| 1. |
- Ahnfelt, Vigdis, 1958-
(författare)
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La recuperación de la identidad en la novela Sefarad de Antonio Muñoz Molina
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the present study is to examine the signification of identitary discourses in the novel Sefarad: Una novela de novelas by Antonio Muñoz Molina and determine to what extent these discourses represent and respond to identitary discourses in contemporary Spanish society. The analysis focuses on three principal questions: how is the narrative constructed, what is conveyed as a result, and what is the aim of the narrative. Identity is understood as a social construction, an individual and continuous process of assuming, defining, negotiating and maintaining cultural identities, elements of the surrounding world that provide the individual with a sense of meaning (Fromm 1956; Castiñeira 2005; Marsella 2008). The novel consists of different stories that manifest the social impact of the totalitarian regimes in Europe during the twentieth century, told by a diversity of voices. First, the analysis deals with the structure of the text, examined through the model of mise en abyme (Dällenbach 1989). Secondly, the significations of transition, transgression (Lotman 1978) and, analogically, stigmatization are deduced (Goffman 1972), processes that are related to the effects of the frontier as a metaphor (Pratt Ewing 1998) and to limit situations (Jaspers 1974). Thirdly, the study stresses the representation of the past, in which trauma, melancholy and mourning are significant (Benjamin 1992; Freud 1986). The conclusions confirm the claim that the novel corresponds to humanity’s treasure of suffering (Leidschatz), a cultural possession that thematizes the processes of memory and oblivion (Assmann 1999), represented through stories told by the victims of intolerance at different levels. The text is accordingly conceived as a mirror through which the narrator constructs his identity as a writer and transmits meaning to the reader by providing the opportunity to reflect upon identity issues today.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Pierre
(författare)
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Actitudes hacia la variedad caló : Un estudio sociolingüístico de adolescentes andaluces
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Caló is a language/variety spoken by the Spanish Calé (i.e. the Roma). The variety belongs to a group of languages referred to as “Para-Romani”, characterized by Romani vocabulary, but largely non-Romani morphology, phonology and syntax, in the case of Caló deriving from Spanish.Much research has been carried out regarding the vocabulary and the grammar of this variety. The conclusions drawn in those studies indicate that Caló is on its way to extinction. However, there is an expressed inter... merest in reintroducing the variety, in a form called “Romanó-Caló”.Language attitudes play a decisive role for the destiny of endangered languages. In order for a revitalization project to be successful, the attitudes towards the variety being reintroduced have to be positive. The aim of this study is to measure the attitudes that both Calé and non-Calé have towards Caló and Caló speakers, a type of study never carried out in the past. The methods applied are both direct and indirect. In part one, 231 informants listened to different recordings of voices acting as either a “Spanish speaking person” or a “Caló speaking person”, a technique referred to as ‘matched guise’. Firstly, the informants were asked to write down their first three impressions of the speakers. Secondly, nine short questions related to the voices were asked, to which the subjects expressed their answers on attitude scales. They were also asked to match the voices with photos of people. Furthermore, the informants have answered questions regarding what variety is spoken at home, as well as if he or she has any knowledge of, or contact with, any language/variety, apart from Spanish. 182 informants continued with part two of the questionnaire, which consisted of 20 items – positive and negative statements towards Caló and Caló speakers. The informants have rated their agreement or disagreement to these statements on a Likert scale. Another exercise measured the willingness of the informants to use Caló words for naming various objects. In addition, the subjects were tested on their knowledge of some Caló words, as well as asked whether they thought it was “useful” to know how to speak Caló. Various statistical methods have been used in order to establish whether or not the results are statistically significant.The results of the analysis indicate that the attitudes differ towards Caló and Caló speakers, depending on the informant’s (a) ethnicity (b) contact with Caló as well as with Caló speakers, and (c) gender. It is those who – in their own opinion – belong to the ethnic group Calé, as well as those who claim that they have some contact with the variety and its speakers, who show positive attitudes in both parts of the study. The women also show more positive attitudes than the men. It is also possible to note positive attitudes towards the variety and its speakers among the subjects with a high level of knowledge of Caló words, as well as among those with the highest willingness to use Caló.These observations suggest that a revitalization project of the variety Caló has a clear chance of being successful.
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| 4. |
- Areyuna Villalobos, Hector
(författare)
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Encierro y sustitución en El obsceno pájaro de la noche de José Donoso
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The novel El obsceno påjaro de la noche ( The Obscene Bird of Night) (1970) by José Donoso is considered to be essentially governed by two semantic isotopies: the Enclosure and the Substitution. The Substitution is a consequence of the Enclosure, which is manifested as a reaction to the inhibitive effect of the Enclosure; in this way the polarity between these two governing isotopies generates a dynamic which permits both the development of the story and its interpretative coherence. In order to define these Isotopies, a series of topics in the text are distinguished.Tied to the isotopy of the Enclosure the macrotopic of the Mask together with the topics of the Chief the ’Imbunche’, the Monster, the Witch, and the Old Woman are analyzed. In relation to the isotopy of the Substitution, the macrotopic of the Disguise and the topics of the Old Woman, of the Witch and of the Double are also distinguished and discussed.The macrotopics of the Mask and the Disguise profoundly influence the narrative set-up. Among other things, this has the effect that the narrative is perceived as the result of a permanent opposition between a voice representing a culture based on writing and another —mythical— voice representing a culture based on oral tradition.The structure of this novel is designed by a labyrinthic model which is manifested, among other means, by repetition, mirroring, ontological fluctuation of the characters, disintegration of physical limits, and textual reflection.
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| 5. |
- Aronsson, Berit, 1969-
(författare)
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Efectos pragmáticos de transferencias prosódicas del sueco al español L2 : implicaciones para la clase de español lengua extranjera
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- La presente tesis tiene por objetivo identificar para la enseñanza del español una serie de características prosódicas que son comunicativamente importantes. El trabajo también se propone poner de relieve el papel central de la prosodia en la comunicación, así como la necesidad de incorporar esta destreza en las competencias comunicativas de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras. La tesis integra una colección de cinco estudios, tres de los cuales realizados con un enfoque empírico experimental y dedicados a los temas siguientes: (a) las diferencias en la realización de prominencia prosódica por parte de hablantes de español L2 y español L1 (Estudio I), (b) la transferencia de estrategias pragmáticas del sueco L1 al español L2, manifestada en la realización de los tonos de frontera ascendentes (Estudio II), y (c) la contribución de rasgos prosódicos al acento extranjero percibido en hablantes suecos de español L2 con especial atención al rol desempeñado por los tonos de frontera ascendentes y sus correspondientes valores pragmáticos (Estudio III). El objetivo de estos tres estudios es, por un lado, identificar cuáles son las características prosódicas más importantes para conseguir una interacción exitosa en la L2 y, por el otro, investigar en qué medida estas características han sido adquiridas por los aprendientes investigados. Estudio IV resalta que, a pesar del enfoque comunicativo en la enseñanza LE, se abordan los aspectos suprasegmentales en el currículo sueco así como en los cinco libros de enseñanza E/LE analizados como una competencia aislada que no está integrada en la competencia comunicativa. El Estudio V, al combinar los resultados de los Estudios I-III con los de otros estudios temáticamente relevantes, busca identificar unas características principales, unos Core Prosodic Features, para la enseñanza de la prosodia española a los aprendientes suecos. El estudio recomienda un enfoque basado en la atención a la forma para la enseñanza de estas características en contextos interaccionales.
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| 6. |
- Belmar Shagulian, Jasmin, 1971-
(författare)
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El mito de la Quintrala : Estructuras simbólicas en dos novelas de Gustavo Frías
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this comparative study is to analyse La Quintrala’s myth as a symbolic discourse, thereby filling a gap in the previous studies about La Quintrala.The theoretical and methodological framework of this analysis consists of a hermeneutical approach based on the method of figurative structuralism: mythocriticism. This is a dual classification method of symbols: Diurnal and Nocturnal Orders that expose the symbolic structures formed by symbols and archetypes found in mythemes in a compilation of corpora. The first one is Gustavo Frías’ novels Tres Nombres para Catalina: Catrala (2008) and Tres nombres para Catalina: la doña de Campofrío (2008); the second is a historic essay (hypotext), Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna’s Los Lisperguer y la Quintrala (1944), and four novels: Magdalena Petit’s (2009) La Quintrala, Mercedes Valdivieso’s (1991) Maldita yo entre las Mujeres, Virginia Vidal’s (2002) Oro, veneno y puñal, and Gustavo Frías’ El Inquisidor (2008).Mythocriticism is employed in the analysis to show what the mythical structure of the hero’s journey (Separation, Initiation, Return) reveal. Such journey is combined structurally with the Mother archetype (White, Red and Black Goddess), the intrinsic archetype of La Quintrala’s myth. The heroic structure unveils its own mythemes, La Quintrala’s and the first corpus’s mytheme through the diachronic and synchronic flow of the hero’s journey. This method permits to identify and compare the progression of the symbolic structures.The analysis demonstrates a transformation of the symbolic structures between both corpora. This survey reveals that Vicuña Mackenna and Petit, and partially Vidal and El Inquisidor, exhibit an inclination to the diurnal symbols that strengthen, through a heterodiegetic narrator, the representations of the witch-femme fatale, counteractive attributes of the Red and Black Goddesses in the myth. Valdivieso, on the other hand, shows a propensity to the nocturnal symbols of inversion and intimacy that emphasize the Red Goddess’ features, though the novel also exposes La Quintrala as a witch-femme fatale. This exposure occurs through the use of both an autodiegetic narrator –La Quintrala– and a heterodiegetic one –the hypotext embodied in the popular voice– that appear to contrast each other. Finally, in Tres Nombres para Catalina, La Quintrala as the autodiegetic narrator dominates the whole story. She personifies the Great Goddess archetype who bestows her new positive attributes during the adventure. This novel assumes primordially the nocturnal symbolism incarnated by both the mystical and the synthetical structures and relegates the diurnal discourse of the hypotext to a secondary position in the narrative. Nonetheless, Tres Nombres para Catalina’s narrative still relies on the hypotext to reproduce and reconstruct all the mythemes in the myth of La Quintrala.Conclusively, the results of this analysis indicate that the identification of all the mythemes supports the hypothesis of a transformation in the symbolic structures which characterize La Quintrala in both corpora. This reveals the embodiment of Tres Nombres para Catalina’s own mytheme, consisting of a vindication and a recognition to her indigenous heritage, and the acceptance of her mestizaje. As a consequence, Tres nombres para Catalina, in comparison to the second corpus, diverges and expands the symbolic structures, but still shows a continuity of the myth.
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| 7. |
- Benson, Ken, 1956
(författare)
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Razón y espíritu. Análisis de la dualidad subyacente en el discurso narrativo de Juan Benet
- 1989
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The narrative discourse of Juan Benet is commonly described as an enigmatic, ambiguous and hermetic discourse that cannot be interpreted in an unequivocal way. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the effect of such a discourse upon the reader by studying the literary code of the author and the interaction that such a code requieres of a 'model reader' (according to Umberto Eco, a reader who takes notice of the poetics underlying Benet's narrative discourse) in order to reach a meaning. The result of this analysis proves that any tentative mimetic interpretation becomes repeatedly shattered. Instead, we propose a metaphorical interpretation in which Benet's discourse represents the tension between reason and emotion ('geist', 'espíritu') in human condition.
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| 8. |
- Bernal Linnersand, María, 1965-
(författare)
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Categorización sociopragmática de la cortesía y de la descortesía : Un estudio de la conversación coloquial española
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this study is to establish a socio-pragmatic categorization of politeness and impoliteness activities in informal interactions. In doing this, we describe the communicative strategies related to (im) politeness phenomena and how they are used to produce certain social effects in face-to-face interaction through the ongoing negotiation of participants’ face (Goffman, 1967). This study is based on informal conversations extracted from a corpus of spoken Spanish gathered in the metropolitan area of Valencia, Spain (Briz and Val.Es.Co. Group, 2002). Focusing on methodology, this study combines a qualitative method inspired in CA with a DA interpretative approach that analyzes communicative acts (Allwood 1995; Bravo, e. p.1). Face contents such as autonomy and affiliative face, role face, group and individual face, are a resource for analyzing what happens during interaction along with the resulting interpersonal effects. The integration of the analysis of context, which includes the co-text, the situational context and the socio-cultural context (cultural settings and shared assumptions), is equally important in this study. The empirical analysis of both the conversations and a questionnaire on impoliteness bring us to propose a series of categories of (im) politeness. The categories are as follow: Strategic Politeness (within this category we find attenuating politeness and reparatory politeness), Enhancing Politeness, Group Politeness, Ritual Politeness (here we differentiate between meeting situations and visit situations) and Discursive Politeness (we divide this category into conventional and thematic). Concerning Impoliteness, we find situations in informal conversation in which impoliteness is expected (normative impoliteness) and when threatening acts (reproaches, criticism, etc.) do not imply directly, per se, a negative personal effect. We next find two types of impoliteness: one produced by threats to the face of the speaker which are neither mitigated nor amended and the other caused by a break from the normal rules of politeness.
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| 9. |
- Berton, Marco, 1986-
(författare)
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Riqueza léxica y expresión escrita en aprendices suecos de ELE : Proficiencia general, competencia léxica pasiva, tipo y complejidad de la tarea
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study explored lexical richness in the written production of Swedish university students of Spanish as a foreign language. Two aspects of lexical richness were investigated in the study, i.e., diversity (the ability to use a varied lexical repertoire), and sophistication (the proportion of relatively infrequent words). The written data were elicited by means of two task types, namely a narrative task and a decision-making task. The main aim of the study was investigating the effect of the factors overall proficiency, passive vocabulary knowledge, manipulation of task complexity and task type on lexical richness. Moreover, the study inquired into the predicting power of the first three factors in relation to lexical richness within each task type. Overall proficiency was measured by means of a cloze test, while an estimation of passive vocabulary knowledge was obtained through a word recognition test. The effect of the manipulation of task complexity was examined by using two different versions of each task. The less complex version of the narrative task was based on a cartoon strip with a tight structure and no background events. On the contrary, in the more complex version the cartoon strip depicted a story without a clear sequence and with background events which are relevant to the story plot. Regarding the decision-making task, task complexity was manipulated by changing the number of elements involved. The task itself consisted in writing a message to a friend suggesting a holiday destination. To do so, the participants had to consider the friend´s needs and check them against the possibilities offered by a travel agency. The less complex version included two destinations, while the more complex one contained six. When analysing the effect of manipulating task complexity, structural complexity measures were included with the purpose of investigating if changes in lexical richness go hand in hand with or at the expense of changes in structural complexity. The results of the analysis of these three factors showed different patterns depending on the task type examined. These results suggest that overall proficiency seems to have an effect on lexical richness only in the narrative task, whereas passive vocabulary knowledge would influence lexical richness only in the decision-making task. The manipulation of task complexity apparently affected lexical diversity and structural complexity in the narrative task, on the one hand, and lexical sophistication in the decision-making task, on the other hand. When manipulating task complexity, the relationship between lexical richness and structural complexity turned out to be unclear, as it varied in unpredictable ways depending on the learners´ overall proficiency and passive vocabulary knowledge. The intrinsic complexity inherent to task type, i.e. the different cognitive load that different task types place on the learner, showed the most consistent effect in the study, as it was supported by all the measures of lexical richness and some measures of structural complexity. Finally, the regression model conformed by overall proficiency, passive vocabulary knowledge, and the manipulation of task complexity did not prove to be suitable to predict lexical richness in either of the task types under investigation in the study.
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| 10. |
- Bravo Cladera, Nadezhda, 1944-
(författare)
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Y, PERO, ASÍ QUE y ES QUE : Un estudio de su uso en las interacciones del español de jóvenes bilingües y unilingües
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this study is use of discourse markers (DM). Data consists of taped interactions of informants. From this data, four particular DM are analyzed with regard to distribution in turn taking. The concepts of cohesion and coherence in text or discourse, together with informants´ communicative and discourse strategies, in a group of bilingual speakers (BS) and a control group of monolingual speakers (MS), are also analyzed. The findings confirm that BS, compared to the MS, make more frequent use of y with a pragmatic meaning when introducing various types of questions that constitute requests for elucidation directed to an interlocutor and thereby continue the interaction. In general, however, the MS use the DM y more frequently than the BS, demonstrating a more elaborate sense of stylistics in the coordination of their turn as narrations and descriptions. With regard to pero, the BS prefer to use this DM with a pragmatic meaning, in the continuation of an intervention or at the end of a turn, in order to question that which has been stated. The MS use pero primarily with a semantic meaning, to express counter-arguments inside a turn. It is exclusively the BS who use the DM así que with pragmatic meaning of consequence, in interactional exchanges, when they wish to introduce questions and assertions, where así que begins their reaction to the utterance of the interlocutor. Such questions may be regarded as a discourse strategy that permits possibilities for avoiding taking responsibility for how an utterance is interpreted. In addition, both the BS and the MS use así que at the end of turns, providing the discourse with meta-pragmatic meaning whereby it allows possibilities for interpreting this as finalizing. Through their use of es que, the BS gradually explain and justify statements made in utterances during their turns while the MS, through use in their discourse of this DM, allows them to introduce explications, justifications or excuses in the event of possible disagreement. In addition, the MS use justification introduced through this DM as a strategy to take a turn or to attempt to take over the turn, where es que conveys discourse-pragmatic meaning and introduces a tone of verbal courtesy.
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