| 11. |
- Bååth, Carina, 1959-, et al.
(author)
-
Pressure reducing intervention among persons with pressure ulcers : results from the first three national pressure ulcer prevalence surveys in Sweden
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - : Wiley. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 20:1, s. 58-65
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rationale, aims and objectivesThe overall aim of this study was to describe preventive interventions among persons with pressure ulcer (PU) in three nationwide PU prevalence surveys in Sweden.MethodsA cross-sectional research design was used; more than 70 000 persons from different hospitals and nursing homes participated in the three prevalence surveys conducted in March 2011, October 2011 and March 2012.The methodology used was that recommended by the European Pressure Ulcers Advisory Panel.ResultsThe overall prevalence of PU categories I–IV in hospitals was 16.6%, 14.4% and 16.1%, respectively. Corresponding figures for nursing homes were 14.5%, 14.2% and 11.8%, respectively. Heel protection/floating heels and sliding sheets were more frequently planned for persons with PU category I.ConclusionsDespite the three prevalence studies that have showed high prevalence of PU the use of preventing interventions is still not on an acceptable level. Heel protection/floating heels and sliding sheets were more frequently planned for persons with PUs, and individual-planned repositioning also increased. However, when persons already have a PU they should all have pressure-reducing preventive interventions to prevent the development of more PUs. Preventing PUs presents a challenge even when facilities have prevention programmes. A PU prevention programme requires an enthusiastic leader who will maintain the team's focus and direction for all staff involved in patient care.
|
|
| 12. |
- Dell, Holger, et al.
(author)
-
Exponential Time Complexity of the Permanent and the Tutte Polynomial
- 2014
-
In: ACM Transactions on Algorithms. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1549-6333 .- 1549-6325. ; 10:4, s. 21-21
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We show conditional lower bounds for well-studied #P-hard problems: -The number of satisfying assignments of a 2-CNF formula with n variables cannot be computed in time exp(o(n)), and the same is true for computing the number of all independent sets in an n-vertex graph. -The permanent of an n x n matrix with entries 0 and 1 cannot be computed in time exp(o(n)). -The Tutte polynomial of an n-vertex multigraph cannot be computed in time exp(o(n)) at most evaluation points (x, y) in the case of multigraphs, and it cannot be computed in time exp(o(n/poly log n)) in the case of simple graphs. Our lower bounds are relative to (variants of) the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH), which says that the satisfiability of n-variable 3-CNF formulas cannot be decided in time exp(o(n)). We relax this hypothesis by introducing its counting version #ETH; namely, that the satisfying assignments cannot be counted in time exp(o(n)). In order to use #ETH for our lower bounds, we transfer the sparsification lemma for d-CNF formulas to the counting setting.
|
|
| 13. |
- Dérand, Per, et al.
(author)
-
Glomangioma: a case presentation.
- 2010
-
In: Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. - : Elsevier BV. - 1531-5053 .- 0278-2391. ; 68:1, s. 204-7
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 14. |
- Dominguez, Cecilia A., et al.
(author)
-
The DQB1*03:02 HLA haplotype is associated with increased risk of chronic pain after inguinal hernia surgery and lumbar disc herniation
- 2013
-
In: Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 154:3, s. 427-433
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neuropathic pain conditions are common after nerve injuries and are suggested to be regulated in part by genetic factors. We have previously demonstrated a strong genetic influence of the rat major histocompatibility complex on development of neuropathic pain behavior after peripheral nerve injury. In order to study if the corresponding human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA) also influences susceptibility to pain, we performed an association study in patients that had undergone surgery for inguinal hernia (n = 189). One group had developed a chronic pain state following the surgical procedure, while the control group had undergone the same type of operation, without any persistent pain. HLA DRB1genotyping revealed a significantly increased proportion of patients in the pain group carrying DRB1*04 compared to patients in the pain-free group. Additional typing of the DQB1 gene further strengthened the association; carriers of the DQB1*03:02 allele together with DRB1*04 displayed an increased risk of postsurgery pain with an odds risk of 3.16 (1.61-6.22) compared to noncarriers. This finding was subsequently replicated in the clinical material of patients with lumbar disc herniation (n = 258), where carriers of the DQB1*03:02 allele displayed a slower recovery and increased pain. In conclusion, we here for the first time demonstrate that there is an HLA-dependent risk of developing pain after surgery or lumbar disc herniation; mediated by the DRB1*04 - DQB1*03:02 haplotype. Further experimental and clinical studies are needed to fine-map the HLA effect and to address underlying mechanisms.
|
|
| 15. |
- Dorkhan, Marjan, et al.
(author)
-
Crystalline anatase-rich titanium can reduce adherence of oral streptococci
- 2014
-
In: Biofouling (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0892-7014 .- 1029-2454. ; 30:6, s. 751-759
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dental implant abutments that emerge through the mucosa are rapidly covered with a salivary protein pellicle to which bacteria bind, initiating biofilm formation. In this study, adherence of early colonizing streptococci, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguinis to two saliva-coated anodically oxidized surfaces was compared with that on commercially pure titanium (CpTi). Near edge X-ray absorption (NEXAFS) showed crystalline anatase was more pronounced on the anodically oxidized surfaces than on the CpTi. As revealed by fluorescence microscopy, a four-species mixture, as well as individual bacterial species, exhibited lower adherence after 2 h to the saliva-coated, anatase-rich surfaces than to CpTi. Since wettability did not differ between the saliva-coated surfaces, differences in the concentration and/or configuration of salivary proteins on the anatase-rich surfaces may explain the reduced bacterial binding effect. Anatase-rich surfaces could thus contribute to reduced overall biofilm formation on dental implant abutments through diminished adherence of early colonizers.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Ekstrand, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
Twelve-month follow-up of advance provision of emergency contraception among teenage girls in Sweden-a randomized controlled trial
- 2013
-
In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 118:4, s. 271-275
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intervention with advance provision of emergency contraceptive pills (ECP), condoms, and extended information to a targeted group of teenage girls, compared with a control group, 12 months after intervention. Material and methods. A randomized controlled trial among 420 girls, 15-19 years old, requesting emergency contraception at a youth clinic in Sweden was carried out. Data were collected by a questionnaire at the initial visit and structured telephone interviews 12 months after enrolment. Differences between the intervention group and the control group regarding ECP use, time interval from unprotected intercourse to ECP intake, contraceptive use, and sexual risk-taking were analysed. Results. One year after the intervention 62% of the girls could be reached for follow-up. The girls in the intervention group reported a shorter time interval (mean 15.3 hours) from unprotected intercourse to ECP intake compared to the control group (mean 25.8 hours) (p = 0.019), without any evidence of decreased use of contraceptives or increased sexual risk-taking. Conclusion. Even up to 12 months following the intervention, advance provision of ECP at one single occasion, to a specific target group of adolescent girls, shortens the time interval from unprotected intercourse to pill intake, without jeopardizing contraceptive use or increasing sexual risk-taking. Considering the clinical relevance of these results, we suggest that advance provision of ECP could be implemented as a routine preventive measure for this target group.
|
|
| 18. |
- Eliasson, Alf, 1959, et al.
(author)
-
A 5-year prospective clinical study of submerged and nonsubmerged Paragon system implants in the edentulous mandible.
- 2010
-
In: The International journal of prosthodontics. - 0893-2174 .- 1139-9791. ; 23:3, s. 231-8
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical outcome of two different surgical protocols in the edentulous mandible: submerged and nonsubmerged. Further, the Paragon dental implant with a titanium plasma-sprayed surface was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine consecutively treated patients with 168 implants supporting fixed prostheses were included. All but 3 patients were provided 6 implants, placed via nonsubmerged healing on one side and submerged healing on the other. Data were collected from patient records and radiographs. Twenty-four patients participated in the 5-year clinical follow-up examination. RESULTS: After 5 years, all patients still had their mandibular fixed prostheses in function. Cumulative survival rates were 100% for prostheses and 99.4% for implants. However, 3 implants fractured in 1 patient. One submerged implant was lost before loading but no further implants were lost during follow-up. The radiographic bone loss was small for all implants with a mean of 0.14 mm (standard deviation [SD]: 0.37) at 1 year and 0.42 mm (SD: 0.48) at 5 years for nonsubmerged implants and 0.17 mm (SD: 0.32) at 1 year and 0.51 mm (SD: 0.33) at 5 years for submerged implants. Nineteen implants (including the 3 that fractured) presented annual bone loss exceeding 0.2 mm after the first year, yielding a cumulative success rate of 86.2% after 5 years. CONCLUSION: Single-stage surgery was shown to have the same predictability as two-stage surgery in the anterior edentulous mandible. Paragon implants with a titanium plasma-sprayed surface showed a fracture rate of 2.2% and a success rate of 86.2% after 5 years.
|
|
| 19. |
- Engvall, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
The dynamics of conflict in southern Thailand
- 2014
-
In: Asian Economic Papers. - : MIT Press. - 1535-3516 .- 1536-0083. ; 13:3, s. 169-189
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prolonged insurgency in Southern Thailand has claimed thousands of victims since the outbreak of major violence in 2004. Drawing on a unique data set covering all violent incidents since 2004, a hotspot analysis shows that the bulk of the violence is concentrated in clusters of sub-districts forming hotbeds of conflict. Drivers of conflict are identified through a comparative analysis of the hotspots of violence with less violent areas. The analysis shows that identity manifested in language use and religious practices (rather than international borders, infrastructure, and physical geography) influence the prevalence and patterns of violence.
|
|
| 20. |
- Eriksson, Lars, et al.
(author)
-
Analgesic efficacy and clinical acceptability of adjunct pre-emptive intravenous tramadol in midazolam sedation for third molar surgery
- 2012
-
In: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Springer. - 1865-1550 .- 1865-1569. ; 17:3, s. 193-199
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction This study aims to compare two routine procedures of sedation, with and without intravenous adjunct analgesia, in third molar surgery regarding postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics. Material and methods In a randomized, controlled, single-blinded procedure, 87 men and women aged 18–44 years were divided into two treatment groups, midazolam + tramadol (M + T) and midazolam + saline (M + S), and one control group (C), with no additional medication. After removal of a third lower molar, patients recorded postoperative pain on a visual analog scale (VAS) and consumption of analgesics during the first day after surgery. Results Time from the end of operation until first rescue pill (400 mg Ibuprofen tablet) differed significantly between the M + S group (193 min) and the C group (110 min) (p = 0.001) as well as the M + T group (157 min) and the C group (p = 0.049). The study did not show any significant reduction of postoperative pain, VAS, after third molar surgery in patients who received adjunct pre-emptive intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg tramadol under midazolam sedation. Discussion and conclusion The lack of significant difference between the study and placebo groups indicates that tramadol at 1 mg/kg might be an insufficient dose, though the suitability for tramadol in oral and maxillofacial surgery has already been settled in other studies.
|
|
