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- Ahrne, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Travail domestique et rapports de pouvoir entre les sexes
- 2000
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In: Cahiers du Genre. - Paris : l'Harmattan. - 1165-3558. ; 27, s. 133-159
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The idea that women should take the responsibility for home and family and men should be the breadwinners is less dominant today. On the basis of a study of the division of labour within Swedish families, this is an examination of the way in which gender identity and power relations influence the negotiations between partners, given the differing interests. As this study shows there is rarely equality on this question between married or cohabiting partners, despite the dominants ideas of one or the other sex, and even when the women work full-time (the division is a lot more equal in young couples without children). The explanation of this inequality lies in the weight of gender norms and in the different expectations linked to parental roles. It is nevertheless apparent that women with greater resources in terms of education, income or professional status more often break with these norms and impose their demands concerning the division of labour within the couple.
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- Akre [Fall], Katja, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Risk for gastric cancer after antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing hip replacement
- 2000
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In: Cancer Research. - Birmingham, USA : American Asoociation for Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 60, s. 6376-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite strong evidence of an association between Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer, the benefit of eradicating H. pylori infection is unknown. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that exposure to high doses of antibiotics reduces risk for gastric cancer via possible eradication of H. pylori We conducted a nationwide case-control study nested in a cohort of 39,154 patients who underwent hip replacement surgery between 1965 and 1983. Such patients frequently receive prophylactic antibiotic treatment. During follow-up through 1989, we identified 189 incident cases of gastric cancer. For each case, three controls were selected from the cohort. Exposure data were abstracted from hospital records. Blood samples from a separate cohort undergoing hip replacement surgery were analyzed for anti-H. pylori IgG before and after surgery. Both long-term antibiotic treatment before surgery [odds ratio (OR), 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1-0.7] and prophylactic antibiotic treatment (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-1.1) conferred a reduction in gastric cancer risk. The reduction appeared stronger after 5 years (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.2) than during shorter follow-up after hip replacement (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.4-1.7). There was an apparent decrease in risk with increasing body weight-adjusted doses of antibiotics (P = 0.13). However, the rate of H. pylori antibody disappearance was not strikingly higher in the cohort of patients undergoing hip replacement than in a control cohort. Our findings provide indirect support for the hypothesis that treatment with antibiotics at a relatively advanced age reduces the risk of gastric cancer.
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- Andersen, Jon Aarum, 1944-
(author)
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Intuition in managers : Are intuitive managers more effective?
- 2000
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In: Journal of Managerial Psychology. - : MCB UP Ltd. - 0268-3946 .- 1758-7778. ; 15:1, s. 46-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Do managers have the creative and innovative ability needed for their organisations to survive in an increasingly competitive environment? A study of 200 managers from eight companies gives an answer to this question. If intuition is an indication of creativity and innovation, we find that almost 25 per cent of all managers were primarily intuitive when solving problems and making decisions. The concept of intuition and other decision functions is based on Jung’s typology. Is intuition in managers an important asset to their organisations? An investigation of problem‐solving and decision‐making styles of 33 managers related to organisational effectiveness throws some light on this question. What is called the “creative‐innovative” decision‐making style was found in 23 per cent of the managers. This article suggests that intuition as decision‐making style appears to be related to organisational effectiveness. Several managers are intuitive. Whether the intuitive managers are more effective than others remains to be seen.
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- Andersen, Jon Aarum, 1944-
(author)
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Leadership and Leadership Research
- 2000
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In: The current state of business disciplines. - New Delhi : Spellbound Publications. - 9788176000543 ; , s. 2267-2287
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
- Andersen, Jon Aarum, 1944-
(author)
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The Weight of History : An Exploration of Resistance to Change in Vicars/Managers
- 2000
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In: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0963-1690 .- 1467-8691. ; 9:3, s. 147-155
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- What impact do managers have on successful implementation of organisational change? A model is suggested to assess the strength of managers to initiate and implement organisational change and development. The model rests on leadership theories and factors that describe and explain various change aspects of managers’ behaviour. It is assumed that managers who have a change‐centred leadership style, who are intuitive combined with power motivation and see urgent demands for change and development, have an optimal capacity for implementing major changes in their organisations. This model has been tested on a sample of 153 vicars, each facing a radically new situation. The Church of Sweden was disestablished this year breaking a structure, which has lasted for 500 years. As expected, very few of the vicars (as managers) exhibited change and development related behaviour described by the model. In fact, only one percent of the vicars appears to have maximum capacity to implement organisational changes. Whether the model can predict successful implementation of major organisational change remains to be tested.
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- Andershed, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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Being a close relative of a dying person : development of the concepts "involvement in the light and in the dark"
- 2000
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In: Cancer Nursing. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0162-220X .- 1538-9804. ; 23:2, s. 151-159
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current study is based on an earlier article in which relatives' involvement in care was described as involvement in the light or involvement in the dark. Involvement in the light was characterized as the relative being well informed and experiencing a meaningful involvement. The relatives involved in the dark felt uninformed, that they were groping around in the dark when they tried to support the patient. The present study analyzed further the meaning of involvement in the light and involvement in the dark, and investigated whether two different care cultures, the relationship with the staff, and a rapid course of illness influence the involvement of relatives. Relatives of 52 patients who died, 30 at a surgical department and 22 in a hospice ward, were interviewed after the patients' deaths. All the relatives of the patients in the hospice ward and 13 of those in the surgical department were judged to be involved in the light. Of the relatives judged to be involved in the dark, 12 either had a sick relative with a rapid course of illness or felt that the sick relative had died unexpectedly. A pattern was clearly observed: The relatives involved in the light described being met with respect, openness, sincerity, confirmation, and connection, whereas the opposite was experienced by those involved in the dark.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Solveig, et al.
(author)
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Barns rolltillstånd i polisförhör
- 2000
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet är att undersöka om förhörsledare och barn intar olika rolltillstånd i förhör och undersöka vilka dessa rolltillstånd är samt undersöka vem som leder in vem i det aktuella tillståndet. Materialet som används är 22 videoförhör med två förhörsledare och 10 barn i åldrarna 2-7 år. Resultaten visar att olika rolltillstånd förekommer och att intagandet av rolltillstånd påverkas av både barnen och förhörsledarna, Både förhörsledare och barn intar och växlar mellan olika rolltillstånd, både inom och mellan förhören. Förhörsledare och barn påverkar varandra att inta olika rolltillstånd, dock är det mest förhörsledarna som leder in barnen i ett visst rolltillstånd.
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- Appelberg, Jonas, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Lung volume and its correlation to nocturnal apnoea and desaturation
- 2000
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In: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 94:3, s. 233-239
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The cross-sectional area of the upper airway is known to be lung volume dependent. If, and to what extent, lung volume variables correlate to nocturnal obstructive apnoeas and oxygen desaturations independently of other factors known to affect lung volumes and sleep disordered breathing is still unclear. A total of 92 subjects were examined by ambulatory recording of nocturnal obstructive apnoeas and desaturations. Sixty-nine of the subjects had a history of snoring and 23 were healthy subjects without complaints of snoring and daytime sleepiness. All subjects performed static and dynamic spirometry for measurements of lung volumes. To evaluate the correlation between lung volume variables and apnoea index (AI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI), simple and multiple regression analysis was performed. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) was found to be lower in subjects with snoring and apnoeas (ERV = 1.0 l) than in non-snoring subjects (ERV = 1.7 l), (P<0.001). Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1)/vital capacity (VC) was slightly, but significantly (P = 0.031), lower in subjects with snoring and nocturnal apnoeas and desaturations. In the multiple regression analysis ERV was found to be independently correlated to both AI (R2=0.13; P=0.001) and ODI (R2 = 0.11; P = 0.002). Multiple regression analysis also revealed that ERV, body mass index (BMI) and habitual smoking together accounted for 43% of the variation in AI and 48% of the variation in ODI. We find a significant independent association between ERV and nocturnal obstructive apnoea and oxygen desaturation frequency. Our results indicate that ERV is correlated to these events to a similar extent, as is obesity.
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