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- Ohlsson, Henry, 1956-
(författare)
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Cost-benefit analysis of labor market programs : Applied to a temporary program in northern Sweden
- 1988
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study's objective is to evaluate the relief works and special projects that were in effect during the period 1983-1986 due to the labor force reduction of almost 2 000 persons at the LKAB Mining Company in 1983. These reductions caused the Swedish Parliament to set up a special labor market policy organization, the Malmfältsdelegation, which besides initiating relief works and special projects also functioned as an employment exchange, an employability assessment center, and a training organizer. The study has three mam chapters. In the first of these the welfare implications of public production in a disequilibrium model are analyzed. The background to this is that the traditional cost-benefit rules are not very well suited to this particular evaluation problem. The object of the chapter is to derive rules within the context of a model that, whilst simple, resembles in essential points the real world situation within which the Malmfältsdelegation had to work. The delegation's relief works and special projects are represented, in the model, by production in public firms. The second mam chapter is a descriptive account of the Malmfältsdelegation's relief works and special projects. The variables discussed are costs, subsidies, temporary employment, and permanent employment. In this chapter the distribution of these variables is accounted for according to type of subsidy-receiver, location of the projects, branch, and occupational groups. Furthermore, the plans are compared with the outcomes. The actual evaluation can be found in the final main chapter. By way of introduction, there is a discussion of what the labor market situation in Malmfälten would have been like in the absence of the temporary organization. With this as a lofetence, the actual incomes of the former LKAB-employees are compared with the incomes they would have had in two hypothetical alternative courses of events. The first of these implies that no extra labor market policy, measures had been taken and the other is based on the assumption that the former LKAB-employees had been offered labor market services to the same extent as other job-seekers in the inland area of northern Sweden. An analysis of the welfare effects of the Malmfältadelegation's relief works and special projects completes this chapter. This analysis is based on the cost-benefit rules presented in the first main chapter. The principle conclusions of the study are that labor market policy measures may give positive income and welfare effects in a region facing a situation similar to that faced by Malmfälten durinq the first half of the eighties. However, the Malrnfältadelegation's measures have not been more effective than those of the regular labor market policy organization.
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- Wanders, A., et al.
(författare)
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Abolition of the effect of cyclosporine on rat cardiac allograft rejection by the new immunomodulator LS-2616 (Linomide)
- 1989
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 47:2, s. 216-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of the quinoline-3-carboxamide LS-2616 (Linomide), given alone or together with cyclosporine, was studied in the first set cardiac allograft transplantation model in the rat. PVG rat hearts were transplanted heterotopically to Wistar/Kyoto rat recipients on day 0. The recipients were given LS-2616 orally on day -1 to rejection and/or CsA orally on days 0-9. In untreated animals rejection occurred on days 8-9, as judged by the absence of palpable pulsations. Treatment with CsA (5 or 10 mg/kg) resulted in prolongation of graft survival to days 17-21, i.e., the rejection occurred 8-10 days after cessation of treatment. LS-2616 in a dose of 160 mg/kg did not in itself have any impact on graft survival, but when given in doses of 40 or 160 mg/kg simultaneously with CsA (10 mg/kg), the effect of CsA was totally abolished. Animals treated with LS-2616 together with CsA had slightly lower trough blood levels than those treated with CsA alone. This interaction with CsA pharmacokinetics does not explain the results, as doubling of the CsA dose to 20 mg/kg, which well compensated for the difference in blood levels, was not sufficient to reverse the effect of LS-2616. To our knowledge this is the first compound known to abolish the effect of CsA. The mechanism is unknown, but is is possible that studies on the interaction between these two drugs will shed further light on the molecular basis of their modes of action.
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- Wanders, A., et al.
(författare)
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The enhancing effect of cyclosporine A and sulfasalazine on the prevention of rejection in rat cardiac allografts
- 1988
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Ingår i: Transpl Int. ; 1:2, s. 113-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfasalazine (SASP) has been used for many years as a disease-modifying agent in inflammatory bowel disease and in rheumatoid arthritis. However, its mode of action is not entirely clear. Evidence has been accumulated which indicates that its efficacy is due to an immunomodulatory effect. In the present communication, we report that SASP has an immunomodulatory capacity in an experimental rat cardiac allograft model. A combination of 100 mg/kg per day of SASP given orally until rejection and 10 mg/kg per day of cyclosporine A (CyA) given orally for 10 days resulted in a significantly increased graft survival time as compared to that in animals given CyA alone.
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