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- Bruhn, Anders
(författare)
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Individualiseringen och det fackliga kollektivet : En studie av industritjänstemäns förhållningssätt till facket
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is based on a research project focusing privately employed industrial white-collar workers in Gothenburg, Sweden. The project was initiated due to signs of changes in the way employees perceive and act in relation to the union. The aim of this thesis is to study the causes behind individual patterns of action in relation to union membership and activity. My ambition is to increase our knowledge of the conditions of unions in contemporary working life, as well as of organisations of interest more generally. The problem is tackled in two steps: First I describe and analyse the individual motives behind different patterns of action. Second I analyse contextual causes, both in the workplace and in society at large, behind changes in motives evidenced today. My point of departure is theories about value change and individualization. The concept of value is here used to analyse how the individualization process changes the conditions for organized collective behaviour. My methodological approach is multistrategic. The main component of the approach is qualitative interviews. I interviewed employees at seven different companys during the period of 1993-1995. 1997 these were complemented with a postal survey to a representative sample of the target group in Gothenburg. The analysis reveals a distinctive generation gap in motives in relation to union membership and activity. Group-utility based instrumental views about the union, often in connection with "solidarity" and other traditional union values, was quite common among the older employees. These views were related to "security-based" materialistic value patterns. Instrumental considerations based on personal utility were mote frequent among the younger employees and coexisted with "private post-materialistic" value patterns. The private postmaterialist is fairly open-minded, critically reflexive and ambivalent. He/she gives priority to "libertarian" values, such as personal development and self-fulfilment. Situationally bound activities and objects ate not evaluated in relation to any deeper ideological convictions. As a result of this peripheral values, attitudes and actions adapt rapidly to situational changes and opinions are easily altered. This is a "risk-group" for unions and other established organizations of interest. They are not against organized collectives as such. To participate though, they demand direct personal influence and benefits. To attract them unions has to revaluate both how activity is carried out and what issues to give priority. Private postmaterialism is, along with the more principled and ideologically based "social" variant of postmaterialism, a reflection of increasing individualism. Causes for value change and individualisation can be accounted for by changes in the socialisation process and the growing differentiation and fragmentation in todays complex society.
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| 2. |
- Ekelund, Ulf, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Total daily energy expenditure and patterns of physical activity in adolescents assessed by two different methods
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 9:5, s. 257-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring and an activity diary were used simultaneously during three days in 30 randomly selected adolescents (16 boys, 14 girls; mean age 15.0+/-1.0). Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and its components (energy expenditure during sleep, during rest and in physical activity) and times spent at different intensity levels (sedentary, light, moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity) were compared. TDEE from heart rate monitoring averaged 10.9+/-2.7 MJ x d(-1) compared to 11.3+/-2.3 MJ x d(-1) from the activity diary (NS). The limits of agreement (mean+/-2 SD) were -3.54 MJ x d(-1) and 2.74 MJ x d(-1). There was no significant difference for any of the TDEE components between the methods (MANOVA). A significant method effect (P<0.001) was observed for time spent in sedentary and light physical activity (MANOVA). No significant difference was observed for time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity. According to this, heart rate monitoring and activity diary are comparable for group assessment of TDEE and its components, and for estimating time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity. The activity diary underestimated time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity for inactive subjects and consequently overestimated highly active subjects.
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| 3. |
- Fjelstad, Jens, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Equivalence of Chern-Simons gauge theory and WZNW model using a BRST symmetry
- 1999
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 466:2-4, s. 227-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The equivalence between the Chern-Simons gauge theory on a three-dimensional manifold with boundary and the WZNW model on the boundary is established in a simple and general way using the BRST symmetry. Our approach is based on restoring gauge invariance of the Chern-Simons theory in the presence of a boundary. This gives a correspondence to the WZNW model that does not require solving any constraints, fixing the gauge or specifying boundary conditions.
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| 4. |
- Friis, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Review of social epidemiologic research on migrants' health : findings, methodological cautions, and theoretical perspectives
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0300-8037. ; 26, s. 173-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenomenon of world-wide immigration and migration has major implications for the health of the migrants in addition to its impact upon social and other service providers. Studies of migrants that utilize social epidemiologic methods fall within the traditional boundaries of descriptive and analytic approaches; this article reviews some of the studies that exemplify these approaches. It then suggests specific methodological issues and cautions pertaining to research on migrants and provides a theoretical model for organizing the diverse research studies that have been conducted. By stimulating discussion regarding social epidemiologic research on migrants' health, this model is intended to serve as a compass point for future research and needed interventions.
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| 5. |
- Greve, Jan, 1951-
(författare)
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Ekonomisystem och affärsstrategier
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to examine whether Management Accounting Systems (MAS) support business strategy. Or to put it more precisely - do various combinations of MAS and strategy result in differences in overall effectiveness for the firms, and will firms in general choose the MAS that contributes to the highest degree of effectiveness for the strategy employed? Data was collected through a survey. The objects studied were companies with at least 200 employees and with both a manufacturing and a marketing function. A questionnaire was sent to the marketing directors of 150 randomly selected companies. Response was received from 128 companies.It was found that firms could be classified according to three types of business strategy. Firms with a product developing strategy seek competitive advantages by developing and marketing new products. Firms with a marketing strategy gain competitive advantages by service and image-shaping activities and firms with a customising strategy look for solutions to problems that are specific for each individual customer.Properties of the MAS were used as input in a cluster analysis, and four different categories of MAS emerged. Companies with an extensive MAS scanned the environment, their planning systems played an important role and to a large extent they made use of non-financial measures. Focal systems were directed towards product- and customer accounting. Traditional systems displayed no distinctive features except for rather well-developed planning systems (budgets and marketing programmes). Simple systems were rather poorly equipped regarding all the features mentioned above.The conclusion was that generally firms do not choose a MAS that supports their business strategy. Firms with a product-developing strategy would be best supported by a focal system, but among those firms no preferences at all could be observed in their choice of MAS. Firms with a marketing strategy would do best with a traditional system, but a great majority of these firms preferred a focal system. Only among firms with a customisation strategy did a majority of the firms choose the MAS that proved to be the most supportive system for that strategic group, namely the simple system. However, the relation between MAS and strategy was rather weak in this group.
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| 6. |
- Hjorth Aronsson, Christina, 1948-
(författare)
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Struktur, handling och rumslig morfologi : Två fall av förnyelse och byggande i urban miljö
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation addresses problems concerning relations between decentralised welfare and centralised planning and building authorities as central matters in the public sector on communal level. Problems concerning relations between public planning and private market according to building are also focused. The study is based on Durkheim's macrosociology, social epistemology, and sociology of knowledge, developing an analysis model built upon Mary Douglas' grid-group typology, new-durkheimian theory of ritual action and urban semiotics. Key concepts are cosmologies, social welfare, market, and claims for influence on the process of physical planning. The analysis is made in relation to changes in welfare state perspective on macro level.The study's empirical material is collected from documents, official statistics, and interviews with essential actors in public sector and private enterprises, reflecting renewal efforts and of new planning.Decentralization of public decision-making evolves claims of local influence as results of new insights and knowledge among local professionals and politicians as results of new cooperation. Emancipation and ambivalence in relation central-local are consequences. Increased participation from private market on planning and building reflect knowledge-based differences and tensions due to their respective cosmological belonging. Changes in the post-war welfare sector are reflected in accumulated problems in a neighbourhood-area. Decarceration is reflected as normalisation in ordinary housing. On urban level, this reflects increased morphological, as well as socio-economical differentiation. Theoretically is discussed the possible expansion of grid-group typology through integrating concepts of action, of structure, and of spatial morphology (semiotics), called intra- and inter cosmological phenomena.
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| 7. |
- Hägglund, Doris, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary incontinence : an unexpected large problem among young females. Results from a population-based study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Family Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0263-2136 .- 1460-2229. ; 16:5, s. 506-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The International Continence Society has defined urinary incontinence as a condition in which involuntary loss of urine is objectively demonstrable and is a social or hygiene problem. Urinary incontinence is presumably a common health problem among women even in younger ages. Objectives.The primary aim was to investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in a female population with a special focus on younger women (18–30 years old). The secondary aim was to investigate the association between UI and number of deliveries, use of contraceptives or oestrogen substitutions, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods.A population-based study with a self-administered questionnaire was set in the community of Surahammar, Sweden. Subjects were all women (3493) aged 18–70 years living in Surahammar during 1995. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of UI and variables such as number of deliveries, use of contraceptives or oestrogen substitutions, and UTIs. Results. Twenty-six per cent of the women reported problems of UI. The prevalence of UI in younger women was 12%. The number of reported complaints of UTIs was significantly higher in the women with UI compared with women without urinary incontinence (wUI). In the younger women UTI, nulliparous or having given birth to one or two children were most frequent in those with UI. The use of contraceptives was more common in younger women without UI (P < 0.05). However, the use of oestrogen was more common in older women in the age group 51–70 years with UI (P < 0.01). Conclusion.Our findings have shown that 26% of the women who took part in the survey reported problems of UI. Among women below 30 years of age, 12% reported complaints of UI. We found a high prevalence of UI in younger women with a UTI, not taking oestrogen, nulliparous or having given birth to one or two children. There are needs for further investigations with a special focus on younger women
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| 10. |
- Parrow, V., et al.
(författare)
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Protein kinase C-alpha and -epsilon are enriched in growth cones of differentiating SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0360-4012 .- 1097-4547. ; 41:6, s. 782-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SH-SY5Y cells differentiate into neuronal-like cells and express marker proteins like growth-associated protein (GAP-43) and neuropeptide tyrosine when treated with a low concentration (16 nM) of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in the presence of growth factors or serum. Both control and differentiated cells expressed protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha), PKC-epsilon, and PKC-zeta as revealed by Western blot analyses, but the subcellular distribution of the three isoforms was not uniform, indicating specific localized functions of the enzymes. In growth cones prepared from differentiating cells PKC-alpha and PKC-epsilon were enriched. In contrast, PKC-zeta was more evenly distributed within the differentiating cell. Cells treated with a high concentration of TPA (1.6 microM) differentiate poorly and continue to proliferate. In those cells, PKC-alpha and PKC-epsilon were found to be down-regulated while PKC-zeta remained present. Thus, down-regulation of PKC-alpha and PKC-epsilon appears to be incompatible with neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. These cells also differentiate when treated with a combination of basic fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I. Growth cones isolated from such cells are also enriched in PKC-alpha and PKC-epsilon, but not in PKC-zeta. Based on the subcellular distribution of PKC-alpha and epsilon, and that PKC substrates like GAP-43 and pp60c-src are enriched in SH-SY5Y growth cones, a role during neurite growth is suggested.
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