| 1. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Recognising pain in older adults living in sheltered accommodation: the views of nurses and older adults
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - 1873-491X .- 0020-7489. ; 38:3, s. 305-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty-six randomly selected older adults and their contact nurses participated in interviews based on standardised assessments of pain and open-ended questions focusing how pain was expressed and recognised. The sample included older adults with normal as well as cognitively impaired function. Seventy-nine percent of older adults with normal cognition were often in pain. Contact nurses assessed pain in 57% of cognitively impaired older adults. The content in the statements showed that pain recognition was a communicative interactive process based on verbal and non-verbal expressions. The process comprised attempts to understand the cause and intention of the expression and to verify the presence of pain. Changes in mood, facial expressions and physiological responses were described less often by older adults than by their nurses. Contact nurses of cognitively impaired older adults judged immobility as the source of pain, that it was possible to see when the person was in pain and that pain was expressed by paralinguistic and body language more often than contact nurses of cognitively healthy older adults. Characteristics of nurses and older adults could facilitate or hinder pain recognition. The findings indicate a need for reflective discussions in the staff group focusing on how to perform systematic assessments of verbal and non-verbal expressions and of hindrances and facilitators for recognising pain in older adults.
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| 2. |
- Fridell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Psykosocial behandling av drogberoende
- 2001
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Ingår i: Behandling av alkohol- och narkotikaproblem - En evidensbaserad kunskapssammanställning. - 9187890739 ; 2, s. 11-122
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Håkansson, Gisela
(författare)
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Tense morphology and verb-second in Swedish L1 children, L2 children and children with SLI
- 2001
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Ingår i: Bilingualism. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1366-7289 .- 1469-1841. ; 4:1, s. 85-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares the development of tense morphology and verb-second in different learner populations. Three groups of Swedish pre-school children are investigated longitudinally; ten L1 children, ten L2 children and ten children diagnosed with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). Data was collected twice, with an interval of six months. The results at Time I reveal a significant difference between normally developing L1 children on the one hand and L2 children and children with SLI on the other. The L1 children use verb-second correctly in topicalized declaratives, whereas both L2 children and children with SLI use structures with the verb in third position (XSV structures) as an intermediate step towards verb-second. There is a clear development between the two data collection sessions for the L2 children and the children with SLI, diminishing the difference between them and the unimpaired L1 children. The similarity that is found between L2 children and children with SLI in this study bears important implications for the discussion of the role of transfer in L2 research and for the question of a defective linguistic representation in SLI research.
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| 4. |
- Högberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The Spread of Flint Axes and Daggers in Neolithic Scandinavia
- 2001
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Ingår i: Památky Archeologické. - 0031-0506. ; 92:2, s. 193-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flint has a limited distribution in the Scandinavian area, natural sources being largely confined to the southern regions. Here, the use of flint for making daggers and polished axes during the Neolithic is widespread and extensive. There is also evidence for mining of flint at Södra Sallerup in southern Sweden and on several sites in Denmark, but flint is available in till deposits as well. The goal of the article is to study the distribution of flint as a raw material in Neolithic contexts, concentrating on local and long-distance movement. We begin with a discussion of flint sources and their exploitation during the Neolithic. Thereafter we present three case studies illustrating how the use of flint varied over both time and space.
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| 5. |
- Johannesson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructural changes caused by carbonation of cement mortar
- 2001
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Ingår i: Cement and Concrete Research. - 0008-8846 .- 1873-3948. ; 31:6, s. 925-931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The change of specific surface area and pore size distribution due to carbonation of an ordinary Portland cement mortar is investigated. The adsorption of water vapor on noncarbonated and well-carbonated cement mortar is measured in order to evaluate the difference in specific surface area for the two samples using the BET theory. From the measured desorption the pore size distribution is calculated using the Kelvin formula. A sorption balance is used to measure the sorption characteristics for the two studied sample qualities. In this method dry and saturated air are mixed in desired proportion in a closed system. One of the benefits of the method is that the samples not are exposed to carbon dioxide during testing, i.e., undesired effects caused by carbonation on the sorption can be eliminated. The specific surface area for a noncarbonated sample was calculated, using the measured adsorption data, to be 8% higher than for the well-carbonated sample. The difference in pore size distributions was more marked than the difference in specific surface area for the two samples. The well-carbonated mortar had about twice as much volume attributed to small pores as the noncarbonated cement mortar.
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| 6. |
- Johannesson, Björn
(författare)
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Restrictions on the rate of absorption when evaluating sorption isotherms obtained using a micro-calorimetric technique
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Physics. - 1744-2583. ; 25:2, s. 85-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One interestingway of measuring sorption isotherms and heats of sorption is the newly developed micro-calorimetric method. It turns out, however, that the adsorption kinetics must be proven to be rapid enough to fulfill the assumptions behind the theory for the determination of the isotherm to be valid. Here, the lower limit of the accepted rate of adsorption will be analyzed by making calculations of the diffusion behavior in the calorimetric vessel. The evaluation of the adsorption isotherms is based on assumptions of a quasi-static nature. If the adsorption kinetics are slow the behavior in the calorimeter will turn to a more or less transient process. When the heat of adsorption is of interest and the sorption isotherm and kinetics of sorption can be determined by other methods, compensation for the transient effects can be made.
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| 7. |
- Levin, Magnus
(författare)
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Agreement with Collective Nouns in English
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis concerns agreement with collective nouns in American, British and Australian English. It is based on material from newspaper corpora and spoken corpora. The findings suggest that dialectal, stylistic, diachronic, syntactic and semantic factors interact in the selection of singular and plural agreement. It was shown that there are differences between regional varieties, between speech and writing and between written and spoken genres. Syntactic influence on agreement was seen in the increased likelihood of plural agreement with increased distance between the noun (the controller) and its agreement-carrying words (the targets). This was observed both in the number of intervening words between a controller and its targets and in the difference between verbs, which are fairly close to their controllers, and pronouns. This trend was found in both speech and writing. These findings suggest that targets acquire more independence of the form of their controllers the further away they are. Semantic factors were also found to be important in British English. The noun itself plays a crucial role in the choice of agreement. A noun such as 'government' very rarely takes singular verb agreement, whereas 'family' takes either singular or plural agreement, and 'couple' generally prefers the plural. A few verbs were found to require singular agreement with collective nouns (e.g. 'consist', 'be set up', 'increase'), but other verb categories (e.g. 'think', 'say', 'work') were not found to influence agreement decisively. These and other features described indicate that a wide range of functional factors influence variation in agreement patterns.
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| 8. |
- Lundqvist, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Frontal lobe dysfunction in long-term cannabis users
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neurotoxicology and Teratology. - 0892-0362 .- 1872-9738. ; 23:5, s. 437-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the neurophysiological effects of cannabis. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in 12 long-term cannabis users shortly after cessation of cannabis use (mean 1.6 days). The findings showed significantly lower mean hemispheric blood flow values and significantly lower frontal values in the cannabis subjects compared to normal controls. The results suggest that the functional level of the frontal lobes is affected by long-term cannabis use.
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