| 1. |
- Bravo Cladera, Nadezhda, 1944-
(författare)
-
Y, PERO, ASÍ QUE y ES QUE : Un estudio de su uso en las interacciones del español de jóvenes bilingües y unilingües
- 2004
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this study is use of discourse markers (DM). Data consists of taped interactions of informants. From this data, four particular DM are analyzed with regard to distribution in turn taking. The concepts of cohesion and coherence in text or discourse, together with informants´ communicative and discourse strategies, in a group of bilingual speakers (BS) and a control group of monolingual speakers (MS), are also analyzed. The findings confirm that BS, compared to the MS, make more frequent use of y with a pragmatic meaning when introducing various types of questions that constitute requests for elucidation directed to an interlocutor and thereby continue the interaction. In general, however, the MS use the DM y more frequently than the BS, demonstrating a more elaborate sense of stylistics in the coordination of their turn as narrations and descriptions. With regard to pero, the BS prefer to use this DM with a pragmatic meaning, in the continuation of an intervention or at the end of a turn, in order to question that which has been stated. The MS use pero primarily with a semantic meaning, to express counter-arguments inside a turn. It is exclusively the BS who use the DM así que with pragmatic meaning of consequence, in interactional exchanges, when they wish to introduce questions and assertions, where así que begins their reaction to the utterance of the interlocutor. Such questions may be regarded as a discourse strategy that permits possibilities for avoiding taking responsibility for how an utterance is interpreted. In addition, both the BS and the MS use así que at the end of turns, providing the discourse with meta-pragmatic meaning whereby it allows possibilities for interpreting this as finalizing. Through their use of es que, the BS gradually explain and justify statements made in utterances during their turns while the MS, through use in their discourse of this DM, allows them to introduce explications, justifications or excuses in the event of possible disagreement. In addition, the MS use justification introduced through this DM as a strategy to take a turn or to attempt to take over the turn, where es que conveys discourse-pragmatic meaning and introduces a tone of verbal courtesy.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Gille, Johan
(författare)
-
Pautas argumentativas en el diálogo espontáneo : un estudio de conversaciones intra e interculturales
- 2001
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study aims to develop a method for the analysis of argumentative patterns in spontaneous dialogue (Chapters 1-3), and to apply this method to samples of face-to-face interaction (Chapters 4-7). The purpose of the applied study is twofold: to evaluate the proposed method and to provide a contrastive description of the communicative style of Swedish and Spanish speakers in intra- and intercultural same-gender and mixed-gender dialogues.The study emphasises the co-operative and dynamic features inherent in argumentation in interaction as well as the dialogical nature of all conversational contributions. Argumentation is defined as a dynamic process whereby opinions are negotiated in interaction. The argumentative process is analysed into separable argumentative moves that are performed explicitly or implicitly, and whose domain is the idea unit (sense unit). The primary aim of argumentation is identified as that of making one standpoint, as reflected in an overtly or covertly expressed opinion, prevail over other possible or expressed standpoints/opinions. This general objective encompasses the specific interactive aims of creating adherence in the audience to a standpoint, and that of making the audience prepared to act.The model proposed comprises a set of argumentative and non-argumentative moves, defined by four sets of binary distinctive features: [+/– new topic], [+/– agreement], [+/– new information], and [+/– standpoint]. In addition, the model discriminates between self-directed and other-directed moves.The empirical study focuses on six of the argumentative moves (acceptance, rejection, other-support, self-support, other-objection, and self-objection). Linguistic strategies used for implementing these moves are identified. The strategies and the frequencies with which the various moves occur are correlated with two prototypical communicative styles: ‘collaborative’ vs. ‘self-assertive’. On the basis of the analysis, argumentative profiles are traced for each of the four participant categories in each of the four contexts analysed. The analysis, apart from revealing systematic differences between the groups, lends empirical support to the proposed method.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Magriñá Badiella, Carles, 1974-
(författare)
-
Post tenebras spero lucem : Alquimia y ritos en el Quijote y otras obras cervantinas
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study focuses on two areas: alchemy (Part I) and rituals of initiation (Part II) in the works of Miguel de Cervantes, focusing on Don Quijote de la Mancha as my main case study.The first part analyses the function of alchemy and how it can be interpreted throughout the works and various literary genres of Cervantes. It will demonstrate that the texts of Cervantes contain both explicit and implicit allusions to, as well as different aspects of alchemy, such as operative and spiritual alchemy and how these are ultimately used by Cervantes as a means of expression. The author draws from this rich source and modifies these means of expression in order to achieve various results: sometimes with wit or in relation to fraud; at other times it focuses on inner alchemy relating to chivalry in what I have called spiritual chivalry, which has the aim of self-improvement and ultimately, gnosis. Regarding the chivalric rituals of initiation, according to this investigation chivalry serves as both satire and representation of the alchemical process in the case of Don Quijote, which finds its key moments during the rituals. In this sense alchemy and chivalry are studied as two sides of the same coin, in which the search for something higher, an object (the philosopher stone, the beloved), subjects the protagonist to continuous transmutations and puts him in contact with the transitory, that is, liminal states, people and spaces. From this perspective Don Quixote de la Mancha is built upon liminal poetics.My approach, which follows the tenets of analogical hermeneutics, is included within the framework of the Western Esotericism Studies. The 16th and 17th centuries were a fertile age for alchemy throughout Europe. In Spain, alchemy and other esoteric disciplines co-existed with the Spanish Inquisition and its body for the control of ideas and texts: censorship. By being ambiguous and putting into dialogue different ideas of alchemy, Cervantes not only allowed readers to reach their own conclusions, he also protected his work from censorship.
|
|
| 9. |
- Michel López, Marcos Rodolfo, 1967-
(författare)
-
Patrones de Asentamiento Precolombino del Altiplano Boliviano : Lugares Centrales de la Región de Quillacas, Departamento de Oruro, Bolivia
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Archaeology in Bolivia has two strong tendencies: nationalism and regionalism. The proposal aims for an academic reconstruction and expansion of this science in order to develop new scientific criteria, that can be institutionalized and become normative to the whole country to cover the expectations of different regions with regard to its past.A fundamental aspect of providing Bolivian archaeological research with new perspectives is the study of formation and development of Andean central places of historic, infrastructural and ritual importance, such Huari, Quillacas, Sevaruyo, Pampa Aullagas and San Miguel de Uruquilla. Research conducted in the south basin of the Lake Poopo identifies evidence of early settlement in Huari towards the Late Archaic period (approximately 4000 to 2000 BC) and the Formative (2000 BC to AD 300), when the first villages were established. This indicates that the formation of agricultural towns was produced by consolidation of multiethnic central places that first consisted of ayllus, socio-dynamic units that gathered together settlers from different regions that simultaneously formed an ample network of centres interconnecting the Andean complex geography, interweaving their cultural diversity owing to the common ideology of Tiwanaku. Routes and llama caravans (llama trekking) integrated this network of central places.As indicated by surveys and excavations, convergence of groups from different regions has been recognized in rests of material culture as shown in the ceramic distribution: Local Tiwanaku, Tiwanaku from Cochabamba, Yura, Huruquilla, Puqui, Mojocoya and remains of festivities at the centres during redistribution ceremonies, as well as ritual offers during the Early Regional Development period (300 to AD 900). This dynamic and preponderant ideology was completely transformed during Late Regional Developments (900 to AD 1460) when a series of regional conflicts determined the formation of the regional confederation known as Quillacas- Azanaques. At the time of the Inka Conquest (1460– AD 1530), the Lake Poopo basin was integrated into the Tawantinsuyo region through the implementation of the Royal Road and construction of Paria, Quillacas, San Miguel de Uruquilla and the Sevaruyo lodgings.During the Colonial (1530 - 1825) and Republican periods (1825 - ), the Spaniards made changes that imply a deterioration of the socio-political structures of the ayllus, its territorial fragmentation and creation of new reductions for mining operations.Recent archaeological research supports the proposition that populated centres in the Andean region of Bolivia were adapted to take advantage of the ecological variability through the social construction of the ayllu and the markas, centres that maintain dynamics, fluctuants and confluence in productive and ritual places.
|
|
| 10. |
- Sánchez Canedo, Walter, 1962-
(författare)
-
Inkas, “flecheros” y mitmaqkuna : Cambio social y paisajes culturales en los Valles y en los Yungas de Inkachaca/Paracti y Tablas Monte (Cochabamba-Bolivia, siglos XV-XVI)
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research work addresses the changes that occurred in the valley and the Yungas of Cochabamba during the Inka Horizon (1400-1538 AC) while introducing in an exploratory way, the Late Intermediate (1100-1400 AC) and the Middle Horizon (400-1100 AC) periods. In theoretical terms, we emphasize the local human agency (individual and social) as important elements in order to understand the processes of social change. We assume that the complex relational webs generated by the Inka presence in the valleys and the Yungas appear as "traces" in the space (as constructed landscapes: social, agro-hydrological, sacral, administrative, war landscapes etc.) that can be seized from two sources, archaeological and historical, that are seen as complementing each other. We carried out two case studies in the Yungas of Tablas Monte and Inkachaca /Paracti. In both areas, previously unknown to Bolivian archaeology, we examined the impact of the Inka. Based upon material evidence, such as the sophisticated agro-hydrological system sustained by an intensive use of the stone as well as documentary data, we discuss the presence of warrior groups, i.e. that the arrival of the Inka had a relative impact in this area.
|
|
