| 1. |
- Aagaard Hagemann, Frederik, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges to Implementing the Urban Ecosystem Service Concept in Green Infrastructure Planning: A View from Practitioners in Swedish Municipalities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Socio-Ecological Practice Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-5279 .- 2524-5287. ; 2, s. 283-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In building a sustainable society, numerous ecosystem services have shown to play important roles for the benefit of urban residents. The distinct concept of Urban Ecosystem Services (UES) to accentuate and enhance the value of urban ecosystems has been proposed, primarily in research, with implementation in practice still at an early stage. This study examined challenges to future implementation of the UES concept in municipal planning and management of urban green spaces. Based on interviews in six Swedish municipalities, we identified four overall discourses challenging implementation of UES in municipal practice. These included (i) a need to prioritize UES in municipal planning in order to address the contemporary challenges of e.g., urbanization and biodiversity loss. This in turn creates (ii) a need for increased holistic thinking within the municipal organization, based on (iii) further documentation and standards, which should help (iv) initiate organizational transition and cross-sectorial approaches. These discourses provide interrelated challenges that could also act as opportunities for scientists and practitioners collaborations to advance integration of UES into planning and management, thereby increasing the sustainability of urban environments. This work provides a starting point for introduction of the UES concept into municipal planning.
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| 2. |
- Aagaard Hagemann, Frederik
(författare)
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From place to emplacement: the scalar politics of sustainability
- 2020
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Ingår i: Local Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-9839 .- 1469-6711. ; 25, s. 447-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability has emerged as a central concept for discussing the current state of the human-environment system and planning for its future. To delve into the depths of sustainability means to talk about ecology, economy, and equity as fundamentally interconnected. However, each continues to be colonised by normative epistemologies of ecological sciences, neoclassical economics, and development, suggesting that with enough science and development, a more equitable sustainability is achievable. In our analysis, place emerges as an alternative epistemology through which to analyze sustainability. Place exists at multiple spatial and temporal scales, understood through direct observation of boundaries, processes and patterns, phenomenologically through individual experience, and as a complex hybrid: always emerging through interactions among individuals and institutions. Despite the ubiquity of place in the socio-ecological literature, the complexity of place in relation to sustainability is under-theorised, and in as much as sustainability happens or does not happen in real places rather than in policies and models, a place-based sustainability framework is necessary to move forward. To address this gap, we developed the emplacement framework, consisting of four domains: displacement, misplacement, replacement, and emplacement. Each domain is dynamic, constructing place as praxis, and reframing sustainability as a site of collective inquiry and choices. Our goal is to facilitate the active and on-going practices of place-based research and engagement among scholars, activists, and other community members by providing a structure for transdisciplinary dialogue and the application of transdisciplinary research to enable better decision-making.
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| 3. |
- Abbott, D. Wade, et al.
(författare)
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Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane : Challenges and Opportunities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 10:12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary The need to become more efficient in agriculture and the food industry exists parallel to the challenge of climate change. Meat and dairy production is the target of much scrutiny due to methane (CH4) emissions and global warming. On the other hand, it should be noted that two-thirds of the world's agricultural land consists of pastures and permanent grasslands and is used for livestock grazing. This land is predominantly unsuitable for arable purposes but facilitates the production of high-quality human-edible protein in the form of ruminant animal-derived meat and milk. This makes a significant contribution to feeding the world's population. There is a need to reduce CH4 emissions, however, and several approaches are being researched currently. Seaweeds are diverse plants containing bioactives that differ from their terrestrial counterparts and they are increasingly under investigation as a feed supplement for the mitigation of enteric CH4. Seaweeds are rich in bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids, saponins, alkaloids and peptides. These bioactives could also play a role as feed ingredients to reduce enteric CH4. This review collates information on seaweeds and seaweed bioactives and their potential to impact on enteric CH4 emissions. Seaweeds contain a myriad of nutrients and bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids as well as small molecules including peptides, saponins, alkaloids and pigments. The bioactive bromoform found in the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis has been identified as an agent that can reduce enteric CH4 production from livestock significantly. However, sustainable supply of this seaweed is a problem and there are some concerns over its sustainable production and potential negative environmental impacts on the ozone layer and the health impacts of bromoform. This review collates information on seaweeds and seaweed bioactives and the documented impact on CH4 emissions in vitro and in vivo as well as associated environmental, economic and health impacts.
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| 4. |
- Abdellah, Tebani, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of molecular profiles in a longitudinal wellness profiling cohort.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important aspect of precision medicine is to probe the stability in molecular profiles among healthy individuals over time. Here, we sample a longitudinal wellness cohort with 100 healthy individuals and analyze blood molecular profiles including proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, autoantibodies andimmune cell profiling, complementedwith gut microbiota composition and routine clinical chemistry. Overall, our results show high variation between individuals across different molecular readouts, while the intra-individual baseline variation is low. The analyses show that each individual has a unique and stable plasma protein profile throughout the study period and that many individuals also show distinct profiles with regards to the other omics datasets, with strong underlying connections between the blood proteome and the clinical chemistry parameters. In conclusion, the results support an individual-based definition of health and show that comprehensive omics profiling in a longitudinal manner is a path forward for precision medicine.
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| 5. |
- Abedi, Tayebeh
(författare)
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Arsenic Uptake and Accumulation Mechanisms in Rice Species
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plants. - : MDPI AG. - 2223-7747. ; 9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rice consumption is a source of arsenic (As) exposure, which poses serious health risks. In this study, the accumulation of As in rice was studied. Research shows that As accumulation in rice in Taiwan and Bangladesh is higher than that in other countries. In addition, the critical factors influencing the uptake of As into rice crops are defined. Furthermore, determining the feasibility of using effective ways to reduce the accumulation of As in rice was studied. AsV and AsIII are transported to the root through phosphate transporters and nodulin 26-like intrinsic channels. The silicic acid transporter may have a vital role in the entry of methylated As, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), into the root. Amongst As species, DMA(V) is particularly mobile in plants and can easily transfer from root to shoot. The OsPTR7 gene has a key role in moving DMA in the xylem or phloem. Soil properties can affect the uptake of As by plants. An increase in organic matter and in the concentrations of sulphur, iron, and manganese reduces the uptake of As by plants. Amongst the agronomic strategies in diminishing the uptake and accumulation of As in rice, using microalgae and bacteria is the most efficient.
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| 6. |
- Abedi, Tayebeh
(författare)
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Cadmium Uptake by Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): An Overview
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plants. - : MDPI AG. - 2223-7747. ; 9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that may be detected in soils and plants. Wheat, as a food consumed by 60% of the world's population, may uptake a high quantity of Cd through its roots and translocate Cd to the shoots and grains thus posing risks to human health. Therefore, we tried to explore the journey of Cd in wheat via a review of several papers. Cadmium may reach the root cells by some transporters (such as zinc-regulated transporter/iron-regulated transporter-like protein, low-a ffinity calcium transporters, and natural resistance-associated macrophages), and some cation channels or Cd chelates via yellow stripe 1-like proteins. In addition, some of the effective factors regarding Cd uptake into wheat, such as pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC), Fe and Mn oxide content, and soil texture (clay content), were investigated in this paper. Increasing Fe and Mn oxide content and clay minerals may decrease the Cd uptake by plants, whereas reducing pH and CEC may increase it. In addition, the feasibility of methods to diminish Cd accumulation in wheat was studied. Amongst agronomic approaches for decreasing the uptake of Cd by wheat, using organic amendments is most effective. Using biochar might reduce the Cd accumulation in wheat grains by up to 97.8%.
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| 7. |
- Abedi, Tayebeh, et al.
(författare)
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The Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Cell Wall-Associated Glycoproteins During Wood Formation in Populus
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant cell wall associated hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) are involved in several aspects of plant growth and development, including wood formation in trees. HRGPs such as arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), extensins (EXTs), and proline rich proteins (PRPs) are important for the development and architecture of plant cell walls. Analysis of publicly available gene expression data revealed that many HRGP encoding genes show tight spatio-temporal expression patterns in the developing wood of Populus that are indicative of specific functions during wood formation. Similar results were obtained for the expression of glycosyl transferases putatively involved in HRGP glycosylation. In situ immunolabelling of transverse wood sections using AGP and EXT antibodies revealed the cell type specificity of different epitopes. In mature wood AGP epitopes were located in xylem ray cell walls, whereas EXT epitopes were specifically observed between neighboring xylem vessels, and on the ray cell side of the vessel walls, likely in association with pits. Molecular mass and glycan analysis of AGPs and EXTs in phloem/cambium, developing xylem, and mature xylem revealed clear differences in glycan structures and size between the tissues. Separation of AGPs by agarose gel electrophoresis and staining with beta-D-glucosyl Yariv confirmed the presence of different AGP populations in phloem/cambium and xylem. These results reveal the diverse changes in HRGP-related processes that occur during wood formation at the gene expression and HRGP glycan biosynthesis levels, and relate HRGPs and glycosylation processes to the developmental processes of wood formation.
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| 8. |
- Abelein, A, et al.
(författare)
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High-yield Production of Amyloid-β Peptide Enabled by a Customized Spider Silk Domain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1, s. 235-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During storage in the silk gland, the N-terminal domain (NT) of spider silk proteins (spidroins) keeps the aggregation-prone repetitive region in solution at extreme concentrations. We observe that NTs from different spidroins have co-evolved with their respective repeat region, and now use an NT that is distantly related to previously used NTs, for efficient recombinant production of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. A designed variant of NT from Nephila clavipes flagelliform spidroin, which in nature allows production and storage of β-hairpin repeat segments, gives exceptionally high yields of different human Aβ variants as a solubility tag. This tool enables efficient production of target peptides also in minimal medium and gives up to 10 times more isotope-labeled monomeric Aβ peptides per liter bacterial culture than previously reported.
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| 9. |
- Aboshady, Hadeer Moursy, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic transcriptomic changes of goat abomasal mucosa in response to Haemonchus contortus infection
- 2020
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Ingår i: Veterinary Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0928-4249 .- 1297-9716. ; 51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are one of the major constraints for grazing sheep and goat production worldwide. Genetic selection for resistant animals is a promising control strategy. Whole-transcriptome analysis via RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) provides knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for complex traits such as resistance to GIN infections. In this study, we used RNA-seq to monitor the dynamics of the response of the abomasal mucosa of Creole goat kids infected with Haemonchus contortus by comparing resistant and susceptible genotypes. A total of 8 cannulated kids, 4 susceptible and 4 resistant to GIN, were infected twice with 10 000 L3 H. contortus. During the second infection, abomasal mucosal biopsies were collected at 0, 8, 15 and 35 days post-infection (dpi) from all kids for RNA-seq analysis. The resistant animals showed early activation of biological processes related to the immune response. The top 20 canonical pathways of differentially expressed genes for different comparison showed activation of the immune response through many relevant pathways including the Th1 response. Interestingly, our results showed a simultaneous time series activation of Th2 related genes in resistant compared to susceptible kids.
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| 10. |
- Aboshady, Hadeer Moursy
(författare)
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Genomic variation and molecular mechanisms of the host response to gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are one of the major constrains for sheep and goat production worldwide. One of the promising control strategies is the genetic selection for resistant animals as there are no issues due to anthelmintic resistance and it aligns to demands for chemical-free food. Exploring possible phenotypic and genomic markers that could be used in breeding scheme besides understanding the mechanisms responsible for resistance were the main goals of this thesis. Thesis consists of General introduction, a brief description of GIN biology and methods to control GIN with focus on phenotypic and genomic markers, four papers and General discussion. In paper Ⅰ, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to re-analyse and summarize the findings on immunoglobulins response to GIN in the literature and discuss the potential to use immunoglobulins as biomarkers of the host resistance. A conceptual model summarizing the role of immunoglobulins in resistance to GIN is proposed. In paper Ⅱ, transcriptome profiling of the abomasal mucosa and lymph node tissues were compared between non-infected, resistant and susceptible Creole goats experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Results indicated that the maintenance of the integrity of the mucosa has probably the priority for the host at late infection stage. In paper Ⅲ, the dynamics of the response of the abomasal mucosa of resistant and susceptible Creole goats experimentally infected with H. contortus were compared. The immune response was activated through many relevant pathways including the Th1 immune response at different time post-infection. Interestingly, the results showed a simultaneous time series activation of Th2 related genes in resistant compared to susceptible kids. In paper Ⅳ, the genomic variants of Creole goats resistant and susceptible to H. contortus were discovered from RNAsequencing data at four different times post-infection. Single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions that distinguish the resistant and the susceptible groups were identified and characterized through functional analysis. The T cell receptor signalling pathway was one of the top significant pathways that distinguish the resistant from the susceptible group with genomic variants in 78% of genes in this pathway.
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