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| 2. |
- Albinsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Maktutövning ur ett organisations- och genusperspektiv. En studie vid tre vårdavdelningar
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The primary aim of the present thesis is to increase understandig of the relationship between organisational structure, gender and power. Understanding of this relationship requires a closeness to the individual being studied as well to the content and consequences of that individuals´actions. The empirical object of study is a group of professional women at a somatic clinic. The problem investigated is based on a theoretical perspective on organisations; feminist theories and power theories. Our starting point was that these women should be seen as subjects who actively shape their own daily living situation, experience and actions. We thus felt it appropriate to choose a qualitative method. Data was collected by means of observation and qualitative interviews. The results show that the first foundation of gender-related domination at the clinic was hierarchial and bureaucratic and was characterised by a clear power symmetry and division of labour. The second foundation of gender-related domination resulted in the organisational structure of the clinic allowing a few men at the top of the hierarchy to exercise power over the women in the middle and lower levels. An important conclusion is that the women studied were clearly at a disadvantage in a hierarchial organisation. The difference in influence between men and women in the study was further reinforced by the fact that the various professional categories belonged to different sub-cultures. The unisexual sub-cultures when combined with the doctor´s normative sub-culture further increased the opportunities for the men studied to dominate the women, thereby reinforcing the impression that the organisation was based om male norms and the logic of segregation. Male domination can also be understood from an individual perspective. The men studied adopted different strategies as a means of accentuating their position in relation to the women. The study comprised a few women who used specific domination tactics. They possessed knowledge of the different power techniques open to them, and they used these in their relations with men. Knowledge of the two foundations mentioned stimulates the desire to initiate changes. One element of significance in such changes is the re-forming of structural conditions. It is important to bring about changes at individual level. Men and women´s consciousness of, and knowledge about, gender-related domination must be the focus of attention.
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- Arvidsson, Stefan, 1968-
(författare)
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Ariska idoler : Den indoeuropeiska mytologin som ideologi och vetenskap
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By using ancient texts, medieval documents, philological observations, and archaeological artifacts, scholars have reconstructed a prehistorical world and religion. The people who upheld this culture have been named, inter alia, "Indo-Europeans", "Aryans", "Japhetites" and "Wiros". Yet, these people have not left any texts, no artifacts can with certainty be ascribed to them, nor do we know any individual "Indo-European" by name. Despite this, scholars have, with help from daring historical, linguistic and archaeological reconstructions, persistently tried to reach the ancient Indo-Europeans in hopes of finding the foundations for their own culture and religion. The main hypothesis of this thesis is that these pre-historical peoples have not occupied modern man because they were important as historical agents, but because they were, with the words of Claude Lévi-Strauss, "good to think". The interest in "the Indo-Europeans", "the Aryans" and their "Others" — which latter group has at times been described as Jews, Savages, Orientals, Aristocrats, priests, matriarchal farmers, martial pastoralists, French liberals, and/or German nationalists — was (and still is) motivated by a wish to construct alternatives to those identities given by tradition. The study of the Indo-Europeans, their culture and religion, has been a way to produce new concepts, new identities and thus an alternative future. Chapter 1 describes how the concept of an Indo-European entity evolved during the 18th and 19th centuries out of speculations on the identity of different people mentioned in the Bible, out of the discovery of similarities between Indic and European languages, and out of romantic ideas about race and Volk. Chapter 2 deals with the first paradigm in the Indo-European studies, the Nature-Mythological school, and its relationship to Christianity, anti-Semitism and liberal-bourgeois mentality. Chapter 3 discusses the "primitivization" of the "Indo-Europeans" that developt at the end of the 19th century due to nationalism and vitalistic philosophy. Chapter 4 analyses the relationship between the study of Indo-Germanic or Aryan religion in the Third Reich and Nazi ideology. Chapter 5 treats theories that were created as alternative to Nazi scholarship by fascist, Catholic scholars. That chapter also deals with the developments in the study of Indo-European religion and culture during the last half of the 20th century
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| 6. |
- Ekstrand, Britten
(författare)
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Småbarnsskolan: vad hände och varför?: en sekellång historia studerad med fokus på förändring av pedagogisk verksamhet från 1833 och framåt
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Some fields in the research about the history of childcare in the nineteenth century in Sweden is lacking. In popular textbooks infant schools (småbarnsskolor) are thought of and described as a pedagogical and social activity, while a later phenomenon, the nursery schools, seemed to lack all pedagogical insight, care-taking was exclusively at hand. I have questioned this dichotomy. What happened to the infant schools when nursery schools appeared? My intention has been to focus on pedagogical change in infant schools. I had to start with a description of infant schools in Sweden, answering the questions when, where, how and why infant schools appeared and how they developed. Traces from infant schools in ten cities have been thoroughly examined and followed over the years. About thirty infant schools have existed. All of these are referred to, which have been possible thanks to anniversary publications and scientific documents in a mix. Focusing on pedagogical change and development, and inspired by the frame factor theory, I have analyzed organizational and economical factors, factors concerning the teachers, the children and the schoolwork. Factors concerning the management, the school control and the administration show an astonishingly rigid form over more than a century. The age of the children however, as well as qualifications and titles of the teachers change according to the pedagogical change. Two very clear phases in the history of infant schools can be distinguished. In the early years the infant schools in Sweden worked as primary schools. Moving on to the late 19th century, there was an institutional change in those infant schools, which had not been part of the national school system. The institutions were organized as nursery schools in which the pioneers of Froebelian work in Sweden appear. They continued to direct their work towards children from the lower classes. The results are discussed in a social, economic, political and ideological context. Above all the close relationship to three fields is recognized. These are the national school system at the time, the growing acknowledgement of psychology with the changing view of the child and the education of women. The domains are reflected about in relation to the course of events in infant schools in Sweden. In an attempt to understand the material some terms belonging to Pierre Bourdieus epistemological theory are used in the discussion.
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- Englund, Ulrica, et al.
(författare)
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The use of a recombinant lentiviral vector for ex vivo gene transfer into the rat CNS
- 2000
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 11:18, s. 3973-3977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major obstacle in ex vivo gene transfer has been the loss of transgene expression soon after implantation of the grafted transduced cells. Recently, a lentiviral vector system has been developed which has proven to express high levels of transgenes in vivo after direct injection into the tissue. In this study, we have investigated the use of such a vector for ex vivo gene transfer to the brain. A number of neural cell types were found to be permissive to transduction by the lentiviral vector in vitro and a majority of them expressed the transgene after transplantation to the rat brain. Transgene expression was detected up to 8 weeks post-grafting. These findings suggest that recombinant lentiviral vectors may be used for further development of ex vivo gene therapy protocols to the CNS.
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| 9. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-
(författare)
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En debatt om en muslimsk friskola
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nord nytt - Nordisk tidsskrift for folkelivsforskning. - Lyngby : Institutionen for europeisk folkelivsforskning. - 0008-1345. ; 78, s. 5-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Johannesson, Björn
(författare)
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Transport and Sorption Phenomena in Concrete and Other Porous Media
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The work presented in this thesis is mainly focused on transport processes involved in service life predictions of concrete. Two papers and three reports deal with ion transport in pore solution of concrete. One paper and one report deals with moisture transport in concrete and the remaining papers and reports deal with absorption and physical properties related to adsorption for different materials. The fourteen contributions have the following contents:RI:1, Diffusion of a mixture of positively and negatively charged ions in pore solution of concrete is studied. Binding of dissolved ions in pore solution and leaching of ions from solid components into pore solution are included in the model. The material constants in the developed model are chosen to give the best match of simulation to experimental data. A finite element scheme is developed solving the governing coupled constituent equations.RI:2, The models established in RI:1 and P:1 are used to study the effect of different cements and pozzolans on chloride ingress into concrete.RI:3, The models established in RI:1 and P:1 are used to study the effect of curing conditions on chloride ingress in concrete. A drying period before exposure to chlorides is shown to decrease the penetration.RII:1, Capillary suction is studied using a Newtonian fluid assumption together with a momentum source term reflecting the influence of the pore walls on the capillary sucked fluid.RIII:1, The heat of adsorption of different molecule layers on dry surfaces is investigated using a calorimetric technique. Different types of BET-equations were used to predict the distribution of adsorbate among different discrete adsorbed layers. The classical way of calculating the adsorption heat and the measured values differed with about a factor of 2.5.RIII:2, The effect of different constant temperatures on the absorption isotherms and the heat of adsorption of first and second layer molecules on porous glass are investigated.P:1, Diffusion of a mixture of positively and negatively charged ions in water is studied. An electrical potential is included in the model, which makes it possible to study diffusion caused by internal electrical forces in a mixture of different types of ions.P:2, The paper presents a model for combined chloride ion diffusion and chloride ion convection caused by capillary suction.P:3, A numerical approach capable of solving diffusion-convection equations is discussed. The so-called Petrov-Galerkin weighting is shown to be a reliable method for the diffusion problem studied.P:4, Four different methods of measuring sorption isotherms are studied.P:5, The limit of the use of a quasi-static calorimetric technique measuring absorption is investigated theoretically by simulating the diffusion behavior in the instrument. Results shows that the material constant related to the sorption kinetics must exceed a certain value.P:6, Measurements of moisture storage capacity with sorption balance and pressure extractor are described in this paper.P:7, In this paper micro-structural changes caused by carbonation of cement mortar are discussed.P:8, Water vapor diffusion and transient condensation in cement mortar are treated in this paper.
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