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- Lindblad, Jakob, 1964-
(författare)
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470 nya kyrkor : Bidrag till Sveriges arkitekturhistoria 1850-1890
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study critically examines the zealous building of 470 new parish churches in Sweden in 1850–1890; mainly replacing older churches in Västergötland, Småland and Scania; mainly new sites in Norrland. The primary source material is the church itself, meticulously examined in the fi eld and from archives, comparative analysis, the systemati-sation of formal elements and interpretation of architectural expression, characterisation of locations, plans, interiors and exteriors. The roles of initiators, architects, state/church authorities and building entrepreneurs are scrutinized as also liturgical demands, practical matters and the effects of growing populations and increased industrialisation leading to larger congregations, innovative building materials and new fashions. The results are extensively substantiated by analytical drawings, photographs, maps and tables of collated data, all new and by the author; fully availing of his training as architect, art-historian and Sockenkyrkoprojektet researcher. 18 churches are detailed in a representative sample. The parish church is its own art-historical genre. Each church is the sum of its parts interacting with its environs. When formal elements reoccur this refl ects practical solutions not always apparent from the written sources. A divergence between theory and practice is emphasised. Conforming rules, offi cial vetting and reuse of old drawings by the architects of Överintendentsämbetet were countered by master builders who deviated from approved designs, inspired by neighbouring churches. A spirit of architectural freedom fl ourished, encouraging creativity and novel architectural motifs. Traditional stylistic terminology is not applicable to these parish churches. Historical associations may have been sought, but were subsidiary to other demands of the building process. Individual architects and joint building ventures are identifi ed. Three ideals are isolated, variously utilizing form, light and height with a fashionable emphasis on spaciousness, the sacral and propriety. Today, increased secularisation and falling rural populations make these over-large churches an endangered cultural heritage.
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- Petersson, Maria, 1954-
(författare)
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Djurhållning och betesdrift : Djur, människor och landskap i västra Östergötland under yngre bronsålder och äldre järnålder
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on animal husbandry and organised grazing in western Östergötland during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. The primary aim is to investigate how animal husbandry was organised from a practical perspective. The thesis consists of a series of analyses of different source-material groups that illuminate various aspects of prehistoric animal husbandry. Only a small number of the archaeologically investigated three-aisled longhouses had a byre area. The livestock were mainly kept outdoors, in winter as well as in summer. The animal bones from settlements show that more beef was consumed and more horses were found at high-status settlements than at those of lower status. From the period 1000 BC–BC there are isolated hearths and hearth groups in central Östergötland that previously could not be connected to a specific archaeological context. In the author’s opinion, these sites represent bases in a system of well-organised grazing. It was here that shepherds and animals rested, ate and drank, and probably also overnighted. Many of the sites were used repeatedly during the entire period in question. In this landscape there are stone fence systems which show a strong connection to the settlement structure formed during the Late Iron Age, and parts of the systems seem to be medieval. They may also have elements from the Early Iron Age. The distribution of graves from the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age coincides with the stone fence systems. A special type of site that has one or two graves, with particular kinds of superstructures, is linked to these areas. In historical time these areas comprised the central production grounds for animal husbandry, and it seems that the areas functioned as central grazing grounds as far back as the Late Bronze Age.
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