| 1. |
- Bergkvist, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Carbon Sequestration Potential f Agroforestry Systems For Phytoremediation In Chinandega, Nicaragua
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Linnaeus Eco-Tech 2018. ; , s. 211-211
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have increased to earlier unrecorded levels, causing global climate change that increases GMT and threaten ecosystems and livelihoods. IPCC report suggest that agroforestry offers considerable carbon sequestration (c seq.) potential, especially for developing countries. The purpose of this study is to estimate the c seq. potential in different agroforestry systems suitable in Chinandega, Nicaragua - a deforested region where the ground is polluted by toxaphene and other POP:s. Three scenarios where studied; Shading system using Tectona grandis and Pogostemon cablin; Alley cropping using Erythrina poeppigiana and Ricinus communis and Silvopasture using Cordia alliodora and Brachiaria ruziziensis, the last scenario being divided into two subscenarios; unmanaged (grazed) and managed (harvested) grass. Calculations were performed using the modelling program CO2FIX v. 3.2, with a runtime of 100 years and assuming deforested area with no previous land use. Results show a significantly higher c seq. potential in Shading system (168/217 MgC/ha). Alley cropping yields 71 MgC/ha and Silvopasture results in 80/84 MgC/ha unmanaged and 65/70 MgC/ha managed. The higher number includes products from harvest. All scenarios show fluctuations over time due to thinning and harvesting practices. Phytoremediation potential of POPs has been shown in Ricinus communis and grass species. Soil c seq. is especially important to consider in longterm scenarios as this c seq. can be sustained over longer time. The inclusion of crop residue, the effect of grazing animals or changes in density of trees and crops and environmental fate of the toxic compounds need further assessment before considering large scale applications. Agroforestry practices could contribute to several benefits, including climate change mitigation and phytoremediation.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Pronoza, Lesya, et al.
(författare)
-
The use of an integrated planning guide to steer phytoremediation projects towards sustainability using the example of Amaranth (Amaranthus) to remediate toxaphene polluted soils in a tropical region
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Linnaeus Eco-Tech 2016 International Conference on Natural Sciences and Technologies for Waste and Wastewater Treatment, Remediation, Emissions Related to Climate, Environmental and Economic Effects.. - Kalmar : Linnaeus University. - 9789188357410
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Soil pollution by pesticides is a serious problem, especially in developing countries where incentives are limited to remediate these soils. Toxaphene was a widely used insecticide during the 1950s – 1980s, but even after a total ban on its use in 2001 there are still many harmful consequences that can be observed. High levels of toxaphene on agriculture fields in Nicaragua continues to be a threat to local inhabitants and wildlife and to the surrounding ecosystems. Phytoremediation is one of the methods used for cleaning polluted soils. It requires growing plants in-situ and relies on their ability to absorb and accumulate or degrade toxic elements. Some advantages are environmental safety and cost-effectiveness.Amaranth (Amaranthus) was investigated as a primary candidate for the phytoremediation project. Beside this, some other plants, such as Cucurbita pepo, Spinacia oleracea, Medicago sativa, were reported to be able to successfully absorb common persistent organic pollutants. In addition, uptake mechanisms and patterns of distribution of toxic elements in plants were studied to determine further use of plants.To assess the viability and sustainability potential of implementing amaranth for phytoremediation, an Integrated Planning Guide (IPG) was used. The IPG uses a number of principles and concepts to provide guidelines for bioremediation actions. As a result, several conclusions and suggestions were produced, the most important being: amaranth has a potential for toxaphene uptake and has a high yield and historical significance; locally available poultry manure can be used as a fertilizer for amaranth; a monoculture should be avoided while growing amaranth; local community is the main driver of success and beneficiary of the project. Further research should be undertaken on this matter to improve the understanding of key factors for the success of the project.
|
|
| 4. |
- Jonsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Ecological engineering to improve the sustainability of soil remediation inremote locations and developing countries
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Toxic compounds from industrial activities accumulate in the ecosystems at an unsustainable rate. Ecological engineering has been proposed as a tool to design ecosystems that integrate human society with its natural environment for the benefit of the both. Bioremediation is generally considered an ecological engineering practice but even if it addresses one of the core goals of ecological engineering, i.e. restoration of damaged ecosystems, bioremediation can be energy-intensive and have low reliance on self-design, particularly if excavation and ex situ methods are employed.From a thermodynamic point of view, most organic pollutants are composed of molecules with high embodied energies and free energy potential that are appealing features for the use of ecological engineering, especially in locations where economic incentives are small for any kind of remediation to be performed,Based on positive experiences from an ongoing research project in Nicaragua, in which by-products and waste material are used as primary feedstock, it is concluded that the principles of ecological engineering can be useful to make in situ bioremediation a more sustainable practice in remote locations and developing countries.
|
|
| 5. |
- Iraguha, Gasore, et al.
(författare)
-
Using an integrated planning guide for the selection and design of a multi-process strategy for bioremediation of toxaphene and heavy metal contaminated soil in a tropical region
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Linnaeus Eco-Tech Conference on Natural Sciences and Technologies for Waste and Wastewater Treatment, Remediation, Emissions related to Climate, Environmental, and Economic Effects.. - : Linnaeus University. - 9789188357410
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The application of pesticides and inappropriate soil management during intensive cotton farming in Chinandega, Nicaragua has left the soil with high residues of toxaphene and potentially several toxic metalloids and heavy metals from the overuse of mineral fertilizers. Most effective remediation approaches are relatively expensive and use technologies that are energy-intensive and hence not applicable in regions with low economic incentives for remediation. The selection of appropriate and low-cost approaches for soil remediation requires a structured and systematic process to ensure reliable outcomes with low environmental impact. The ideal situation is if such projects could contribute to a sustainable development in the region where the remediation is taking place. An Integrated Planning Guide which includes the key concepts of Ecological Engineering within the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development was used in the identification and design of some applicable and efficient approaches for the clean-up of soil in Chinandega. This resulted in the design of a multi-process bioremediation strategy that meets the sustainability criteria of the Integrated Planning Guide and that has the potential to degrade toxaphene and remediate heavy metals and metalloids in the soil using Jatropha curcas L. for phytoremediation in combination with Bio-augmentation, biochar as a soil amendment, and the use of biochar and alginate as carriers of toxaphene degrading inocula.
|
|
