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- Abrahamsson, Gun, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Problemlösningsarbete på låg organisatorisk nivå : Två studier om implementering respektive konkretisering av idéer om kundorderstyrd tillverkning
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The two studies reported in this thesis are about problem solving at a low organisational level in an organisational unit in a Swedish manufacturing company, which has adopted ideas of World Class Manufacturing. In the first study, we analyse, from an organisational learning perspective, the implementation of the well-known concept Continuous Improvement at shop-floor level and how management accounting may facilitate or impede improvement work. A case study was conducted in two workgroups in one production unit for about seven months. In one of the groups, management accounting facilitated improvement work with high organisational scope and, in the other group, impeded the organisational scope. Our conclusion is that management accounting may facilitate a high organisational scope by supporting the leadership style, stressing co-operation, dialog and participation, or, by the way the manager uses management accounting, make boundaries distinct between groups of employees and between departments, and therefore impede improvements with high organisational scope. In the second study, we analyse, from a rule-based behavioural perspective, how ideas of World Class Manufacturing are institutionalised in cross-functional problem solving at a low organisational level. A case study was carried out in two cross-functional weekly group meetings for about nine months. Problems raised and solutions decided followed a repeated pattern. The actors draw on instrumental rules, which can be described as technical as well as economic. We concluded that ideas of World Class Manufacturing were institutionalised as different variants of World Class Manufacturing in the different functions at a low organisational level. At the meetings, contradictory instrumental rules were activated by the functions and treated according to interaction rules. Two overall patterns of action, articulated the two main interaction rules guiding actors in how to treat contradictory ideas of World Class Manufacturing.
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AI och Robotar på 30 Sekunder : de 50 viktigaste idéerna och innovationerna inom intelligent maskinutveckling, var och en förklarad på en halv minut
- 2019
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Kan en intelligent maskin tänka? Hur kommer robotar att se ut i framtiden? Vad betyder ”djup maskininlärning”? Har det uppstått en klyfta mellan de människor som förstår sig på ny teknik och de som är rädda för den? Är det möjligt att människor och intelligenta maskiner kommer att förenas till en ny art? I AI och robotar på 30 sekunder hittar du svaren på dessa frågor och mycket mer. De 50 mest betydelsefulla upptäckterna inom utvecklingen av intelligenta maskiner presenteras i korta, lättillgängliga texter. Är du det minsta nyfiken på den teknologiska revolution som håller på att omskapa hela vår tillvaro har du hittat rätt bok. Den är en mångsidig vägvisaresom hjälper dig att navigera i den nya automatiserade verkligheten med ständigt närvarande datorer, smarta hem och städer och robotkolleger. Bokens redaktör Luis de Miranda är filosof och idéhistoriker och forskar om samspelet mellan människor och robotar, digital kultur och teknikens allt viktigare roll i vårt dagliga liv. För närvarande arbetar han med AI och digital humaniora vid Örebro universitet.
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| 4. |
- Alexanderson, Karin, 1952-
(författare)
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Vilja, kunna, förstå : om implementering av systematisk dokumentation för verksamhetsutveckling i socialtjänsten
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to analyse conditions that either promote or hamper the implementation of methods for systematic documentation, follow-up and evaluation in social-work services with individuals and families. The theoretical framework consists of organization theories. Human Service Organizations (HSO) theory is complemented with concepts from the new institutionalism, domain theory, implementation theory, and theory about interventions.A concrete case, a project has been studied. The purpose of project was to implement methods for systematic documentation in public social services. With the notation “integrated” is meant that the methods should be built in and adjusted to the social-work practice. The methods were ASI (Addiction Severity Index) and IUS (a locally based model for integrated evaluation by inspiration from Göran Sandell).Data has been captured in a pretest/ posttest design (Marlow 2000). This means that “state of things” has been described before the intervention and after. The methods used were surveys and interviews (individual and group). The process has been documented through research notes proceeding records, protocols and some diaries written by social workers. Four municipalities from the middle of Sweden took part with five working groups. Two groups contained social workers acting with children and families and three groups were working with drug abusers. The population consisted of the social workers, the managers responsible for the individual and family entities, the politicians and the clients who were affected during the time of the project.The implementation of ASI and IUS has not occurred in the extent that was stated in the intervention theory. This means that ASI and IUS were not used in all new cases that occurred during the time of the project. The interviews supposed to be done in the beginning of the clients contact with the agency tended to be done more often than the follow-up interviews. After the project ended, three of five working groups decided to continue to use ASI (one group) and IUS (two groups). The overall impression is that the respondents comprehend, they have the willingness but they do not have the capability of using ASI and IUS. The organization does not seem to have the capacity of imposing requirements and giving resources. The outcomes do not seem to be the most important issue for the social services. These conditions are discussed in the study by means of the theoretical concepts. In the end, there is an effort to adjust the implementation theory to human service organizations.
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| 5. |
- Almqvist, Jonas, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Pragmatiska studier av meningsskapande
- 2008
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Ingår i: Utbildning och Demokrati. - 1102-6472 .- 2001-7316. ; 17:3, s. 11-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim of the article is to present a pragmatic approach for studies of meaning-making used in the articles of this issue. The approach, which is developed within the SMEDgroup (Studies of Meaning-making in Educational Discourses), mainly builds on the writings of John Dewey, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Michel Foucault. A common ambition for the researchers in SMED is to enable studies and discussions on questions concerning how meanings are made in people’s actions. Another ambition is to carry out these studies beyond assumptions of dualism, essentialism, causality and determinism. In this perspective learning and socialization are viewed in a communicative perspective. We argue in the article that our approach makes it possible, and important, to study meaning-making in action in different kinds of educational practices.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Helen, 1968-
(författare)
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TV:s nyhetsprogram som interaktion
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last third of the 20th century, Swedish public and social life underwent an informalization process. The television news programmes today display the results of this development (and other trends) involving more dramaturgic variation, interactive elements, informalization and "cosiness".This thesis deals with interaction in television news from a viewer's point of view. The general purpose of the work has been to investigate the newsanchor's interaction with the viewers, the colleagues and the studio guests. The aim has been to describe the characteristic features of this interaction by using analytical tools from interactional sociolinguistics, particulary those concerning contextualization cues.The material consists of 11.5 hours of videotaped studio talk from three different news programmes (Aktuellt, Nyheterna and Tvärsnytt) during 1997–1998. The material– transcribed in extenso–is limited to the verbal and non-verbal activity of the newsreaders in four interactional situations: the newsreaders' monological quasi-interaction with the viewers, handovers, interviews with colleagues and with guests.The pervasive idea of the thesis is that news programmes can been seen as dramas in which the participants play certain roles. By using a number of devices, the participants enact these roles before the eyes of the viewers. The interaction can therefore be seen as an act performed for the benefit of the viewers. The theorethical basis for the dissortation is Goffman's ideas about participation structure (animator, author, principal, authorized and unauthorized listener), self-presentation, and framing. Of great importance is also Gumperz' notion of contextualization.The investigation shows that the newsreader uses a variety of contextualization cues and lets verbal and non-verbal means interplay to make contact with the viewers, e.g. you-pronouns, smiles, greetings and reminders. The interaction on the screen also displays an hierarchical order–the newsanchor steers the others' contributions. He/she also assigns to colleagues and guests different interactional roles. The reporter may alternately play the role of eyewitness, expert, analyst/speculator and commentator. The guest is called in to act either as expert, confrontation target, analyst/commentator, or representative.
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| 9. |
- Arneback, Emma, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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En skola i integration? Lärdomar från Örebro kommuns arbete med styrd skolintegration
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skolsegregationens negativa konsekvenser har på senare år kommit alltmer i fokus. Den här rapporten har studerat Örebro kommuns arbete med integration och måluppfyllelse vid kommunens skolor, och då specifikt nedläggningen av högstadiet på Vivallaskolan och dess omorganisering till fyra anvisningsskolor i kommunen under 2017–2020.Forskarna har följt arbetet på de fyra skolorna under två och ett halvt års tid och intervjuat 128 personer: elever, lärare, skolpersonal, skolledning, politiker och tjänstemän – tillsammans bildar de en väv av röster som beskriver från en rad olika perspektiv hur omorganiseringen av Vivallaskolan har uppfattats och vilka effekter det har fått på olika nivåer.Rapporten visar på både möjligheter och utmaningar att lära av, och genom det kastar den ljus över vilka processer som har bidragit till minskad segregation, samt ökad integration och måluppfyllelse. I en förlängning kan kunskap om dessa processer komma att gynna alla elevers lärande och utveckling.
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