| 1. |
- Bucardo, Filemon, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic susceptibility to symptomatic norovirus infection in Nicaragua. : norovirus susceptibility in Nicaragua
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of medical virology. - : Wiley. - 1096-9071 .- 0146-6615. ; 81:4, s. 728-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Host genetic resistance to Norovirus (NoV) has been observed in challenge and outbreak studies in populations from Europe, Asia, and USA. In this study, we have investigated if histo-blood group antigens can predict susceptibility to diarrhea caused by NoV in Nicaragua, Central America, and if this can be reflected in antibody-prevalence and titer to NoV among individuals with different histo-blood group antigen phenotypes. Investigation of 28 individuals infected with NoV and 131 population controls revealed 6% of non-secretors in the population and nil non-secretors among patients infected with NoV, suggesting that non-secretors may be protected against NoV disease in Nicaragua. Surprisingly, 25% of the population was Lewis negative (Le(a-b-)). NoV infections with genogroup I (GI) and GII occurred irrespective of Lewis genotype, but none of the Lewis a positive (Le(a + b-)) were infected. The globally dominating GII.4 virus infected individuals of all blood groups except AB (n = 5), while the GI viruses (n = 4) infected only blood type O individuals. Furthermore, O blood types were susceptible to infections with GI.4, GII.4, GII.7, GII.17, and GII.18-Nica viruses, suggesting that secretors with blood type O are susceptible (OR = 1.52) and non-secretors resistant. The overall antibody-prevalence to NoV GII.3 VLP was 62% with the highest prevalence among blood type B carriers (70%) followed by A (68%) and O (62%). All four investigated individuals carrying blood type AB were antibody-negative. Among secretors, 63% were antibody-positive compared to 33% among non-secretors (P = 0.151). This study extends previous knowledge about the histo-blood group antigens role in NoV disease in a population with different genetic background than North American and European.
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| 2. |
- Alm, Erika, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Parenting the nation : state violence and reproduction in Nicaragua and Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Struggles for reproductive justice in the era of anti-genderism and religious fundamentalism. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783031312595 - 9783031312625 - 9783031312601 ; , s. 213-240
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reproduction is a core question for the state, a site of struggle between the reproduction of the nation and the reproduction of liveable lives, especially for those citizens whose rights are rarely recognized in the first place. What role does the exceptionalisation of reproductive rights play in the reproduction of the nation-state? Nicaragua and Sweden are countries where debates about reproductive justice highlight tensions in the projection of a state that cares for its citizens. Nicaragua, the second-poorest country in the Western hemisphere with one of the most repressive and punitive legislations on abortion in the world. Sweden with its reputation as a pioneering nation in matters of gender equality and reproductive justice. This chapter draws on a particular formulation of the centrality of the state in theories and practices of reproductive justice: the notion of the state as a parent with a particular responsibility to protect and foster, but also discipline and subjugate, its citizens. Political leaders, Fathers and Mothers of the Nation, form the discourse within which the state regulates its imagined children’s, the citizens, reproductive rights. As such the governance of reproduction is a vital aspect of the political fantasy about the nation-state and its futuriority.
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| 3. |
- Chham, E., et al.
(författare)
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Sources of the seasonal-trend behaviour and periodicity modulation of 7Be air concentration in the atmospheric surface layer observed in southeastern Spain
- 2019
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; , s. 148-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The components and the periodicity characterising airborne 7Be monthly concentration collected in Granada (SE Spain) between 2000 and 2018 are studied. These 19 years of measurements are particularly significant for the 7Be analysis as they cover the complete 24th solar cycle, 2008–2018. A Time Series Decomposition (TSD) technique has been applied to determine the different components present in the dataset: the trend, seasonal and irregular components. Then, the atmospheric parameters (Precipitation (Pp), Relative Humidity (RH), Temperature (Temp), Wind speed (WS), Total Cloudiness (TC), Low Cloudiness (LC)), teleconnection indices and the solar activity (Sun Spot Number, SSN) were used to justify the variability of each component. SSN and the teleconnection indices (Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Quasi Biennial Oscillation (QBO)) are found to have a major impact on the trend component of 7Be. In turn, all the atmospheric parameters were found to have strong impact on the seasonal component. In order to observe the change in the impact of the parameters from the 24th solar cycle (from 2008 to 2018) to the complete time series (starting in 2000), the comparison between the two periods has been carried out. The results show that, over the 24th solar cycle, the SSN impacted predominantly on the trend component, whereas atmospheric parameters showed a slightly higher impact on the seasonal component. In addition, some atmospheric factors (Temp, RH, Pp, TC, LC) appeared to partially affect the irregular component. The analysis of the two phases of the 24th solar cycle shows that the influence of SSN is higher during the descending phase than during the ascending one. This behaviour is opposed to the one found for the 23rd solar cycle, which clarifies the special characteristics of the 24th cycle. Besides that, the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) analysis was applied in order to extract the possible periodicities characterising 7Be data. The analysis revealed three sets of periodicities. Then, the Wavelet Coherence Analysis (WCA) method was particularly useful to study coherences between 7Be data and teleconnection indices. The 7Be concentrations in the large period (11–14 years) detected by CWT was found to be mainly modulated by WeMO, AMO and QBO, while the NAO modulates the smaller periods. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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| 4. |
- Berg, Linda, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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A conversation about the state in pandemic times : Necropolitics and the legacy of social democracy in Sweden and Nicaragua
- 2021
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Ingår i: Kulturella perspektiv - Svensk etnologisk tidskrift. - : Publicera, Kungliga Biblioteket. - 1102-7908 .- 2004-0288. ; 30:2-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Established ideas about state responsibility and state violence are placed in a new light in times characterized as states of emergency. The following conversation addresses the role of the state in the safeguarding of public health, taking its departure in media debates and political debates about state responsibility in two countries that have been criticized for not taking strong enough measures to protect the very futuriority of the nation in times of a pandemic Sweden and Nicaragua. Both countries have been castigated for avoiding total lockdown and for having taken a passive approach to what Wendy Brown has called “the political management of the virus” (Brown 2020). At the same time, the rhetoric used to describe their respective strategies has differed vastly in dialogue we explore notions about governance, biopolitics and necropolitics as they are articulated and negotiated in national contexts that claim the label social democracies. One of the points of departure is that while the response to Covid-19 is often described in war metaphors, and hence as a state of emergency, the unjust and unequal distribution of life and death is by no means exceptional.
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| 5. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Can community-based tourism contribute to development and poverty alleviation? Lessons from Nicaragua. In Current Issues in Tourism, vol 14 (8): 725-749
- 2011
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Ingår i: Current Issues in Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1368-3500 .- 1747-7603. ; 14:8, s. 725-749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the development of community-based tourism (CBT) governments, development agencies and NGOs have placed considerable emphasis on this development model. However, CBT has been strongly criticized with respect to low economic impact in terms of jobs and income, the result of small-scale interventions, its low life expectancy after external funding ends, the monopolisation of benefits by local elites, or the lack of business skills to make it operational. This article explores the viability of the CBT model to support socio-economic development and poverty alleviation via a Nicaraguan case study. The characteristics and effects of different modes of organising community tourism were examined, based on an impact assessment and lifecycle analysis of the CBT Nicaraguan Network. The results showed how traditional top-down CBT, created and fully funded by external organisations, reflected the general criticisms of the approach, while bottom-up CBT, borne as a result of a local initiative, demonstrated longer life expectancy, faster growth, and more positive impacts on the local economy. The findings suggest a shift is required in the attention of donors and policy-makers towards redistribution policies that strengthen the skills, resources, and conditions of micro, community-based and family entrepreneurship, together with a stronger orientation towards the domestic markets.
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| 6. |
- Ouattara, Syna, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Établir l’innocence ou la culpabilité dans les affaires de sorcellerie contemporaines.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Revue Korhogolaise des Sciences Sociales. ; 4:2, s. 45-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cet article jette un regard comparatif sur les accusations de sorcellerie et la divination contemporaines en Côte d’Ivoire et au Nicaragua. Il se focalise sur la manière dont les supposées sorcières/sorciers sont détectées, dont l’innocence ou la culpabilité est établie dans les cas de pratiques de sorcellerie, et dont la sorcellerie est comprise et traitée. En Côte d’Ivoire plusieurs groupes socio-culturels, pratiquent souvent des rites de « l’interrogation du cadavre », appelé aussi « port de cercueil » afin de déceler les causes et éventuellement l’auteur de la mort, si celle-ci paraît comme provoque par des pratiques de sorcellerie. Au Nicaragua, les actes de sorcellerie sont établis, et les sorcières sont identifiées, par des guérisseurs qui peuvent utiliser des miroirs, des boules de cristal, des plantes spirituellement « activées » et divers objets dans le cadre du processus divinatoire. L’article montre que, dans les deux ca d’études, dans les faits de pratiques de sorcellerie, la divination est une partie importante du processus judiciaire et de réconciliation coutumière.
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| 7. |
- Wedel, Johan, 1962
(författare)
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Healing and spirit possession in the Caribbean
- 2009
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Ingår i: Stockholm Review of Latin American Studies. - 1654-0204. ; :4, s. 49-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article takes a comparative look at spiritual healing and its implications among followers of Afro-Cuban Santería and among the Miskitu people of Nicaragua. It shows how illness and suffering is located in a sacred domain allowing transformations on social, psychological, and physiological levels. Healing is achieved by creating a sacred reality by means of powerful symbols and spirit possession. In this process, spiritual beings are representations of people’s conditions. At the same time, spirits also represent a model for healing.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Velasquez Atehortua, Juan, 1963
(författare)
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Att gestalta Chthulucenen - Om hur kvinnor stärker släktbanden med havssköldpaddor i Nicaragua : Performing the Chthulucene – on how women strengthen kinship with sea turtles in Nicaragua
- 2021
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Ingår i: Tidsskriftet Antropologi. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 0906-3021 .- 2596-5425. ; :83, s. 65-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article studies how women’s caring roles in the Nicaraguan fishing village of Padre Ramos, are extended even to turtles. As such, it reminds Donna Haraway’s fictive figures and metaphors about the kind of small critters predominant during the chthulucene, the era when humans strengthen their kinship with all other life forms to live and die better together on earth. Padre Ramos is visited annually by hawksbill turtles to lay their eggs. As the species is threatened with extinction, the village adopted the turtles as its flagship species, then transiting from hunting to caring for turtles. Although the villagers were the most vital link to save the turtles, they lived under constant threat to die out as a community or be evicted from the nature reserve. Through a ten-day anthropological action with video power, the author follows the women’s rhizovocality when they decided to occupy an unused centrally located plot in the village to build a playground with turtles as the central theme. Through this action, the women’s acted like „small critters” that bit into the compost of authorities’ rotten moral practices while reusing old car tires, logs, and pallets in the construction. Thus, the playground became a monument to the village’s new kinship with the turtles, the women’s roles as a healing force in the nature reserve as much as in the moral account. The situation highlighted how current efforts to stop the massive extinction of species are being conducted in deep power conflicts. The chthulucene is necessary but also marked by conflicts of interest.
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