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- Tjernberg, Catharina, 1953-
(författare)
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Specialpedagogik i skolvardagen : En studie med fokus på framgångsfaktorer i läs- och skrivlärande
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a praxis-oriented case study of written language activities in Forms 1–5 in the nine-year Swedish compulsory school. The emphasis is on pupils at risk of developing reading and writing disabilities. The aim of this study is to analyse the factors underlying successful reading and writing education and the pedagogical conditions promoting reflective didactic skills, focusing on the students’ development of reading and writing abilities. The praxis-oriented approach is expressed by means of working with classroom observations and reflective communication with the teachers. Four classes at the junior and intermediate levels of the nine-year compulsory Swedish school have been studied for two years. Both the schools and the teachers have been chosen strategically. Quantitative and qualitative data indicate that the selected schools have special qualifications. The teachers were chosen because they have proved particularly successful in developing reading and writing abilities of their pupils, including those with documented reading and writing disabilities. Reports from the National Swedish Agency for Education, as well as large international surveys, indicate that the consensus concerning reading and writing education achieved by science during the past decade has had very little impact on everyday classroom activities. One of the underlying questions is how research results are successfully implemented in everyday school work. The results show that the teachers use a wide variety of methods in response to the wide variety of students´ requirements. The lessons are characterized by intense activity on the part of both teacher and pupils, and of a high level of interactivity in communication, reading, writing and counting. A surprising pattern is that the teachers very consciously work with oral presentation in various topics and genres. This gives students with reading and writing difficulties an opportunity to succeed. The instruction is notable for being well-structured, with a balance between form and function, a high level of challenging tasks and visibilization of individual progress. The special needs education aspect of the instruction appears in the teachers’ abilities to arrange pedagogical situations in which a wide variety of abilities can be expressed and developed. The teachers show a positive belief in their students and strive to make them successful in a social context. This study indicates the importance of a solid theoretical background, enabling the teacher to identify the developmental stage the student is at and to adapt the instruction accordingly. Another important factor is the ability of the teacher to instantly see and grasp pedagogical opportunities and to interpret and utilize the diagnostic signals in the classroom. One important conclusion is that reading and writing education, in order to be successful, must be viewed in a context of language development as a whole, involving both its oral and its written aspects. This study also demonstrates that research results are perceived as more accessible and relevant by the teachers when the researchers’ focus is on applied pedagogics, allowing theory and practical applications to interact. This opens up the possibility of establishing and incorporating scientific theories on learning in everyday, practical school work.
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| 3. |
- Tjernberg, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Inclusion in practice : a matter of school culture
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Special Needs Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0885-6257 .- 1469-591X. ; 29:2, s. 247-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of this study was to find out how reading and writing education can work successfully in practice without being exclusive. The teachers preferred heterogenous groups and emphasised the importance of various teaching methods and approaches so as to be able to deal with student diversity. They had a good theoretical foundation and the ability to link-up their theoretical knowledge with what they learned from experience to create action-oriented knowledge. The importance of each student being challenged in the next development zone was stressed. The teachers’ positive belief in their students’ ability and their commitment to the pedagogical process were other central factors. The successful results of the teachers’ work showed the importance of mentorship, co-operation with colleagues and continuous pedagogical discussions, led by a researching teacher, so as to promote the teachers’ own reflective ability. This created an inclusive school culture in which all the students felt they were competent, valued and never excluded.
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| 4. |
- Westling Allodi, Mara, 1959-
(författare)
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Pojkars och flickors psykiska hälsa i skolan : en kunskapsöversikt
- 2010
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en kunskapsöversikt över forskning om skolfaktorers inverkan på flickors och pojkars psykosociala hälsa. Det är vanligare att flickor i skolan är oroliga, stressade och deprimerade, från de tidiga tonåren. Pojkar har i stället fler uppmärksamhetsstörningar, koncentrationssvårigheter och skolsvårigheter redan från tidig ålder.
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| 5. |
- Westling Allodi, Mara, 1959-
(författare)
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Undervisningsmiljö och socialt klimat
- 2010
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Ingår i: <em>Etik i specialpedagogisk verksamhet</em>. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144057255 ; , s. 49-71
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Ek, Ulla, 1948-
(författare)
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Specialpedagogik – en framtidsvy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Barn med funktionshinder. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144071879 ; , s. 327-333
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Brodin, Jane, 1942-
(författare)
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Att stimulera barns lärande med stöd av IKT
- 2010
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Ingår i: Specialpedagogisk tidskrift - att undervisa. - Nyköping : Svenska Förbundet för Specialpedagogik. - 2000-429X. ; :1, s. 21-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Barn med funktionsnedsättningar har ofta lyfts fram som vinnare när man talat om användning av IKT i skolan. Förväntningarna på vad IKT skulle medföra för elever i behov av särskilt stöd har varti stora både bland föräldrar och lärare. När den nya tekniken inroducerades antogs den kunna lösa många problem för barn med svårigheter av olika slag och därigenom bidra till att de bättre skulle kunna tillgodogöra sig undervisningen i skolan. Idag vet vi att det krävs mer än bara teknik.
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| 8. |
- Brodin, Jane, 1942-
(författare)
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Can ICT give children with disabilities equal opportunities in school?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Improvning Schools. - London : Sage. - 1365-4802 .- 1475-7583. ; 13:1, s. 99-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opoportunities for children wih disabilites to participate in school on equal conditions as others are often stressed while reality schows that many childrne with disabilities are stills egregated. ICT has been highlighted as a tool for communication and inclusion for children with disabilities but from research it appears that implementation of technology in children's everyday lift is difficult.One conclusion of the project is that there is a need both for technical and social support in school if ICT schould function as a bridge for inclusion of all pupils.
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| 9. |
- Allodi Westling, Mara, 1959-
(författare)
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The experiences of mental health and well-being of Swedish children and youth with a focus on educational situations : Some results and reflections from a review of qualitative studies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Trender i barns och ungdomars psykiska hälsa. - Stockholm : Kungliga vetenskapsakademien. ; , s. 17-18
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The practice of including in reviews people’s experiences and perceptions, which are collected with non-experimental and qualitative studies, has been developed recently in the field of mental health studies. These approaches and methodologies have inspired the review of research on Swedish children and adolescents experiences of mental health and well being, with a focus on their educational situation, that was conducted as a part of a systematic review of research on School Learning and Mental health, performed by appointment of the Royal Academy of Sciences. The aim of the review was to gather testimonies that can give indications of the experiences of mental health and well being in this specific context. The results from the studies that were relevant for the aims of the review are structured in four themes: general views, protective factors, risk factors, individual factors. They are presented in a narrative synthesis, giving a particular weight to the direct and indirect report of children’s and adolescents’ own views. The adolescents defined mental health as emotional experiences, seen both as internal feelings and as relational feelings. Family, friends and educational environments as social and physical environments were perceived as determinants of mental health. A great number of feelings were related to school, both related to satisfaction and pain, in particular when the school attendance is presented as an obligation. Harassment and rejection at school, performance stress, worries about grades and future prospects could be threats against self-worth and self-esteem, while teachers that do not care could generate negative experiences. Various kind of stress could be described and various strategies to resist stressful situations: for instance emotional support, safety and involvement. The educational environments can be an arena for social, cognitive and emotional experiences, relationships and accomplishments that are enriching the individuals and increase their well being. General structural characteristics of the educational environments may also affect well being in different directions: performance, evaluation and feedback, freedom of choice and responsibility for the future may be perceived as a burden. The following reflections can be made: the experiences of children and adolescents change when they grow older, go through developmental processes and encounter different educational situations; the studies reporting views of younger children on the matters of this review were less well represented; the negative experiences may be expressed in rather cautious and non dramatic terms by younger children; there are unique contribution of the review of qualitative studies, but also several interesting correspondences with the results of the review of quantitative studies.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Jan-Eric, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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School, Learning and Mental Health : A systematic review
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten presenterar resultaten från en systematisk översikt av forskning om skola, lärande och barns psykiska hälsa. Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens Hälsoutskottet har givit uppdraget att genomföra en sådan översikt till en arbetsgrupp som har arbetat med uppdraget från hösten 2008 till mars 2009. Det första syftet med översikten är att genomföra en kartläggning av forskning inom det breda fält som behandlar frågor om skola, lärande och barns och ungdomars psykiska hälsa. Det andra syftet är att genomföra en narrativ syntes av forskning som undersökt orsaksförhållanden mellan psykisk hälsa å ena sidan och skolresultat och lärande å den andra sidan. Det tredje syftet är att redovisa resultat från forskning som har studerat svenska barns och ungdomars erfarenheter och upplevelser av skola och undervisningssituationer. För att uppnå de första två syftena genomfördes systematiska litteratursökningar i bibliografiska databaser av artiklar publicerade i vetenskapliga internationella tidskrifter inom olika discipliner. Det tredje syftet undersöktes med litteratursökningar av kvalitativa svenska studier i bibliografiska databaser. Slutsatser På grundval dels av kartläggningen av forskning om skola, lärande och psykisk hälsa, dels av de två fördjupade översikterna kan följande slutsatser dras: • Omfattningen av forskning som undersöker relationerna mellan olika aspekter av skola och psykisk hälsa är begränsad och i synnerhet gäller detta forskning som undersöker organisationsfaktorer och undervisnings-faktorer, aktiviteter, läroplaners utformning, resurser, specialpedagogiskt stöd, och olika former av betyg och bedömning. • Tidiga svårigheter i skolan och i synnerhet läs- och skrivsvårigheter kan orsaka internaliserande och externaliserande psykiska problem. • Svårigheter i skola och psykiska problem tenderar att vara stabila över tid. • Skolrelaterade hälsoproblem tenderar att minska när eleverna börjar på gymnasiet och får tillgång till nya områden av aktiviteter, roller och valmöjligheter. • Att genomföra stora ansträngningar utan att detta leder till resultat är relaterat till utveckling av depression. Problem i skolan med skolresultat och prestationer orsakar inter-naliserande symptom för flickor under tonåren. • Det finns samband mellan olika typer av psykiska problem och de är också relaterade till ett brett spektrum av somatiska och psykosomatiska symptom. • Internaliserande och externaliserande psykiska problem har negativa effekter på skolprestationer genom mekanismer som är delvis ålders- och genusspecifika. • Kompetenser och prestationer i skolan är relaterade till psykisk hälsa. • Goda resultat i skolan har en positiv effekt på självuppfattning. • En god självuppfattning bidrar inte direkt till bättre resultat, men andra faktorer som är relaterade till självuppfattning (motivation och upplevd inre/yttre kontroll) påverkar lärande och resultat • Relationer med klasskamrater och lärare bidrar till processer som kopplar skolmisslyckande till psykisk ohälsa. Relationer med kamrater och lärare kan också skydda mot utvecklingen av psykiska problem. • Jämförelser med klasskamrater påverkar självuppfattningen, med effekter som varierar beroende på gruppsammansättning och typ av skola.
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