| 1. |
- Andersson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Analys av polisens alkoholutandningsprov i fem län åren 2001-2003
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The extent and results of the police breathalyser tests in Stockholm, Västerbotten, Östergötland, Skåne and Västra Götaland Counties over the period 2001-2003 have been analysed. The primary aim is to uncover and describe shortcomings in existing data, not to estimate the extent of drink driving. The analysis has been made with reference to the codes applied by the police to describe the type of control at which the test was made. These codes are - 0) Police initiated driver control - 1) "Random" control (not random in the strict statistical sense) - 2) Control because of a road traffic accident - 3) Targeted control (e.g. at strategically selected points such as shops selling alcoholic drinks) - 4) Other codes - It is mainly the breathalyser tests coded by the police as 0, 1 and 3 that are examined in the analysis. The other codes appear very rarely in the controls made.
|
|
| 2. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Barn i bil - socioekonomiska faktorer : litteratur- och enkätstudie
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the study was to identify relationships between no use/misuse of safety belt/child restraints and socio-economic aspects. The conclusions from the study will provide a basis for the future development of information and campaigns to increase the correct use of restraints. The study consisted of two parts: a literature review and a questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 2,010 parents of children aged 2 months–9 years. The response rate was about 70 per cent. The level of misuse among small children was lower than among older children and lower in the family car compared with the overall situation. Parents who neglected to use the safety belts themselves were more likely to be careless in ensuring that the child used recommended restraint. The results also indicated that parents who were more likely to act in contradiction with rules and recommendation concerning use of restraints were also more likely to allow their children to travel without safety belts.
|
|
| 3. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Child safety in cars : Literature review
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to study child safety in cars, international literature was reviewed with respect to road vehicle transportation for children, with the focus being on the age up to 12 years. The review included literature in English and Swedish. Furthermore, the review was limited to focus on results from Australia, the U.K., the USA and Sweden. To ensure that all children are protected as passengers in cars, several aspects needed to be considered.Within this study, the focus was, hence, on legal aspects and recommendations, traffic fatalities and serious injuries, the safety consequences for children due to the car development (airbags (SRS) and installation systems), use and misuse of child restraint systems (CRS) regarding medical, technical and user aspects, measurements for improvements, e.g. campaigns and, finally, children with disabilities. The review focused mainly on literature from 1990 until today. The main conclusions were that:Available statistics show that rearward facing CRS is a good preventive measure to take for enhancement of traffic safety.Impacts from the in-safety development of cars on choosing and mounting safety devices for children were found to be a crucial issue.Children exposed to an airbag deployment can be fatally injured, despite being seated in an approved child restraint system.In Sweden and the U.K. the level of child restraint usage among infants and small children was found to be at least 95% in the front seat and approximately at the same level in the rear seat. Even though the levels of usage in several countries were high, the level of misuse was alarmingly high (90%).The road transportation of children with disabilities was found to be complex and insufficiently described in the literature.
|
|
| 4. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
An analysis of cyclists' speed at combined pedestrian and cycle paths
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 20:sup3, s. 56-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In Sweden, cyclists, pedestrians, and moped riders share the space on combined pedestrian and cycle paths, and their speeds may differ greatly. As a starting point, this article studies the speed component and how cyclists' speed varies at pedestrian and cycle paths depending on the day, week, and year; road user composition; and road design.Methods: Three data sources were used: 1) Existing measurements of cycle speed and flow at 17 sites in 3 different Swedish municipalities; 2) complementary measurements of cycle speed and flow at 5 sites; and 3) roadside observations of bicycle types at these 5 new sites.Results: The average speed of cyclists on the paths varied between 12.5 and 26.5 km/h. As expected, the lower average speeds were found in uphill directions, near intersections, and on paths with high pedestrian flows. The higher speeds were found in downhill directions and on commuter routes. In all, 70%-95% of road users observed on pedestrian and cycle paths were cyclists, and 5%-30% were pedestrians. The 2 sites with the highest proportion of electric-assisted bicycles and racer bicycles also had the highest average speeds.Conclusions: The relationship between bicycle type and measured speed was not entirely clear, but the results suggest that paths with higher proportions of electric and racer bicycles have higher average speeds. There also appears to be a connection between average speed and the width of the distribution; that is, the higher the average speed, the wider the speed distribution. More research is needed on how speed levels and speed variance affect accident risk.
|
|
| 5. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cyclists’ speeds : field obervations and measurements
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 7th International Cycling Safety Conference, ICSC2018, 10-11 October 2018, Bacelona, Spain.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding of cyclists’ speed on pedestrian and cycle paths and to understand how cyclists adapt their speed to other road users and the surrounding environment. The paper is based on a study where three different data sources were used: existing measurements of cycle speed and flow in three different Swedish municipalities, Eskilstuna, Linköping and Stockholm (19 sites); new measurements of cycle speed and flow in Linköping (4 sites) and Stockholm (1 site); and road side observations of bicycle types at these five sites.The average speed of cyclists on the paths varied between 15 and 25 kilometres per hour. As expected, the lower average speeds were found in uphill directions, near intersections and on paths with high pedestrian flows. The higher speeds were found in downhill directions and on commuter routes. In all, 70–95 percent of the road users observed on pedestrian and cycle paths were cyclists while 5–30 percent were pedestrians. The most common type of bicycle used was a comfort bike, followed by a trekking bike. Electric assisted bicycles and racer bikes occurred at all sites, with a proportion of 1–10 percent and 1–15 percent, respectively. The relationship be-tween bicycle type and measured speed was not entirely clear, but the paths with higher pro-portions of electric and racer bikes generally had higher speeds. There also appears to be a con-nection between average speed and the width of the distribution – the higher the average speed, the wider the speed distribution. More research is needed on how this affects the accident risk.
|
|
| 6. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cyklisters hastigheter : Kartläggning, mätningar och observation
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På gång- och cykelvägar blandas många olika trafikanter med skilda hastighetsanspråk. Skillnader i hastighet skulle kunna vara en orsak till brister i samspel trafikanterna emellan och till att incidenter och olyckor uppstår. Syftet med detta projekt är att få ökad kunskap om cyklisters hastigheter på gång- och cykelvägar och förståelse för hur cyklisterna anpassar hastigheten till omgivande trafikanter och trafikmiljö. Tre olika typer av data har använts: Hastighet och cykelflöde från tidigare mätningar i kommunerna Eskilstuna, Linköping och Stockholm på totalt 18 platser; hastighet och cykelflöde i Linköping (4 platser) och Stockholm (1 plats) från nya mätningar; observationer avseende typ av cyklar vid dessa fem platser. Utöver detta har vi också sammanställt några utvalda referenser.Data visar att cyklisternas medelhastighet på utvald sträcka varierar mellan 15 och 25 kilometer i timmen. Som väntat förekommer de lägre medelhastigheterna i uppförsbacke, vid närhet till korsning och vid stort fotgängarflöde medan de högre framför allt märks i nedförsbacke och på pendlingsstråk. Vi kan inte påvisa någon generell ökning av cyklisternas hastighet i ett längre tidsperspektiv, vare sig i medelhastighet eller andel cyklister som håller högre fart än 30 kilometer i timmen. Däremot har cykelflödet ökat på många platser. Det innebär att antalet cyklister som håller en hög hastighet, exempelvis över 30 kilometer i timmen, ökar, även om inte andelen ökar. Detta kan felaktigt uppfattas som ökade medelhastigheter. Ungefär 70–95 procent av de trafikanter som observerades på gång- och cykelvägarna var cyklister och cirka 5–30 procent var fotgängare. En ytterst liten andel var mopedister, endast 0,2 procent. Komfortcykeln var den vanligast förekommande typen av cykel, följt av trekkingcykel. Elcykel förekom på alla platser, men i varierande omfattning från 1 till 10 procent. Racercykel förekom också på alla platser, mellan 1–15 procent. Sambandet mellan typen av cykel och hastighetsanspråk är inte helt entydigt, men resultaten stöder påståendet att cyklister på elcykel och racercykel har högre hastighetsanspråk.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Forsman, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Alkohol och droger i trafiken : var står vi idag?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - Stockholm : Socialmedicinsk tidskrift. - 0037-833X .- 2000-4192. ; 89:6, s. 471-479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rattfylleri är ett av de största trafiksäkerhetsproblemen i Sverige. I den här artikeln ges en översikt över den senaste tidens forskning vad gäller problemets omfattning, attityder till att köra rattfull och de åtgärder som erbjuds. Genomgången, som avser svenska förhållanden, visar att vi har mer kunskap om rattfylleri med avseende på alkohol än med avseende på droger. Forskningen visar att alkoholrattfylleri är ett större trafiksäkerhetsproblem än drograttfylleri men att även drograttfylleri är förenat med stora risker. Det är därför viktigt att förbättra kunskapen om droger i trafiken. Det är också viktigt att beakta att det bakom många rattfylleribrott finns människor med missbruksproblem och att rehabilitering därför bör ingå som en del av trafiksäkerhetsarbetet.
|
|
| 9. |
- Forsman, Åsa, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Drink drivers' views of a voluntary alcohol interlock program for drink driving offenders in Sweden
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A permanent alcohol interlock program was introduced in Sweden in 2012. The program is voluntary and makes it possible for drivers that are apprehended by the police to keep their driver’s license if they install an alcohol interlock in their vehicle. The Swedish Transport Agency is responsible for the program and it applies to all types of driver’s licenses. The duration of the program is one or two years, depending on the severity of the drink driving offence. A previous study showed that about 30 percent of all drivers that had their license withdrawn due to drink driving applied for and was granted participation in the program, 10 percent were assigned to the one-year program and 20 percent to the two-year program. Moreover, the age groups 35–44, 45–54 and 55–64 have the highest participation rates (in relation to the total number of drink drivers), about 35 percent, while the youngest (≤24) and oldest (≥75) have participation rates of about 20 and 10 percent, respectively.The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge of the drink drivers’ views of the program, both participants and those who chose not to participate. More specifically, we were interested in why they have chosen or not chosen to participate in the program and their views on the application process, doctor visits and the handling of the interlocks. We also wanted to know if their health and drinking habits had changed after the drink driving offence.
|
|
| 10. |
- Forsman, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Förekomst av droger och läkemedel i trafik i Sverige : resultat från EU-projektet DRUID
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The prevalence of illicit drugs and medicines in the driving population, i.e. among drivers on the road, was 2.5 per cent between the years 2006 and 2011 in Sweden. The prevalence of alcohol, illicit drugs and medicines among drivers killed in traffic the same years was 31.2 per cent. In comparison with other countries in the EU project DRUID, Sweden has the highest proportion of negative results, i.e. drivers without the presence of alcohol, drugs or medicine. This applies to both drivers on the road and drivers killed in traffic.The studies that form the basis of this report have been performed within the project DRUID - Driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicine, which is a project within the EU's Sixth Framework Programme, which lasted five years (2006-2011). This report presents two sub-studies from the DRUID project. The aims of these studies were: - to study the prevalence of illicit drugs and medicines in the driving population (study among drivers on the road). - to study the prevalence of alcohol, illicit drugs and medicines among killed drivers (study of killed drivers).In the study among drivers on the road, saliva samples were collected. Toxicological results were analysed from 6,199 drivers in Södermanland, Örebro and Östergötland out of 10,223 drivers of passenger cars and vans that were stopped by the police in March 2008- February 2009. In the study of killed drivers we have toxicological results from 157 fatalities out of 178 drivers of passenger cars and vans that were killed in traffic accidents in 2008.
|
|
