| 11. |
- Baigi, Amir, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular mortality focusing on socio-economic influence : the low-risk population of Halland compared to the population of Sweden as a whole
- 2002
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Ingår i: Public Health. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 116:5, s. 285-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and socioeconomic status (SES) in Sweden and to estimate to what extent the difference between a province with low mortality and the rest of Sweden was dependent on socio-economic factors. A population-based retrospective study with a historical prospective approach was performed covering a 10-y period in the province of Halland, Sweden, as well as Sweden as a whole. Altogether 1654 744 men and 1592 467 women were included, of whom 45 394 men and 43 403 women were from Halland, distributed according to SES. Multivariate analysis with Poisson regression was used. Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Both men and women with a low SES showed a significantly higher risk of death from CVD in Sweden as a whole. The risk was 23% higher for male blue-collar workers and 44% higher for female blue-collar workers when compared to their white-collar counterparts. The level of mortality in Halland was 14% lower compared to the country as a whole when only age was taken into account. When the socio-economic variable was also included, this figure was 8%. The results show the substantial significance of social differences with respect to CVD mortality. The effect of SES seems to be more important than that of geographical conditions when the latter are isolated from socio-economic influence.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Bergenhem, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis problems in a spatial reuse ring network with a simple clocking strategy
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This technical report describes the problems associated with analysis of a spatial reuse ring network with a clock strategy also used in previously studied ring networks. The aim for the analysis was to find the worst case deterministic throughput. Some results are achieved and are presented. A worst case bound is found and this can be used for analysing feasibility of message connection sets. However, the bound is pessimistic and does not utilise the bandwidth reuse features of the network. This result does not meet the expectations that where foreseen because the medium access method inherently supports distributed global deadline scheduling. It is concluded that the current clock strategy of the network is the cause of the problems. It is also concluded that the analysis is complicated by the clocking strategy and that by introducing small changes in the network (will be presented in a separate paper), the analysis of the real-time performance will be much simpler. This will lead to a network with less pessimistic assumptions and hence better support for real-time traffic.
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| 14. |
- Bergenhem, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Fibre-ribbon ring network with inherent support for earliest deadline first message scheduling
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - Los Alamitos, Calif. : IEEE. - 0769515738 ; , s. 157-163
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a network with earliest deadline first (EDF) scheduling on a per slot basis. The network is called CCR-EDF (Control Channel based Ring network with EDF scheduling). The topology is a pipelined unidirectional fibre-ribbon ring that supports several simultaneous transmissions in non-overlapping segments and with dedicated fibres for clock and arbitration. In each slot the node that has highest priority generates the clock. The clock hand over strategy together with the scheduling feature gives the network the functionality for earliest deadline scheduling of periodic messages belonging to logical real-time connections. Logical realtime connections may be added and removed during runtime, through admission control. Guaranteed realtime communication service is supported to the user. Other services include best effort traffic and special services for parallel and distributed processing such as barrier synchronisation and global reduction.
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| 15. |
- Bergenhem, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous real-time services in high-performance system area networks - application demands and case study definitions
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To be able to verify the feasibility of high-performance networks, it is essential to evaluate them according to specific application requirements. At the same time, specifications of quite general, or understandable, application requirements are needed for the ability to make repeated analyses on different networks. Especially, heterogeneous real-time requirements must be defined to be able to analyze networks to be used in future applications. In this report, we introduce two application fields where system area networks (SANs) supporting heterogeneous real-time services are highly desirable if not required: radar signal processing and large IP routers. For each application field, a case study with heterogeneous real-time communication requirements is defined. No case studies are presented in this report. Instead, they are defined for later evaluations to determine how suitable networks are for applications with heterogeneous real-time communication requirements.
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| 16. |
- Bergenhem, Carl
(författare)
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Protocols with Heterogeneous Real-Time Services for High-Performance Embedded Networks
- 2002
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Network protocols for applications that demand high performance and heterogeneous real-time services are presented. These protocols control the medium access to the network and offer additional features to the user, both different user services for traffic and services for parallel and distributed real-time processing. The network architecture assumed is a unidirectional pipelined optical ring.Radar Signal Processing (RSP) is a typical application area. Such a system contains many computation nodes that are interconnected in order to co-operate and thereby achieve higher performance. The computing performance of the whole system is greatly affected by the choice of network. Computing nodes in a parallel computer for RSP should be tightly coupled, i.e., communications cost (e.g. latency) between nodes should be small, so that the whole system can be perceived as a single unit. This is possible if a suitable network with an efficient protocol is used.There is an industrial need for new high-performance networks with support for the, often heterogeneous, real-time requirements found in (often embedded) applications such as RSP and other areas such as multimedia. The traffic this kind of network can be classified according to its requirements. The proposed protocols partition the traffic into three classes with distinctly different qualities. These classes are traffic with hard real-time demands, such as mission critical commands, traffic with soft real-time demands, such as process data (a deadline miss here only leads to decreased performance) and, finally, traffic with no real-time constraints at all. The contributions of the present thesis are protocols that integrate heterogeneous real-time services for the three traffic classes.The performance of the proposed protocols is evaluated through simulations and analysis. It is shown that the protocol is an efficient choice for RSP systems. A brief survey of related technologies is included in the thesis. These are studied from the perspectives of application, architecture and user service.
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| 17. |
- Bergman, Stefan, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic widespread pain: A three year followup of pain distribution and risk factors
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - Toronto : Journal of Rheumatology Publishing Co. Ltd.. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 29:4, s. 818-825
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To describe the change of pain reports over time in 3 cohorts derived from the general population: (1) no chronic pain (NCP, n = 1156); (2) chronic regional pain (CRP n = 502) and (3) chronic widespread pain (CWP; n = 242). To identify risk factors that predict the development or persistence of chronic widespread pain. Methods. A 3-year followup from 1995 to 1998 with postal questionnaire to 2425 subjects of both sexes aged 20-74 years on the west coast of Sweden. Results. At followup, a larger proportion of subjects with initial CRP compared to initial NCP reported CWP (16.4 and 2.2%, respectively; p < 0.001). The majority of subjects (56.9%) who primarily reported CWP remained in that group at followup, but 26.8% had changed status to CRP and 16.3% to NCP. The number of painful regions (7-12 vs 0 regions) reported at baseline was the strongest predictor for the development of CWP with an odds ratio (OR) of 12,13 (95% CI 4.47-32.88). The development of CWP was also predicted by higher age (OR = 3.13, 95% CI 1.47-6.69, age-group 59-74 years vs age-group 20-34 years), and a family history of chronic pain (OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.14-3.07). A habit of drinking alcohol weekly (OR = 0.42, 95% Cl 0.21-0.85) compared to the habit of never or seldom drinking alcohol was protective, as well as having personal social support (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.28-0.85). The persistence of CWP was predicted by the number of painful regions (13-18 vs 1-6 regions) at baseline (OR = 7.56, 95% CI 2.17-26.30), and being an immigrant (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.33-7.77). Conclusion. Although the overall prevalence of CWP was stable over a 3-year period there was a considerable variation on an individual basis. This variability in expressing CWP was moderately predicted by a combination of risk factors. the most important being the number of painful regions at baseline. Future research will need to show how useful the identified factors are in clinical practice and whether intervention aimed at changing these factors will improve pain outcome.
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| 18. |
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Biometric authentication : International ECCV 2002 Workshop, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 1, 2002 : proceedings
- 2002
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Workshop on Biometric Authentication held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in June 2001 as a satellite event of ECCV 2002.The 19 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed. The papers are organized in topical sections on face recognition, fingerprint recognition, psychology and biometrics, face detection and localization, gait and signature recognition, and classifiers for recognition.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Bodén, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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On learning context-free and context-sensitive languages
- 2002
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks. - New York : IEEE. - 1045-9227 .- 1941-0093. ; 13:2, s. 491-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long short-term memory (LSTM) is not the only neural network which learns a context sensitive language. Second-order sequential cascaded networks (SCNs) are able to induce means from a finite fragment of a context-sensitive language for processing strings outside the training set. The dynamical behavior of the SCN is qualitatively distinct from that observed in LSTM networks. Differences in performance and dynamics are discussed.
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