| 1. |
- Blomgren, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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A computerised, unbiased method for epithelial measurement
- 2004
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Ingår i: Micron. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0968-4328 .- 1878-4291. ; 35, s. 319-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo develop and evaluate a standardised method for unbiased measurements of epithelial thickness taking the variability of the dermal papillae in consideration.MethodsA computer-assisted measurement program suitable for haematoxylin and eosin routine stained specimens has been developed.ResultsThe developed program was designed to measure four different distance parameters, taking the number, height and width of dermal papillae into account. The measurement program gave very accurate results compared with manual measurements. The measurement results can be presented as tables or star graphs, and the results can be further processed by multivariate analysis.ConclusionThe computer-assisted measurement program is considered to be a valuable and reliable tool for measurements of epithelial thickness, irrespectively of the variability of the epithelial morphology. Since length, size and number of the papillae may change with certain pathological conditions, age and also under hormonal influence, this method can be a helpful diagnostic tool.
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| 2. |
- Brödje, Catrine, 1959-
(författare)
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Den drunknade kvinnan : En förändrad genusordning i början av förra seklet
- 2002
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Ingår i: Samlaren. - Uppsala : Svenska Litteratursällskapet. - 0348-6133 .- 2002-3871. ; 123, s. 111-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Catrine Brödje, Women's death by drowning. A literary motif at the turn of the century 1900 The picture of a dead woman was a common motif around the previous turn of the century. In the four literary texts that I am studying in this essay, a woman drowns. The texts are Georg Heym's poem "Die Tote im Wasser", Bertolt Brecht's ballad "Vom ertrunkenen Mädchen", Kate Chopin's novel The Awakening and Anna Lenah Elgström's short story "Det sjungande barnet". It is strange that women's death by drowning is a common motif in these four different texts published between 1899 and 1927 in Sweden, Germany and the United States. It may be a coincidence, but the common motif is there and therefore calls for a comparison.Brecht's, Heym's, Chopin's and Elgström's texts are read in the light of the changed gender order, which was a result of the discourse on modernity in the early 1900s, and thereby the different gendered views on the motif women's death by drowning are made visible. The essay will explore the possibility of letting female and male writers establish a dialogue, where both the female and the male voices are heard instead of stopping at the fact that the motif of women's death by drowning becomes solely a male monologue.
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| 3. |
- Hildebrand, Kristina, 1963-
(författare)
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The Female Reader at the Round Table : Religion and Women in Three Contemporary Arthurian Texts
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stretching back at least a thousand years, Arthurian literature constitutes a vigorous and varied genre that attracts scholarly attention. In a close reading of three modern Arthurian texts, Mary Stewart’s Merlin trilogy, The Crystal Cave (1970), The Hollow Hills (1973), The Last Enchantment (1979), Marion Bradley’s The Mists of Avalon (1982), and Stephen Lawhead’s Pendragon Cycle, Taliesin (1987), Merlin (1988), Arthur (1989), Pendragon (1994), and Grail (1997), this study focuses on the intersection between two of the genre’s motifs: religion and gender. Inspired by the medieval Arthurian tradition, which is exemplified in my discussion by Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britanniae and Sir Thomas Malory’s Works, these three texts rewrite the medieval stories, not merely by changing the plots, but by expressing new political, social, and cultural views of the gendering of religion.Stewart’s, Bradley’s and Lawhead’s novels portray different religious traditions: respectively, an eclectic monotheism, Neo-Pagan Wicca, and Christianity. They also offer different gender perspectives: in Stewart, the ungendering of the narrator and the unobtrusive inclusion of women as independent actors; in Bradley, feminist and female religion; and in Lawhead, the rejection of women as independent actors in religion.Modelled on the feminist reader response theory developed by Patrocinio P. Schweickart, my reading centres on the female readers’ identification as moderated by her faith, and aims to demonstrate that the female reader’s response will inevitably be coloured by the objects of identification offered by the text, by their portrayal of women as religious actors, and by the feminisation of evil that is apparent in them. Besides privileging the female perspective, my reading also attempts to recognise and critique patriarchal portrayals of women. Ultimately, my study shows that the female reader’s identification or alienation proceed from the interaction of the her own experience with the texts’ portrayal of religion and gender.
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| 4. |
- Koinberg, Ingalill, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Breast cancer patients' satisfaction with a spontaneous system of check-up visits to a specialist nurse
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Oxford : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 16:3, s. 209-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe breast cancer patients' satisfaction with a spontaneous system of check-up visits to a specialist nurse.Background: There is little evidence that routine follow-up visits after breast cancer surgery influence survival or patient satisfaction. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate alternative follow-up programmes.Sample: A strategic sample of 19 breast cancer patients, who were not involved in a routine follow-up system but who had the possibility of contacting a specialist nurse when necessary, were interviewed.Method: A qualitative descriptive design inspired by the method of phenomenographic analysis was used.Findings: Five description categories and 606 statements showing similarities and differences in conceptions were obtained. The patients satisfaction with the knowledgeable and professional skills of the nurses was high. Confirmation and trust were important and necessary in order for the women with breast cancer to feel secure. Patients had a need for information and self-care education . Accessibility and early assessment by professional personnel or an oncology nurse were essential in a system without routine follow-ups.Discussion: This study identifies key issues in a specialist nurse-led check-up system. The findings can be used for developing an education programme for women who have undergone breast cancer surgery. Additionally, the findings emphasize the need to introduce more flexible solutions to the follow-up programmes, one alternative being specialist nurse-led check-ups.
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| 5. |
- Koinberg, Inga-Lill, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Nurse-led follow-up on demand or by a physician after breast cancer surgery : A randomised study
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - London : Churchill Livingstone. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 8:2, s. 109-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The value of routine follow-up with frequent visits to a breast cancer specialist - both in terms of detection of recurrence and patient satisfaction - has been questioned. The aim of this study was to compare nurse-ted follow-up on demand versus physician follow-up after breast cancer treatment with regards to patients’ well-being, satisfaction, access to medical care and medical safety. Two hundred and sixty-four consecutively selected women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, classified as UICC stage I or stage II, were randomised to follow-up at two hospitals in Sweden, either by routine medical follow-up, the physician group (PG, n = 131), or on demand by a specialist nurse, the nurse group (NG, n = 133). Measures were done at baseline and twice a year over a period of 5 years by means of a questionnaire containing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), and the Satisfaction and Accessibility (SaaC) scale. Number of contacts with the health care services, number of diagnostic procedures, and time to recurrence or death were monitored. The ratings of HAD and SaaC did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups. The levels of anxiety and depression were generally low and levels of patient satisfaction high. There were no differences between the groups concerning time to recurrence or death. This study indicates that women with breast cancer in stages I to II can be followed up by a specialist nurse with high patient satisfaction and good medical safety. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sand, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of long-term administration of cancer-promoting substances on oral subepithelial mast cells in the rat
- 2002
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - Athens : Hellenic Anticancer Institute. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 22, s. 2623-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of oral subepithelial mast cells in the defence against tumours is a matter of controversy. The effect of established and suggested carcinogens, such as the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) and Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), in combination with oral snuff on lower lip subepithelial mast cells (MC) was studied in rats. The rats were exposed to prolonged use of oral snuff. The test substances were administered in a surgically created canal in the lower lip of the rats. There were 15 rats in each test group and 10 rats in the control group. The amount of countable subepithelial mast cells decreased significantly when the rat oral mucosa was exposed to the oral carcinogen 4-NQO but the effect of oral snuff and HSV-1 infection was weak. Our findings suggest that mast cells play a role in immunological cell defence against chemical carcinogens. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Weidner, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Neural Signal Processing : The Underestimated Contribution of Peripheral Human C-Fibers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - : The Society for Neuroscience. - 1529-2401. ; 22:15, s. 6704-6712, s. 6704-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microneurography technique was used to analyze use-dependent frequency modulation of action potential (AP) trains in human nociceptive peripheral nerves. Fifty-one single C-afferent units (31 mechano-responsive, 20 mechano-insensitive) were recorded from cutaneous fascicles of the peroneal nerve in awake human subjects. Trains of two and four suprathreshold electrical stimuli at interstimulus intervals of 20 and 50 msec were applied to the receptive fields of single identified nociceptive units at varying repetition rates. The output frequency (interspike interval) recorded at knee level was compared with the input frequency (interstimulus interval) at different levels of accumulated neural accommodation.At low levels of use-dependent accommodation (measured as conduction velocity slowing of the first action potential in a train), intervals between spikes increased during conduction along the nerve. At increasing levels of neural accommodation, intervals decreased because of a relative supernormal period (SNP) and asymptotically approached the minimum "entrainment" interval of the nerve fiber (11 ± 1.4 msec) corresponding to a maximum instantaneous discharge frequency (up to 190 Hz).For neural coding, this pattern of frequency decrease at low activity levels and frequency increase at high levels serves as a mechanism of peripheral contrast enhancement. The entrainment interval is a good minimum estimate for the duration of the refractory period of human C-fibers.At a given degree of neural accommodation, all afferent C-units exhibit a uniform pattern of aftereffects, independent of fiber class. The receptive class of a fiber only determines its susceptibility to accommodate. Thus, the time course of aftereffects and existence or absence of an SNP is fully explained by the amount of preexisting accommodation.
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| 10. |
- Ørstavik, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Pathological C-fibres in patients with a chronic painful condition
- 2003
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Ingår i: Brain. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 126, s. 567-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the contribution of C-afferent fibres to chronic painful conditions in humans. We sought to investigate the role of C-fibres in the pathophysiology of pain and hyperalgesia in erythromelalgia as a model disease for chronic pain. Erythromelalgia is a condition characterized by painful, red and hot extremities, and patients often report tenderness on walking. We made microneurographic recordings from single C-fibres in cutaneous fascicles of the peroneal nerve in patients suffering from this disease. All patients had had a pain attack recently and psychophysical signs of allodynia and punctate hyperalgesia were found. We obtained recordings from a total of 103 C-fibres and found significantly lower conduction velocities and increased activity-dependent slowing of the conduction velocity of afferent C-fibres in the patients compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, several units with biophysical properties of mechano-insensitive fibres were pathological, being spontaneously active or sensitized to mechanical stimuli. Since these fibres also mediate the axon reflex flare, their hyperexcitability might account not only for ongoing pain and tenderness but also for redness and warming in this pain syndrome. The changes in conductive properties found in the C-fibres of these patients could be the first signs of a small-fibre neuropathy. This is the first systematic study of single C-fibres in patients and it shows an active contribution of mechano-insensitive fibres to chronic pain.
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