| 71. |
- Bäckström, Linnéa, 1975-
(författare)
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Ha-utelämning som grammatisk replikation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Svenska språkets historia 15. - Tartu : University of Tartu. - 9789949032648 ; , s. 58-69
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Swedish it is possible to omit the nite temporal auxiliary have in subordinate clauses: jag känner en som (har) bott i Berlin, ’I know someone who has lived in Berlin’. Here, the present and past perfect are expressed with only the past participle. Ever since Johannisson (1945) it has been claimed that nite auxiliary omission emerged in Swedish at the end of the 17th century as a syntactic loan from New High German (NHG). This is proposition has later been restated by subsequent researchers (e.g. Platzack 1983, Malmgren 1985). Although the idea that Swedish auxiliary omission emerged due to German inuence has been reproduced in the literature, there has been no explanation of how this transfer might have proceeded in terms of a formal linguistic framework. In this paper I will suggest one. Heine & Kuteva (2005, 2006) have formulated a model for contact-induced syntactic change, namely grammatical replication. Grammatical replication encompasses syntactic structures associated with a certain meaning or function. In the process, a language (R) produces a new structure (Rx) based on the structure (Mx) in a model language (M). When nite auxiliary omission emerged in Swedish, there was a high frequency of equivalent verbless constructions in written NHG texts. German-Swedish language contact during the time is well documented, and I suggest that Swedish auxiliary omission is an instance of grammatical replication.
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| 72. |
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| 73. |
- Calikus, Ece, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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No free lunch but a cheaper supper : A general framework for streaming anomaly detection
- 2020
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Ingår i: Expert systems with applications. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0957-4174 .- 1873-6793. ; 155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there has been increased research interest in detecting anomalies in temporal streaming data. A variety of algorithms have been developed in the data mining community, which can be divided into two categories (i.e., general and ad hoc). In most cases, general approaches assume the one-size-fits-all solution model where a single anomaly detector can detect all anomalies in any domain. To date, there exists no single general method that has been shown to outperform the others across different anomaly types, use cases and datasets. On the other hand, ad hoc approaches that are designed for a specific application lack flexibility. Adapting an existing algorithm is not straightforward if the specific constraints or requirements for the existing task change. In this paper, we propose SAFARI, a general framework formulated by abstracting and unifying the fundamental tasks in streaming anomaly detection, which provides a flexible and extensible anomaly detection procedure. SAFARI helps to facilitate more elaborate algorithm comparisons by allowing us to isolate the effects of shared and unique characteristics of different algorithms on detection performance. Using SAFARI, we have implemented various anomaly detectors and identified a research gap that motivates us to propose a novel learning strategy in this work. We conducted an extensive evaluation study of 20 detectors that are composed using SAFARI and compared their performances using real-world benchmark datasets with different properties. The results indicate that there is no single superior detector that works well for every case, proving our hypothesis that "there is no free lunch" in the streaming anomaly detection world. Finally, we discuss the benefits and drawbacks of each method in-depth and draw a set of conclusions to guide future users of SAFARI.
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| 74. |
- Calikus, Ece, 1990-
(författare)
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Self-Monitoring using Joint Human-Machine Learning : Algorithms and Applications
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ability to diagnose deviations and predict faults effectively is an important task in various industrial domains for minimizing costs and productivity loss and also conserving environmental resources. However, the majority of the efforts for diagnostics are still carried out by human experts in a time-consuming and expensive manner. Automated data-driven solutions are needed for continuous monitoring of complex systems over time. On the other hand, domain expertise plays a significant role in developing, evaluating, and improving diagnostics and monitoring functions. Therefore, automatically derived solutions must be able to interact with domain experts by taking advantage of available a priori knowledge and by incorporating their feedback into the learning process.This thesis and appended papers tackle the problem of generating a real-world self-monitoring system for continuous monitoring of machines and operations by developing algorithms that can learn data streams and their relations over time and detect anomalies using joint-human machine learning. Throughout this thesis, we have described a number of different approaches, each designed for the needs of a self-monitoring system, and have composed these methods into a coherent framework. More specifically, we presented a two-layer meta-framework, in which the first layer was concerned with learning appropriate data representations and detectinganomalies in an unsupervised fashion, and the second layer aimed at interactively exploiting available expert knowledge in a joint human-machine learning fashion.Furthermore, district heating has been the focus of this thesis as the application domain with the goal of automatically detecting faults and anomalies by comparing heat demands among different groups of customers. We applied and enriched different methods on this domain, which then contributed to the development and improvement of the meta-framework. The contributions that result from the studies included in this work can be summarized into four categories: (1) exploring different data representations that are suitable for the self-monitoring task based on data characteristics and domain knowledge, (2) discovering patterns and groups in data that describe normal behavior of the monitored system/systems, (3) implementing methods to successfully discriminate anomalies from the normal behavior, and (4) incorporating domain knowledge and expert feedback into self-monitoring.
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| 75. |
- Cardoso Chrispim, Mariana, Postdoktor, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for resource recovery from wastewater treatment plants in megacities of developing countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - Maryland Heights : Academic Press. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In developing countries, there is often a lack of a comprehensive data set that supports the development of coherent policies on resource recovery from wastewater treatment. This paper aims to contribute to the elaboration of resource recovery projects by providing accurate and updated data from wastewater treatment plants such as those located in the region of the Macrometropolis of Sao Paulo. The authors discuss possibilities of improvement of resource recovery for this illustrative example. Comprehensive analyses were performed based on data from 143 municipal wastewater treatment plants to understand the situation regarding resource recovery implementation in this region. The results show that just 26% of the plants perform at least one resource recovery practice. The predominant resource recovery practice is internal water reuse, and recovery is concentrated more in large plants than in medium and small ones. The sludge is disposed in landfills except for three plants, which perform sludge recycling for compost. Some plant managers reported interest in recovering energy from biogas, in expanding water reuse and in recovering sludge for fertilizer production or for building materials. Several aspects that have been regarded as relevant to the implementation of resource recovery processes in previous literature are discussed, such as the size of the plant, related legislation as well as treatment technologies and configurations. Finally, the authors propose a generic framework with several steps that can help to achieve resource recovery implementation. Therefore, the results can provide support for planning of resource recovery projects for large cities in developing countries. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
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| 76. |
- Cardoso Chrispim, Mariana, Postdoktor, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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A Framework for Sustainable Planning and Decision-Making on Resource Recovery from Wastewater : Showcase for São Paulo Megacity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water. - Basel : MDPI. - 2073-4441. ; 12:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, it is important to develop strategic frameworks to support the selection of sustainable resource recovery solutions. This study applies a new framework for planning, implementation, and assessment of resource recovery strategies for a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in São Paulo megacity. The framework comprises several steps based on case study-specific data and information from current literature. Data were collected from various sources: a survey with a wastewater treatment utility, national and regional databases, and review of local regulations and international literature. Treatment configuration, wastewater and by-products composition, potential demand (for water, energy, and phosphorus), stakeholder identification, and local legislation were thoroughly discussed regarding decision-making on resource recovery. Scenario analysis was used to explore suitable nutrient and energy recovery measures based on indicators. Biogas recovery and sewage sludge composting showed more favorable conditions due to similar experiences in the area and robust legislation. The proposed framework is a simplified tool, and its application can support managers to get information on resource recovery and how to plan such initiatives in easier ways to facilitate wiser decision-making, and better operation and management. The results on framework use and refinement can guide potential applications in other contexts and stimulate public policy formulation and further research.
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| 77. |
- Carlsson, Ing-Marie, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Place and space in relation to childbirth : a critical interpretive synthesis
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 15:sup1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In nursing and midwifery, the concept of environment is considered a meta-concept. Research findings suggest that the location is not the only important factor, as both place and space influence the practices of midwives. Moreover, research on the geography of health suggests a connection between place and health that could be extended to reproductive health. Therefore, to move beyond and expand traditional research expressions, it is beneficial to illuminate the concepts of place and space in relation to childbirth.Purpose: This study was undertaken to produce a synthesis of previous qualitative research of issues in childbirth in relation to the concepts of place and space.Method: In this Critical Interpretive Synthesis (CIS), four electronic databases; CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and Sociological abstracts, were used for the literature search. In total 734 papers were screened, and 27 papers met the final inclusion criteria after assessment.Results: The synthesis reveals a need to create a space for childbirth underpinned by four aspects; a homely space, a spiritual space, a safe space, and a territorial space.Conclusion: Findings from this review will provide a basis for useful dialogue in midwifery education and in clinical settings. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 78. |
- Carvajal, Gisela, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Automotive FMCW and OFDM Radar Under Interference
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings. - New York, NY : IEEE. - 1097-5659. ; 2020-September
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automotive radars are subject to interference in spectrally congested environments. To mitigate this interference, various waveforms have been proposed. We compare two waveforms (FMCW and OFDM) in terms of their radar performance and robustness to interference, under similar parameter settings. Our results indicate that under proper windowing both waveforms can achieve similar performance, but OFDM is more sensitive to interference.
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| 79. |
- Cederholm Björklund, Jennie, Doktorand, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Farming beyond food : Effect of embeddedness and governance structures on farmers’ role in rural development
- 2020
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article contributes to the debate on entrepreneurs’ role in societies as well as the consequences of rural embeddedness and engagement, or the role of farmers in rural development and entrepreneurship. A contextualized view of farmers embedded—both spatially and positionally— in the entrepreneurial ecosystems is applied. The study, based on interviews with 24 farmers, 6 observations, and 8 interviews with actors within the agricultural support system, uses the Gioia methodology for analysis, thus enabling inductive theorizing. We find that farmers’ multifunctional role and their impact on societal development are central to understanding farmers’ entrepreneurial endeavours as well as their engagement in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Hence, this article discusses farmers’ embeddedness in rural society and development processes. It highlights the multifunctional role of farmers in society, which we argue make them enablers for rural development, an important role that has been overlooked in both entrepreneurship research and policy work.
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| 80. |
- Cederholm Björklund, Jennie, Doktorand, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Under the surface of the agricultural entrepreneurial support ecosystems : through the lens of complexity leadership theory
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781839109683 - 9781839109690 ; , s. 112-130
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural advisors have recently received much critique both in practice and in the literature for not answering agricultural entrepreneurs’ need for support in the ongoing industry transformation. Advisors expect to guide highly pressured agricultural entrepreneurs operating in complex settings towards sustainable businesses in highly competitive markets. This chapter, using complexity leadership theory, goes beyond the surface of the agricultural advisors’ everyday work by exploring challenges faced by the advisors and considering how to overcome them. The advisors’ genuine intentions and common mission guiding the development of sustainable agricultural businesses and a vibrant countryside is not enough to achieve the goals. The authors identify an emergent need for innovation in the leadership of advisory work and conceptualize enabling mechanisms to accomplish such change. They suggest that the creation of adaptive space as a lubricant gives innovation the opportunity to flourish through enabling leadership.
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