| 1. |
- Alfven, Gösta, et al.
(författare)
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Review of childhood pain highlights the role of negative stress.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:12, s. 2148-2156
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Recurrent pain of unknown origin is a major problem in children. The aim of the present review was to examine the hypothesis of negative stress as an aetiology of recurrent pain from different aspects.METHODS AND RESULTS: Epidemiological studies, clinical experience and hormonal data give support for such a hypothesis. Negative stress as a tentative aetiology for recurrent pain is reviewed. Stress, muscular tension, the startle reaction and its tentative relation to pain is illuminated. Deviations of hormonal secretion supporting a stress aetiology is mentioned. The role of central sensitization for recurrent pain is discussed. Possible aetiological implications of recurrent pain as a local symptom or a general disorder are presented. Brain changes due to stress is shortly reviewed. Stress and pain in the clinic are highlighted. The importance of biological, psychological and social factors, as well as genetic elements, are-Ddiscussed.CONCLUSION: Stress elicits neurobiological mechanisms. They may lead to many neurophysiological deviances. Increase of muscle tension and neuromuscular excitability and enhanced startle reaction may be of importance for recurring pain. The identification of stress as a primary cause of recurrent pain can have huge implications for understanding signs and treatment in clinical practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Asker, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for, and prevention of, shoulder injuries in overhead sports : a systematic review with best-evidence synthesis.
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 52:20, s. 312-1319
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence for risk factors and prevention measures for shoulder injuries in overhead sports.DESIGN: Systematic review with best-evidence synthesis.DATA SOURCES: Medline (Ovid), PubMed (complementary search), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane (Wiley), SPORTDiscus (Ebsco) and Web of Science Core Collection (Thomson Reuters), from 1 January 1990 to 15 May 2017.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies on risk factors or prevention measures for shoulder injuries in overhead sports. The eligible studies were quality assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria.RESULTS: Of 4778 studies identified, 38 were eligible for quality review and 17 met the quality criteria to be included in the evidence synthesis. One additional quality study presented a shoulder injury prevention programme. Most studies focused on baseball, lacrosse or volleyball (n=13). The risk factors examined included participation level (competition vs training) (n=10), sex (n=4), biomechanics (n=2) and external workload (n=2). The evidence for all risk factors was limited or conflicting. The effect of the prevention programme within the subgroup of uninjured players at baseline was modest and possibly lacked statistical power.CONCLUSIONS: All investigated potential risk factors for shoulder injury in overhead sports had limited evidence, and most were non-modifiable (eg, sex). There is also limited evidence for the effect of shoulder injury prevention measures in overhead sports.PROSPERO TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42015026850.
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| 4. |
- Bermon, Stephane, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Exercise immunology review. - 1077-5552. ; 23, s. 8-50
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this consensus statement on immunonutrition and exercise, a panel of knowledgeable contributors from across the globe provides a consensus of updated science, including the background, the aspects for which a consensus actually exists, the controversies and, when possible, suggested directions for future research.
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| 5. |
- Björkman, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Exercise as Treatment for PTSD : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Military medicine. - : Oxford University Press. - 0026-4075 .- 1930-613X. ; 187:9-10, s. 1103-e1113
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a cluster of physical and psychiatric symptoms following military or civilian trauma. The effect of exercise on PTSD symptoms has previously been investigated in several studies. However, it has not been fully determined what type of exercise most impacts PTSD symptoms. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the effects of different types of exercise on PTSD symptom severity and symptoms of coexisting conditions in adults.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, APA PsycInfo, and SportDiscus, from database inception up until February 1, 2021. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials published in English, participants having a PTSD diagnosis or clinically relevant symptoms, and participants randomly allocated to either a non-exercising control group or an exercise group. Data concerning the number of participants, age, exercise type and duration, PTSD symptom severity (primary outcome), and symptoms of coexisting conditions (secondary outcomes) were extracted. The subgroup analysis included high or low training dose, military trauma versus non-military trauma, the type of intervention (yoga versus other exercise), active or passive control condition, group training versus individual exercise, and study quality. The study quality and risk of bias were assessed using grading of recommendation assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed with a mixed-effects model and restricted maximum likelihood as model estimator, and effect size was calculated as the standardized difference in mean and 95% CI.RESULTS: Eleven studies were included in the present review. Results showed a main random effect of exercise intervention (0.46; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.74) and a borderline significant interaction between more voluminous (>20 hours in total) and less voluminous (≤20 hours in total) exercise interventions (P = .07). No significant findings from the subgroup analysis were reported. The secondary outcome analysis showed a small but significant effect of exercise on depressive symptoms (0.20, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.38), and a larger effect on sleep (0.51, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.73). For substance use (alcohol and drugs combined) and quality of life, we found significant effects of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.98) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.34 to 0.69), respectively. No significant effect was found for anxiety (0.18, 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.51), and no sign of publication bias was found.CONCLUSIONS: Exercise can be an effective addition to PTSD treatment, and greater amounts of exercise may provide more benefits. However, as there were no differences found between exercise type, possibly due to the inclusion of a low number of studies using different methodologies, further research should aim to investigate the optimal type, dose, and duration of activity that are most beneficial to persons with PTSD.
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| 6. |
- Börjesson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular Evaluation of Master Athletes and Middle-aged/Senior Individuals Engaged in Leisure-time Sport Activities
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics. - 1877-9182. ; 5:1, s. 33-42
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regular physical activity induces significant health benefits and most middle-aged/senior individuals should therefore be encouraged to increase their level of physical activity. Sporting activity may be especially beneficial because it is intense enough to increase cardiovascular, muscular, and metabolic fitness, compared with everyday physical activity. The rationale for evaluation of middle-aged/senior individuals is to ensure their safe participation in leisure-time sports, with the aim of maximizing the benefits while minimizing the risks of exercise. This article reviews the existing recommendations on evaluation of master athletes and middle-aged/senior individuals before they take part in physical activity and sports.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Börjesson, Mats
(författare)
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Promotion of Physical Activity in the Hospital Setting : Förderung körperlicher Aktivität im Krankenhaus
- 2013
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Ingår i: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin. - : Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Sportmedizin/German Journal of Sports Medicine. - 0344-5925. ; 64:6, s. 162-165
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future costs to lifestyle related diseases are expected to multiply worldwide. The scientific evidence for the positive health effects of regular physical activity (PA) is well established. Also the evidence for the efficacy of different methods to increase the level of PA in patients, is increasing. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) has been shown to increase the level of PA in patients, as well as positively influence classical risk factors of disease and improve quality-of-life. However, PA is still underutilized as a treatment tool in health care, while the preventive use of PA is more recognized. The hospital setting could be the key to implementation of PA as a treatment option in health care system. Several barriers, including educational as well as logistical and administrational, have to be addressed. The motivation not only of the patient, but also of the health care professional, to give suitable advice on lifestyle change, is important. Guidelines and reimbursement models for the use of PA in the hospital setting, are also be needed. National and international collaboration in networks, which should include relevant organizations devoted in different ways to increase the use of PA in the health care setting, may play a decisive future role.
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| 9. |
- Ekblom, Björn
(författare)
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The muscle biopsy technique : Historical and methodological considerations.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 27:5, s. 458-461
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The muscle biopsy method is an important tool for clinical and scientific work. In this study, the two most used instruments, the Bergström needle and the Well-Blakesley conchotome, are described. The technique of using those instruments, risks, and other considerations are discussed. Finally, a few consequences and the error of the method for determining muscle fiber type, fiber area, substrates, and metabolites are presented.
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| 10. |
- Geidne, Susanna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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The youth sports club as a health-promoting setting : an integrative review of research
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - London, United Kinfdom : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 41:3, s. 269-283
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aims of this review is to compile and identify key issues in international research about youth sports clubs as health-promoting settings, and then discuss the results of the review in terms of a framework for the youth sports club as a health-promoting setting.Methods: The framework guiding this review of research is the health-promoting settings approach introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO). The method used is the integrated review. Inclusion criteria were, first, that the studies concerned sports clubs for young people, not professional clubs; second, that it be a question of voluntary participation in some sort of ongoing organized athletics outside of the regular school curricula; third, that the studies consider issues about youth sports clubs in terms of health-promoting settings as described by WHO. The final sample for the review consists of 44 publications.Results: The review shows that youth sports clubs have plentiful opportunities to be or become health-promoting settings; however this is not something that happens automatically. To do so, the club needs to include an emphasis on certain important elements in its strategies and daily practices. The youth sports club needs to be a supportive and healthy environment with activities designed for and adapted to the specific age-group or stage of development of the youth. Conclusions: To become a health-promoting setting, a youth sports club needs to take a comprehensive approach to its activities, aims, and purposes.
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