| 1. |
- Abdelzadeh, Ali, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Procedural fairness and political trust among young people : evidence from a panel study on Swedish high school students
- 2015
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In: Acta Politica. - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.. - 0001-6810 .- 1741-1416. ; 50:3, s. 253-278
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The role of ‘fair’ institutions in developing democratic legitimacy has received increased attention. Citizens who perceive – on basis of past experiences – that they are being treated fairly by authorities have been held to have greater trust in political institutions. However, previous studies on the relationship between procedural fairness and political trust have not paid sufficient attention to individuals with limited first-hand experiences of authorities. We examine the relationship on an authority that virtually all individuals meet early in life: the school. Using structural equation modeling on unique panel data covering 1,500 Swedish adolescents (ages ranging from 13 to 17), we find a reciprocal relationship: personal encounters with school authorities shape young people’s political trust; however, the images that adolescents get of the political system (through family, peers, media, etc.) have also consequences on their perceptions about the authorities they encounter in their daily lives. The analysis increases our understanding of how individuals form their political allegiances by showing that the relationship between fairness and trust is more dynamic than has previously been suggested: neither an accumulated set of experiences of authorities nor formal ties with political institutions (as voters, etc.) are required for a relationship to emerge.
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| 2. |
- Adolfsson, Päivi, et al.
(author)
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Perception of the influence of environmental factors in the use of electronic planning devices in adults with cognitive disabilities
- 2016
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In: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115. ; 11:6, s. 493-500
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Adults with cognitive disabilities often have difficulties in dealing with the complexity of everyday life. With cognitive assistive technology (e.g. electronic planning devices [EPDs] and individual support), they can bring order to their often chaotic life. Assumptions are that environmental factors influence with non-use of EPDs.Objective: To explore how adults with cognitive disabilities perceive the influence of environmental factors in the use of EPDs.Methods: A reference group with experience of use of EPDs assisted the researchers. Twelve adults with cognitive disabilities and experience of using EPDs participated. An interview guide was implemented covering environmental factors according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Qualitative content analysis was applied in the analyses.Results: Five categories and two themes emerged, which were integrated into a model of facilitating factors influencing the use of EPDs. Measures to prevent or eliminate negative influences of the device use are important to be taken.Conclusions: Professionals need more knowledge about EPDs, while users need individual adaption of the EPDs. EPDs need to be user-friendly, manageable and work in any seasons.
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| 3. |
- Aghanavesi, Somayeh, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Verification of a Method for Measuring Parkinson's Disease Related Temporal Irregularity in Spiral Drawings
- 2017
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In: Sensors. - Basel : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 17:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- -value = 0.02). Test-retest reliability of TIS was good with Intra-class Correlation Coefficient of 0.81. When assessing changes in relation to treatment, TIS contained some information to capture changes from Off to On and wearing off effects. However, the correlations between TIS and clinical scores (UPDRS and Dyskinesia) were weak. TIS was able to differentiate spiral drawings drawn by patients in an advanced stage from those drawn by healthy subjects, and TIS had good test-retest reliability. TIS was somewhat responsive to single-dose levodopa treatment. Since TIS is an upper limb high-frequency-based measure, it cannot be detected during clinical assessment.
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| 4. |
- Agnew, Louise, et al.
(author)
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Factors associated with work ability in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorder grade II-III : a cross-sectional analysis
- 2015
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In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : FOUNDATION REHABILITATION INFORMATION. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 47:6, s. 546-551
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the factors related to self-perceived work ability in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorder grades II-III.Design: Cross-sectional analysis.Patients: A total of 166 working age patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorder.Methods: A comprehensive survey collected data on work ability (using the Work Ability Index); demographic, psychosocial, personal, work- and condition-related factors. Forward, stepwise regression modelling was used to assess the factors related to work ability.Results: The proportion of patients in each work ability category were as follows: poor (12.7%); moderate (39.8%); good (38.5%); excellent (9%). Seven factors explained 65% (adjusted R-2 = 0.65, p < 0.01) of the variance in work ability. In descending order of strength of association, these factors are: greater neck disability due to pain; reduced self-rated health status and health-related quality of life; increased frequency of concentration problems; poor workplace satisfaction; lower self-efficacy for performing daily tasks; and greater work-related stress.Conclusion: Condition-specific and psychosocial factors are associated with self-perceived work ability of individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorder.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ahmadi, Zainab, et al.
(author)
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Long-Term Oxygen Therapy 24 vs 15 h/day and Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- 2016
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In: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 11:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) ≥ 15 h/day improves survival in hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). LTOT 24 h/day is often recommended but may pose an unnecessary burden with no clear survival benefit compared with LTOT 15 h/day. The aim was to test the hypothesis that LTOT 24 h/day decreases all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality compared to LTOT 15 h/day in hypoxemic COPD. This was a prospective, observational, population-based study of COPD patients starting LTOT between October 1, 2005 and June 30, 2009 in Sweden. Overall and cause-specific mortality was analyzed using Cox and Fine-Gray regression, controlling for age, sex, prescribed oxygen dose, PaO2 (air), PaCO2 (air), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), WHO performance status, body mass index, comorbidity, and oral glucocorticoids. A total of 2,249 included patients were included with a median follow-up of 1.1 years (interquartile range, 0.6-2.1). 1,129 (50%) patients died and no patient was lost to follow-up. Higher LTOT duration analyzed as a continuous variable was not associated with any change in mortality rate (hazard ratio [HR] 1.00; (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.02) per 1 h/day increase above 15 h/day. LTOT exactly 24 h/day was prescribed in 539 (24%) patients and LTOT 15-16 h/day in 1,231 (55%) patients. Mortality was similar between the groups for all-cause, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. In hypoxemic COPD, LTOT 24 h/day was not associated with a survival benefit compared with treatment 15-16 h/day. A design for a registry-based randomized trial (R-RCT) is proposed.
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| 7. |
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AI och Robotar på 30 Sekunder : de 50 viktigaste idéerna och innovationerna inom intelligent maskinutveckling, var och en förklarad på en halv minut
- 2019
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Editorial collection (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Kan en intelligent maskin tänka? Hur kommer robotar att se ut i framtiden? Vad betyder ”djup maskininlärning”? Har det uppstått en klyfta mellan de människor som förstår sig på ny teknik och de som är rädda för den? Är det möjligt att människor och intelligenta maskiner kommer att förenas till en ny art? I AI och robotar på 30 sekunder hittar du svaren på dessa frågor och mycket mer. De 50 mest betydelsefulla upptäckterna inom utvecklingen av intelligenta maskiner presenteras i korta, lättillgängliga texter. Är du det minsta nyfiken på den teknologiska revolution som håller på att omskapa hela vår tillvaro har du hittat rätt bok. Den är en mångsidig vägvisaresom hjälper dig att navigera i den nya automatiserade verkligheten med ständigt närvarande datorer, smarta hem och städer och robotkolleger. Bokens redaktör Luis de Miranda är filosof och idéhistoriker och forskar om samspelet mellan människor och robotar, digital kultur och teknikens allt viktigare roll i vårt dagliga liv. För närvarande arbetar han med AI och digital humaniora vid Örebro universitet.
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| 8. |
- Alaie, Iman, et al.
(author)
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Uppsala Longitudinal Adolescent Depression Study (ULADS)
- 2019
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 9:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To present the Uppsala Longitudinal Adolescent Depression Study, initiated in Uppsala, Sweden, in the early 1990s. The initial aim of this epidemiological investigation was to study the prevalence, characteristics and correlates of adolescent depression, and has subsequently expanded to include a broad range of social, economic and health-related long-term outcomes and cost-of-illness analyses.Participants: The source population was first-year students (aged 16-17) in upper-secondary schools in Uppsala during 1991-1992, of which 2300 (93%) were screened for depression. Adolescents with positive screening and sex/age-matched peers were invited to a comprehensive assessment. A total of 631 adolescents (78% females) completed this assessment, and 409 subsequently completed a 15year follow-up assessment. At both occasions, extensive information was collected on mental disorders, personality and psychosocial situation. Detailed social, economic and health-related data from 1993 onwards have recently been obtained from the Swedish national registries for 576 of the original participants and an age-matched reference population (N=200 000).Findings to date: The adolescent lifetime prevalence of a major depressive episode was estimated to be 11.4%. Recurrence in young adulthood was reported by the majority, with a particularly poor prognosis for those with a persistent depressive disorder or multiple somatic symptoms. Adolescent depression was also associated with an increased risk of other adversities in adulthood, including additional mental health conditions, low educational attainment and problems related to intimate relationships.Future plans: Longitudinal studies of adolescent depression are rare and must be responsibly managed and utilised. We therefore intend to follow the cohort continuously by means of registries. Currently, the participants are approaching mid-adulthood. At this stage, we are focusing on the overall long-term burden of adolescent depression. For this purpose, the research group has incorporated expertise in health economics. We would also welcome extended collaboration with researchers managing similar datasets.
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| 9. |
- Ali, Imran, et al.
(author)
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Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and prostate cancer : population-based prospective cohort and experimental studies
- 2016
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In: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press. - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 37:12, s. 1144-1151
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly persistent environmental pollutants and are undesirable components of our daily food. PCBs are classified as human carcinogens, but the evidence for prostate cancer is limited and available data are inconsistent. We explored the link between non-dioxin-like PCB and grade of prostate cancer in a prospective cohort as well as in cell experiments. A population-based cohort of 32496 Swedish men aged 45-79 years was followed prospectively through 1998-2011, to assess the association between validated estimates of dietary PCB exposure and incidence of prostate cancer by grade (2789 cases, whereof 1276 low grade, 756 intermediate grade, 450 high grade) and prostate cancer mortality (357 fatal cases). In addition, we investigated a non-dioxin-like PCB153-induced cell invasion and related markers in normal prostate stem cells (WPE-stem) and in three different prostate cancer cell lines (PC3, DU145 and 22RV1) at exposure levels relevant to humans. After multivariable-adjustment, dietary PCB exposure was positively associated with high-grade prostate cancer, relative risk (RR) 1.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.76] and with fatal prostate cancer, RR 1.43 (95% CI: 1.05-1.95), comparing the highest tertile with the lowest. We observed no association with low or intermediate grade of prostate cancer. Cell invasion and related markers, including MMP9, MMP2, Slug and Snail, were significantly increased in human prostate cancer cells as well as in prostate stem cells after exposure to PCB153. Our findings both from the observational and experimental studies suggest a role of non-dioxin-like PCB153 in the development of high-grade and fatal prostate cancer.
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| 10. |
- Allvin, Renée, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Confident but not theoretically grounded : experienced simulation educators’ perceptions of their own professional development
- 2017
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In: Advances in Medical Education and Practice. - Macclesfield : DOVE Medical Press Ltd.. - 1179-7258. ; :8, s. 99-108
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Medical simulation enables the design of learning activities for competency areas (eg, communication and leadership) identi ed as crucial for future health care professionals. Simulation educators and medical teachers follow different career paths, and their education backgrounds and teaching contexts may be very different in a simulation setting. Although they have a key role in facilitating learning, information on the continuing professional development (pedagogical development) of simulation educators is not available in the literature. Objectives: To explore changes in experienced simulation educators’ perceptions of their own teaching skills, practices, and understanding of teaching over time.Methods: A qualitative exploratory study. Fourteen experienced simulation educators partici- pated in individual open-ended interviews focusing on their development as simulation educators. Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. Results: Marked educator development was discerned over time, expressed mainly in an altered way of thinking and acting. Five themes were identi ed: shifting focus, from following to utilizing a structure, setting goals, application of technology, and alignment with profession. Being con dent in the role as an instructor seemed to constitute a foundation for the instructor’s pedagogical development.Conclusion: Experienced simulation educators’ pedagogical development was based on self- con dence in the educator role, and not on a deeper theoretical understanding of teaching and learning. This is the rst clue to gain increased understanding regarding educational level and possible education needs among simulation educators, and it might generate several lines of research for further studies.
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