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- Danbolt, Lars Johan
(författare)
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De sørgende og begravelsesriten : en religionspsykologisk studie
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation addresses the importance of the funeral week for bereaved people and the role of their religiousness in this context.The empirical investigation is based on a Norwegian sample of 70 bereaved persons and shows that participation in activities and ceremonies of leave-taking during the burial week (called "mourning conduct") was of great importance as a time to mourn. Four aspects of grief are studied: sadness, depression, anxiety, and loss-related experiences. Little grieving conduct during the burial week was associated with a more intense and long-lasting grief process, in particular anxiety and loss-related experiences.Religious activities, belief, and experience played a part in how the bereaved person went through the burial rite as well as through the following grief process. During the first year of bereavement many took part in symbolic activities, such as participation in religious services or candle-lighting in the church-yard. Contradictory movements are revealed between symbolic activities inside and outside the church-house; those who did not go to church lit candles in the church-yard more often.The theoretical discussion employs psychoanalytic theories of creativity in order to expand the traditional reactive approach to mourning. The re-creative approach is found more suitable for developing a conception of grief that is more existential, which seems to help to understand grief in relation to religious rituals and the importance of the burial rite. The grief process is discussed in relation to the continuous experience of recreation, namely the nature cycles (i.e., day and night, year). This approach points toward strong theoretical relations between the continuous and the acute experiences of loss and re-creation. The nature cycles are also among the main metaphors for bothgrief and religiousness.
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- Heffermehl, Fabian
(författare)
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Bildet sett fra innsiden : Ikonoklastiske og matematiske konsepter i Florenskijs omvendte perspektiv
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For the Armenian-Russian mathematician, theologian and art-theoretician Pavel Florensky (1882–1937), the so-called reverse perspective of the Byzantine cult-image (in Greek: eikon) functioned not only as a phenomenon within painting, but also as an expression of a world-view that should ultimately define a cultural distinction between Russia and Europe. Florensky argued in various ways that the Russian-Orthodox reverse perspective represents ethical and aesthetical values that are superior to the Western linear perspective. He saw the lack of an exact definition of depth in the icon as an expression of true religious orientation towards a spiritual realm, which cannot be described within frames of our earthly – or Euclidean – categories of space and time. In other words, the reverse perspective became regarded as a real reversal of Western painting, requesting a different space, a different observer, and a different concept of reality.This dissertation is an “archeological excavation” in the 20th century Russian-Orthodox icon theology. By analyzing theories of Florensky in the first line, and also a number of his contemporaries and predecessors, I identify a complex of different layers similar to a palimpsest. In this palimpsest, archaism, paganism, patristic theology, and romanticism interact with a modern re-conceptualization of the medieval Orthodox icon. However, in a usual palimpsest the old letters shine through the new ones; Florensky, on the contrary, seems to project paradigms of his contemporary culture and science into his description of the medieval icon. In this case, would the reverse perspective not instead be a reverse palimpsest, where new texts become visible in the old texts? With this question, my dissertation introduces an approach to Florensky and the icon that is more complex than what has been the case in earlier research. A usual explanation of the formal aesthetics of the icon is that the icon painter directs his/her spirit towards Heaven and, consequently – and in contrast to the Renaissance painter – does not try to make a mimesis of the earthly things. However, I argue that this dichotomy between a profane and spiritual mentality should be regarded both as a condition for Florensky’s world view and, at the same time, as a construction produced by his thinking.
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- Jernsletten, Johnny-Leo Ludviksen, 1967-
(författare)
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"Med rett til å gjete..." : Utfordringer og muligheter i Liehittäjä konsesjonssameby
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denne avhandlingen fokuserer på den unike formen for reindrift som vi finner i Kalix og Torne elvedaler i Nord-Sverige – den såkalte konsesjonsreindriften. Konsesjonsreindriften er interessant på flere måter. Den har en interessant historisk utvikling som er forskjellig fra den utviklingen som har vært i Lappmarken. Videre er det en interessant juridisk utvikling som har funnet sted og det tradisjonelle «vérdde-forholdet» har blitt revitalisert og modernisert gjennom sytingsreinsystemet. Det lovmessige utgangspunktet for konsesjonsreindriften er knyttet opp mot den samiske renskötselsrätt gjennom konsesjonsinnehaver mens bruksrettigheter, spesielt til sommerbeite, er knyttet til skötesrenegarna private eiendomsrett. Konsesjonsreindriften må derfor forstås som en kulturbærer og næring som er fundamentert på både en samisk og lokal sedvane samt privat eiendomsrett. Konsesjonen er en tidsbegrenset avtale (1-10 år) mellom den svenske stat, private markeiere og en eller flere samiske konsesjonsinnehavere. Konsesjonsreindriften, slik vi kjenner den i dag, ble første gang lovregulert av svenske myndigheter i 1928 års reindriftslov. Konsesjonsreindriften skiller seg fra den samiske reindriften gjennom sytingsreineiernes aktive deltakelse i samebyen gjennom sin status som renskötende medlem. Avhandlingen tar opp hvordan deler av lokalbefolkningen, gjennom sine sytingsrein, blir en aktiv del av reindriften og hvordan regelverket knyttet til medlemskap i samebyen genererer noen interessante forvaltningsmessige prinsipper for forvaltning av denne næringen,. En slik lokalt forankret forvaltning er med på å dempe klassiske konflikter mellom reindriften på den ene siden og jord- og skogsbruket på den andre siden.
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| 7. |
- Sundet, Marit
(författare)
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Jeg vet jeg er annerledes - men ikke bestandig : En antropologisk studie av hverdagslivet til fem personer med psykisk utviklingshemming : [an anthropological study of the everyday life of five persons with intellectual disability]
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is an anthropological study of the everyday lives of five individuals with intellectual disability.A particular period of their lives has been investigated through participant observation and interviews. During this period of time, the informants have moved from institutional living to more regular accommodations as part of a reform process in Norway. The study critically examines social values and attitudes that influence and constrain the everyday lives of intellectually disabled people. The study addresses some central methodological and theoretical problems in the field of studies of intellectually disabled. It focuses on the more or less explicitly formulated dilemmas in society's organised courses of action and services for intellectually disabled people. It is argued that the way in which intellectually disabled people are perceived and treated depends on the wider significance that society ascribes to the category 'intellectually disabled.' This hegemonic social understanding has a key-role in shaping 'normal' people's everyday experiences of disabled individuals they encounter. The study employs discourse analysis to describe this influence on different levels of social action. It is shown that the demands and hopes associated with the situation at hand, are dependent on whom takes part in the interaction process, the physical arena, and who dominates the interaction. The study suggests that the disabled are able to interpret 'the other's' experience in relation to him/herself and the surroundings. When disabled have the opportunity to transcend their social confines and stand forth as autonomous individuals, they present a challenge to the prevailing Norwegian understanding of normality.
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| 10. |
- Øygarden, Geir Angell
(författare)
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Den brukne neses estetikk. En bok om boksing.
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about boxing. More precisely it is about the meaning of boxing. And since it is about the question of meaning, it is also about the question of culture. This thesis aims to identify the system of meaning produced in the inside of the culture of boxing. Put differently, the objective has been the laying bare of the internal construction of the cultural form that boxing is. The empirical data has been gathered through participant observation or, as it is termed in the thesis: full-contact sociology. The field studies alluded to hereby have been conducted over a period of three years in two different boxing clubs in Södermalm, Stockholm. One of these clubs was for amateurs, the other for both amateurs and professional boxers.The thesis consists of three sections: one empirical, one theoretical and one existential. In the first section, a detailed account of the empirical material is presented. The second section is a multidimensional reconstruction of the culture of boxing. These sections make up the thesis in an argumentative sense. In the third section, three specific aspects of the culture studied are discussed - solitude, pain and death. This is done in order to criticize the practice of interpretation meaning in sociology.
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