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Sökning: WAKA:kon > Högskolan i Borås > Naturvetenskap

  • Resultat 1-10 av 465
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1.
  • Nguyen, Dang Nhan, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Brief Announcement: ParMarkSplit: A Parallel Mark-Split Garbage Collector Based on a Lock-Free Skip-List
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - : Springer. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783642415265 ; 8205, s. 557-558
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This brief announcement provides a high level overview of a parallel mark-split garbage collector. Our parallel design introduces and makes use of an efficient concurrency control mechanism based on a lock-free skip-list design for handling the list of free memory intervals. We have implemented the parallel mark-split garbage collector in OpenJDK HotSpot as a parallel and concurrent garbage collector for the old generation. We experimentally evaluate the collector and compare it with the default concurrent mark-sweep garbage collector in OpenJDK HotSpot, using the DaCapo benchmarks.
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2.
  • Wittek, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Matching Evolving Hilbert Spaces and Language for Semantic Access to Digital Libraries
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: The Role of Digital Libraries in a Time of Global Change. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries, ICADL 2010, Gold Coast, Australia, June 21-25, 2010.. - : Springer. - 9783642136535 ; , s. 262-263
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Extended by function (Hilbert) spaces, the 5S model of digital libraries (DL) [1] enables a physical interpretation of vectors and functions to keep track of the evolving semantics and usage context of the digital objects by support vector machines (SVM) for text categorization (TC). For this conceptual transition, three steps are necessary: (1) the application of the formal theory of DL to Lebesgue (function, L2) spaces; (2) considering semantic content as vectors in the physical sense (i.e. position and direction vectors) rather than as in linear algebra, thereby modelling word semantics as an evolving field underlying classifications of digital objects; (3) the replacement of vectors by functions in a new compact support basis function (CSBF) semantic kernel utilizing wavelets for TC by SVMs.
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4.
  • Blom, Eva-Lotta, et al. (författare)
  • Continuous and intermittent noise has a negative impact on reproductive success and early life survival in marine fish
  • 2022
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Anthropogenic underwater noise is a global pollutant of increasing concern and its effect on marine organisms is largely unknown. Importantly, direct assessments of fitness consequences are lacking especially in fish. The effect of noise pattern with continuous or intermittent noise are poorly understood and the few existing studies investigating the effect highlight contradictory responses in fish. Working in aquaria, we experimentally tested the impact of broadband noise exposure (similar frequency range as anthropogenic boat noise; added either continuously or intermittently) on the behaviour and reproductive success, assessed by the number of obtained eggs, of the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps), a vocal fish with exclusive paternal care.  The continuous noise treatment had the most detrimental effect by reducing spawning probability and females took longer to spawn under continuous noise. Males exposed to continuous noise got significantly fewer egg clutches (4 compared to 11 and 15 in the intermittent noise and silence treatments).  Clutch area did not differ among treatments but clutches in the intermittent and continuous noise treatment had significantly more eggs per cm2. In addition, eggs in the control tanks hatched earlier than in the intermittent and noisy treatments. Larvae reared in continuous noise treatment were larger and had a smaller yolk-sac at hatching than larvae in the intermittent noise treatment and the control. Taken together, we show that noise, particularly a continuous noise exposure, negatively affects reproductive success and early life survival in fish larvae.
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5.
  • Darányi, Sándor, 1951-, et al. (författare)
  • A Potential Surface Underlying Meaning?
  • 2015
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Machine learning algorithms utilizing gradient descent to identify concepts or more general learnables hint at a so-far ignored possibility, namely that local and global minima represent any vocabulary as a landscape against which evaluation of the results can take place. A simple example to illustrate this idea would be a potential surface underlying gravitation. However, to construct a gravitation-based representation of, e.g., word meaning, only the distance between localized items is a given in the vector space, whereas the equivalents of mass or charge are unknown in semantics. Clearly, the working hypothesis that physical fields could be a useful metaphor to study word and sentence meaning is an option but our current representations are incomplete in this respect.For a starter, consider that an RBF kernel has the capacity to generate a potential surface and hence create the impression of gravity, providing one with distance-based decay of interaction strength, plus a scalar scaling factor for the interaction, but of course no term masses. We are working on an experiment design to change that. Therefore, with certain mechanisms in neural networks that could host such quasi-physical fields, a novel approach to the modeling of mind content seems plausible, subject to scrutiny.Work in progress in another direction of the same idea indicates that by using certain algorithms, already emerged vs. still emerging content is clearly distinguishable, in line with Aristotle’s Metaphysics. The implications are that a model completed by “term mass” or “term charge” would enable the computation of the specific work equivalent of sentences or documents, and that via replacing semantics by other modalities, vector fields of more general symbolic content could exist as well. Also, the perceived hypersurface generated by the dynamics of language use may be a step toward more advanced models, for example addressing the Hamiltonian of expanding semantic systems, or the relationship between reaction paths in quantum chemistry vs. sentence construction by gradient descent.
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6.
  • Kvarnemo, Charlotta, et al. (författare)
  • Fish ART & sperm performance
  • 2023
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In species with alternative reproductive tactics (ART), parasitically spawning males have larger testes and greater sperm numbers as an evolved response to a higher degree of sperm competition. But do they also have higher sperm performance? We used sand gobies to test if it differs between breeding-coloured and sneaker-morph males. We compared sperm motility, velocity, longevity, morphometrics and gene expression of testes between the two morphs. We found 109 transcripts differentially expressed between the morphs. Notably, several mucin genes were upregulated in breeding-coloured males and two ATP-related genes were upregulated in sneaker-morph males. There was partial evidence of higher sperm velocity in sneaker-morph males, but no difference in sperm motility. Sand gobies have remarkably long-lived sperm, with almost no decline in motility and velocity over 22 hours, but again, this was equally true for both morphs. Sperm length did not differ between morphs and did not correlate with sperm velocity for either morph. Thus, other than a clear difference in testes gene expression, we found only modest differences between the two male morphs, confirming previous findings that increased sperm performance as an adaptation to sperm competition does not appear to be a primary target of evolution.
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7.
  • Svensson, Ola, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Behavioural and genomic analyses of locally adapted sand goby populations over a steep salinity gradient
  • 2023
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Studies of colonization of new habitats appearing from rapidly changing environments increase our understanding of populations’ potential to cope with environmental changes. Here, we analyse behavioural, phenotypic and genetic variation involved in the successful establishment of the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus, over a steep salinity drop from 35 PSU in the North Sea (NE Atlantic) to two PSU in the inner parts of the post-glacial Baltic Sea. We show e.g. that populations are adapted to local salinity in a key reproductive trait, the proportion of motile sperm, which in itself may result in reproductive isolation caused by natural selection on immigrants. Genome variation shows strong differentiation among populations along the gradient. Sand gobies in the current Baltic Sea lineage is adapted to the low salinity in traits related to osmoregulation and reproduction, but also to both abiotic and biotic environmental factors correlated to salinity evident in traits such as vision and immune function. The salinity-biotic factors correlation is omnipresent in behavioral studies. Many loci also appear to be involved in these traits, but the specific functional mechanism (e.g., coding sequence, regulatory loci) remains to be clarified. We conclude that the first steps on the speciation continuum trajectory have been taken.
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8.
  • Svensson, Ola, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Post-glacial establishment of locally adapted sand goby populations over a steep salinity gradient
  • 2023
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Studies of colonization of new habitats that appear from rapidly changing environments are interesting and highly relevant to our understanding of divergence and speciation. Here, we analyse phenotypic and genetic variation involved in the successful establishment of a marine fish (sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus) over a steep salinity drop from 35 PSU in the North Sea (NE Atlantic) to two PSU in the inner parts of the post-glacial Baltic Sea. We first show that populations are adapted to local salinity in a key reproductive trait, the proportion of motile sperm, which in itself may result in reproductive isolation caused by natural selection on immigrants. Thereafter, we show that genome variation at 22,190 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shows strong differentiation among populations along the gradient. Sequences containing outlier SNPs and transcriptome sequences, mapped to a draft genome, reveal associations with genes with relevant functions for adaptation in this environment.
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9.
  • Svensson, Ola, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Sand goby females do not spawn with silent males - but do males sing out their condition and can female hear the song in a noisy environment?
  • 2022
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Males of sand gobies (Pomatoschistus spp.) spawn in shallow water and produce a courtship sound to entice females to spawn. Previous work on field-caught males shows that courtship sounds differ between males of different body condition and between species suggesting that females use acoustic information in mate choice. Here, we manipulated male body condition via feeding regimes and measured courtship and subsequent spawning decisions. Although male condition measured as lipid content differed significantly between feeding regimes, neither male visual courtship, acoustic courtship nor spawning success were affected. However, comparing the lipid content of the experimental males to field-caught males show that in nature, males are of similar condition to males in the low condition treatment group. Acoustic signals might be masked by anthropogenic noise. Thus, to test if noise may affect spawning success we exposed courting males to experimental noise, resembling boat noise. We found that females only spawned with males that produced courtship sounds and significantly less often when exposed to noise. We conclude that the information content of male courtship sound and how it relates to male condition remains elusive, but that acoustic courtship is essential for mating success, making sand gobies potentially vulnerable to noise pollution. These results will be discussed in the light of preliminary data from a field experiment using the same noise set-up where male mating success was unaffected by treatment, and a pond experiment where variation in male mating success was affected by low levels of playback noise.
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10.
  • Wilhelmsson, Kenneth (författare)
  • Automatic Question Generation from Swedish Documents as a Tool for Information Extraction
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics NODALIDA 2011. ; , s. 323-326
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An implementation of automatic question generation (QG) from raw Swedish text is presented. QG is here chosen as an alternative to natural query systems where any query can be posed and no indication is given of whether the current text database includes the information sought for. The program builds on parsing with grammatical functions from which corresponding questions are generated and it incorporates the article database of Swedish Wikipedia. The pilot system is meant to work with a text shown in the GUI and auto-completes user input to help find available questions. The act of question generation is here described together with early test results regarding the current produced questions.
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