguous field—to explain the success of the time bank in Nizhny Novgorod. Research in the sharing economy has mostly concentrated on two extreme cases: business-to-customer operations or grassroots communities practicing radical alternatives to market exchange. The case studies have been united by an assumption that sharing economy organizations would generate social capital. However, there has been limited evidence to support this claim. In this article, I aim to test this hypothesis and explore whether the informal networks, norms of reciprocity and trust that are fostered among members of the Nizhny Novgorod time bank are the factors that explain the sustainability of this association. The study is informed by 22 in-depth interviews with the gatekeepers and members of this community. In the interviews, I paid attention to the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and the structure of their social capital; the characteristics of the mode of exchange practiced in the community (the volume, direction, and range of services, the relatedness to professional activities and other spheres of life); their value set and worldview (egalitarianism, altruism, justice); and indicators of generalized trust. Results revealed that time bankers do not tend to create strong and sustainable relationships outside of the framework of the exchange. I put forward the following explanatory hypothesis: the calculativeness of time bankers, the market-driven valuations of ‘egalitarian’ service exchange and a unilateral attitude to the exchange are in conflict with a longing for Gemeinschaft—a community with strong bonding interdependence based on the norms of mutuality. This association failed to provide the conditions for generalized trust to emerge. The attempt to simultaneously create a tightly bonded community, but still answer the needs of the digital age resulted in a pastiche of a sharing economy platform. Beyond the case at hand, this study theorizes the rhetoric and reality of the sharing economy by summarizing the grounds for the expectations of generating social capital and explains why certain expectations could not be met.
|
|
