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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Aasa, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer risk estimation of glycidol based on rodent carcinogenicity studies, a multiplicative risk model and in vivo dosimetry
- 2019
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Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915 .- 1873-6351. ; 128, s. 54-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we evaluate a multiplicative (relative) risk model for improved cancer risk estimation of genotoxic compounds. According to this model, cancer risk is proportional to the background tumor incidence and to the internal dose of the genotoxic compound. Furthermore, the relative risk coefficient per internal dose is considered to be approximately the same across tumor sites, sex, and species. In the present study, we demonstrate that the relative risk model is valid for cancer risk estimation of glycidol, a common food contaminant. Published tumor data from glycidol carcinogenicity studies in mice and rats were evaluated in combination with internal dose estimates from hemoglobin adduct measurements in blood from mice and rats treated with glycidol in short-term studies. A good agreement between predicted and observed tumor incidence in responding sites was demonstrated in the animals, supporting a relative risk coefficient that is independent of tumor site, sex, and species. There was no significant difference between the risk coefficients for mice (5.1% per mMh) and rats (5.4% per mMh) when considering internal doses of glycidol. Altogether, this mechanism-based risk model gives a reliable risk coefficient, which then was extrapolated to humans considering internal dose, and background cancer incidence.
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| 45. |
- Aasa, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity Might Be of Greater Importance for Good Spinal Control Than If You Have Had Pain or Not : A Longitudinal Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Spine. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 40:24, s. 1926-1933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal design. A cohort followed in 3 waves of data collection.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the relationships between the performance of 2 tests of spinal control at the age of 52 years and low back pain, physical activity level, and fitness earlier in life, as well as to describe the cross-sectional relationships between these measures.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Altered spinal control has been linked to pain; however, other stimuli may also lead to inability to control the movements of the spine.METHODS: Participants answered questions about physical activity and low back pain, and performed physical fitness tests at the age of 16, 34, and 52 years. The fitness test battery included tests of endurance in the back and abdominal muscles, a submaximal bicycle ergometer test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake, and measurements of hip flexion, thoracic spine flexibility, and anthropometrics. Two tests were aggregated to a physical fitness index. At the age of 52, also 2 tests of spinal control, the standing Waiter's bow (WB) and the supine double leg lower (LL) were performed.RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses showed that higher back muscle endurance at the age of 34 years could positively predict WB performance at 52 years and higher physical fitness at the age of 34 could positively predict LL performance at 52 years. Regarding cross-sectional relationships, an inability to perform the WB correctly was associated with lower physical fitness, flexibility and physical activity, and larger waist circumference. An inability to correctly perform the LL was associated with lower physical fitness. One-year prevalence of pain was not significantly associated with WB or LL test performance.CONCLUSION: An active life resulting in higher physical fitness is related to better spinal control in middle-aged men and women. This further strengthens the importance of physical activity throughout the life span.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.
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| 46. |
- Aasa, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish physical activity and fitness cohort born in 1958 - dropout analysis and overview at 36-year follow-up
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 27:4, s. 418-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of the Swedish physical activity and fitness cohort study (SPAF-1958) was to describe physical fitness, physical activity, health, and lifestyle across part of the lifespan, and to assess the influences on these factors from the environment, personal factors, and genetics. There is inevitable dropout from longitudinal studies, and it may be systematic. The aim of this first paper of the second follow-up of SPAF-1958 was to provide a dropout analysis to consider to what extent the participants, at 52 years of age, remain a representative sample of the original adolescent study population. Additional aims were to provide an overview of the study protocol and the ongoing study population. Ongoing study participants in SPAF born in 1958 were, at the second follow-up at the age of 52, still representative of the study cohort in terms of sex, adolescent geographical area, upper secondary school program, adolescent body composition, muscular strength, and muscular endurance. However, a higher physical activity and, among women, a higher aerobic capacity in adolescence decreased the risk for dropout. It is important when interpreting results from longitudinal studies to adjust for the systematic dropout that could bias the conclusions drawn from the results.
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| 47. |
- Aaseth, J, et al.
(författare)
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Chelation in metal intoxication--Principles and paradigms
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS). - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-3252. ; 31, s. 260-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 48. |
- Aaseth, J, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of progression in Parkinson's disease
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1572-8773. ; 31:5, s. 737-747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 49. |
- Aaseth, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment strategies in Alzheimers disease: a review with focus on selenium supplementation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biometals. - : SPRINGER. - 0966-0844 .- 1572-8773. ; 29:5, s. 827-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimers disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder presenting one of the biggest healthcare challenges in developed countries. No effective treatment exists. In recent years the main focus of AD research has been on the amyloid hypothesis, which postulates that extracellular precipitates of beta amyloid (A beta) derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) are responsible for the cognitive impairment seen in AD. Treatment strategies have been to reduce A beta production through inhibition of enzymes responsible for its formation, or to promote resolution of existing cerebral A beta plaques. However, these approaches have failed to demonstrate significant cognitive improvements. Intracellular rather than extracellular events may be fundamental in AD pathogenesis. Selenate is a potent inhibitor of tau hyperphosphorylation, a critical step in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Some selenium (Se) compounds e.g. selenoprotein P also appear to protect APP against excessive copper and iron deposition. Selenoproteins show anti-inflammatory properties, and protect microtubules in the neuronal cytoskeleton. Optimal function of these selenoenzymes requires higher Se intake than what is common in Europe and also higher intake than traditionally recommended. Supplementary treatment with N-acetylcysteine increases levels of the antioxidative cofactor glutathione and can mediate adjuvant protection. The present review discusses the role of Se in AD treatment and suggests strategies for AD prevention by optimizing selenium intake, in accordance with the metal dysregulation hypothesis. This includes in particular secondary prevention by selenium supplementation to elderly with mild cognitive impairment.
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