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Sökning: WAKA:ref > Göteborgs universitet > Örebro universitet

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1.
  • Aarskog, Eirik, et al. (författare)
  • What were you thinking? A methodological approach for exploring decision-making and learning in physical education
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 24:8, s. 828-840
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The broad purpose of this paper is to consider the relationship betweendecision-making and learning. Specifically, our aim is to propose amethodology that provides a theoretical framing along with proceduresfor investigating this relationship in Physical Education (PE). By utilizingselected parts of John Dewey’s educational theories, the paper presentsa theoretical exposition of decision-making as an individual processcontaining both ‘practical’ and ‘cognitive’ aspects. By combining thistheoretical conceptualization with a description of concrete researchmethods, the paper proposes a methodological approach enablingresearchers to get empirically closer to the phenomenon of individualdecision-making within PE learning. We argue that by doing so,researchers in the field of PE can study certain aspects of learning notexplicitly emphasized within existing methodological approaches.
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2.
  • Abdurahman, Samir, 1965-, et al. (författare)
  • Activity of the small modified amino acid alpha-hydroxy glycineamide on in vitro and in vivo human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid assembly and infectivity
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 52:10, s. 3737-3744
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Upon maturation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virion, proteolytic cleavage of the Gag precursor protein by the viral protease is followed by morphological changes of the capsid protein p24, which will ultimately transform the virus core from an immature spherical to a mature conical structure. Virion infectivity is critically dependent on the optimal semistability of the capsid cone structure. We have reported earlier that glycineamide (G-NH(2)), when added to the culture medium of infected cells, inhibits HIV-1 replication and that HIV-1 particles with aberrant core structures were formed. Here we show that it is not G-NH(2) itself but a metabolite thereof, alpha-hydroxy-glycineamide (alpha-HGA), that is responsible for the antiviral activity. We show that alpha-HGA inhibits the replication of clinical HIV-1 isolates with acquired resistance to reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors but has no effect on the replication of any of 10 different RNA and DNA viruses. alpha-HGA affected the ability of the HIV-1 capsid protein to assemble into tubular or core structures in vitro and in vivo, probably by binding to the hinge region between the N- and C-terminal domains of the HIV-1 capsid protein as indicated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry results. As an antiviral compound, alpha-HGA has an unusually simple structure, a pronounced antiviral specificity, and a novel mechanism of antiviral action. As such, it might prove to be a lead compound for a new class of anti-HIV substances.
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3.
  • Abuhasanein, Suleiman, et al. (författare)
  • Do not throw out the baby with the bath water
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 56:3, s. 235-236
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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4.
  • Abuhasanein, Suleiman, et al. (författare)
  • Standardized care pathways for patients with suspected urinary bladder cancer: the Swedish experience
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 56:3, s. 227-232
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives To compare time intervals to diagnosis and treatment, tumor characteristics, and management in patients with primary urinary bladder cancer, diagnosed before and after the implementation of a standardized care pathway (SCP) in Sweden. Materials and methods Data from the Swedish National Register of Urinary Bladder Cancer was studied before (2011-2015) and after (2016-2019) SCP. Data about time from referral to transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), patients and tumor characteristics, and management were analyzed. Subgroup analyses were performed for cT1 and cT2-4 tumors. Results Out of 26,795 patients, median time to TURBT decreased from 37 to 27 days after the implementation of SCP. While the proportion of cT2-T4 tumors decreased slightly (22-21%, p < 0.001), this change was not stable over time and the proportions cN + and cM1 remained unchanged. In the subgroups with cT1 and cT2-4 tumors, the median time to TURBT decreased and the proportions of patients discussed at a multidisciplinary team conference (MDTC) increased after SCP. In neither of these subgroups was a change in the proportions of cN + and cM1 observed, while treatment according to guidelines increased after SCP in the cT1 group. Conclusion After the implementation of SCP, time from referral to TURBT decreased and the proportion of patients discussed at MDTC increased, although not at the levels recommended by guidelines. Thus, our findings point to the need for measures to increase adherence to SCP recommendations and to guidelines.
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5.
  • Adolfsson, Annsofie, 1960-, et al. (författare)
  • Miscarriage : Evidence Based Information for the Web and Its Development Procedure
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Advances in Sexual Medicine. - Irvine, USA : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2164-5191 .- 2164-5205. ; 5:4, s. 89-110
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the process of developing web information on miscarriage based on scientific evidence, for women and couples in Sweden experiencing miscarriage. Method: A participatory design was used which included researchers, professional  xperts and users. A participatory design was used involving researchers, professional experts and users. The information was developed in six stages: 1) identifying the needs of information; 2) identifying and constructing the main areas of information and its paths; 3) identifying and inviting experts for revision; 4) developing the text; 5) reviewing the text; 6) design and structuring for adaption to website. Results: The text of information developed gradually based on the seven steps. The final text comprised three parts: 1) what is miscarriage; 2) experiences of miscarriage; 3) processing and lanning for new pregnancy. Conclusion: Using participatory design was time and resource consuming, however it was functional for producing appropriate information for the target group. The developed evidence based facts text is assumed to be a complement to the information that is provided by the health care system.
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6.
  • Adolfsson, Peter, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Accuracy and reliability of continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 1 diabetes during recreational diving
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1557-8593 .- 1520-9156. ; 11:8, s. 493-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the accuracy and function of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS, Minneapolis, MN) during recreational scuba diving in individuals with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: Twenty-four adults, 12 with type 1 diabetes and 12 healthy controls, were studied during five recreational scuba dives performed on three consecutive days. All the participants used the CGMS on all the days and during all the dives. Comparisons were made between plasma glucose at specific time intervals and the CGMS. RESULTS: The recording by the CGMS was robust, with few sensor problems. The mean sensor survival time was >48 h. Eighty-five percent of the individuals used one sensor during the entire length of the trial. The overall mean absolute difference (MAD) within the group with diabetes was 14.4 +/- 6%, and the corresponding daily figures were 23.2 +/- 19.3% on day 1, 11.6 +/- 4.5% on day 2, and 11.2 +/- 5.7% on day 3. A significant improvement regarding MAD when day 1 was compared with day 2 and 3 (P < 0.05). With a limit set at 70 mg/dL, hypoglycemia pre- and post-dive was detected with a positive predictive value of 0.39, negative predictive value of 0.98, sensitivity of 0.64, and specificity of 0.94. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that the CGMS was used with accuracy in such difficult conditions as scuba diving and provided robust information on glucose variations.
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7.
  • Adolfsson, Peter, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Continuous Glucose Monitoring-A Study of the Enlite Sensor During Hypo- and Hyperbaric Conditions
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. - New Rochelle, USA : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1520-9156 .- 1557-8593. ; 14:6, s. 527-532
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The performance and accuracy of the Enlite (TM) (Medtronic, Inc., Northridge, CA) sensor may be affected by microbubble formation at the electrode surface during hypo- and hyperbaric conditions. The effects of acute pressure changes and of prewetting of sensors were investigated. Materials and Methods: On Day 1, 24 sensors were inserted on the right side of the abdomen and back in one healthy individual; 12 were prewetted with saline solution, and 12 were inserted dry. On Day 2, this procedure was repeated on the left side. All sensors were attached to an iPro continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) recorder. Hypobaric and hyperbaric tests were conducted in a pressure chamber, with each test lasting 105 min. Plasma glucose values were obtained at 5-min intervals with a HemoCue (R) (Angelholm, Sweden) model 201 glucose analyzer for comparison with sensor glucose values. Results: Ninety percent of the CGM systems operated during the tests. The mean absolute relative difference was lower during hyperbaric than hypobaric conditions (6.7% vs. 14.9%, P<0.001). Sensor sensitivity was slightly decreased (P<0.05) during hypobaric but not during hyperbaric conditions. Clarke Error Grid Analysis showed that 100% of the values were found in the A+B region. No differences were found between prewetted and dry sensors. Conclusions: The Enlite sensor performed adequately during acute pressure changes and was more accurate during hyperbaric than hypobaric conditions. Prewetting the sensors did not improve accuracy. Further studies on type 1 diabetes subjects are needed under various pressure conditions.
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8.
  • Adolfsson, Peter, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of glucose control when a new strategy of increased carbohydrate supply is implemented during prolonged physical exercise in type 1 diabetes
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - New York, USA : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 115:12, s. 2599-2607
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: In healthy individuals, high carbohydrate intake is recommended during prolonged exercise for maximum performance. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), this would alter the insulin requirements. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of high glucose supplementation during prolonged exercise and the glucose control when a novel strategy of increased carbohydrate supply was implemented during prolonged exercise in T1D.Methods: Eight subjects with T1D participated in a sports camp including sessions of prolonged exercise and individualized feedback during three consecutive days. This was later followed by a 90 km cross-country skiing race. Large amounts of carbohydrates, 75 g/h, were supplied during exercise and the insulin requirements were registered. Glucose was measured before, during and after exercise aiming at euglycaemia, 4-8 mmol/L (72-144 mg/dL). During the race, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used as an aspect of safety and to allow direct and individual adjustments.Results: Compared to ordinary carbohydrate supply during exercise, the high carbohydrate supplementation resulted in significantly increased insulin doses to maintain euglycaemia. During the cross-country skiing race, the participants succeeded to reach mean target glucose levels; 6.5 ± 1.9 mmol/L (117 ± 34 mg/dL) and 5.7 ± 1.5 mmol/L (103 ± 27 mg/dL) at the start and finish of the race, respectively. Episodes of documented hypoglycemia (<4 mmol/L/72 mg/dL) were rare. CGM was used for adjustments.Conclusion: In this study, large carbohydrate supplementation in T1D individuals during prolonged aerobic exercise is safe and allows the subjects to maintain glycaemic control and indicates the feasibility of CGM under these conditions.
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9.
  • Adolfsson, Peter, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • In-vitro performance of the Enlite sensor in various glucose concentrations during hypobaric and hyperbaric conditions
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. - Thousand Oaks, USA : Sage Publications. - 1932-2968. ; 6:6, s. 1375-1382
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: There is a need for reliable methods of glucose measurement in different environmental conditions. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the performance of the Enlite® Sensor when connected to either the iPro™ Continuous Glucose Monitor recording device or the Guardian® REAL-Time transmitting device, in hypobaric and hyperbaric conditions.Methods: Sixteen sensors connected to eight iPro devices and eight Guardian REAL-Time devices were immersed in three beakers containing separate glucose concentrations: 52, 88, and 207 mg/dl (2.9, 4.9, and 11.3 mmol/liter). Two different pressure tests were conducted: a hypobaric test, corresponding to maximum 18000 ft/5500 m height, and a hyperbaric test, corresponding to maximum 100 ft/30 m depth. The linearity of the sensor signals in the different conditions was evaluated.Results: The sensors worked continuously, and the sensor signals were collected without interruption at all pressures tested. When comparing the input signals for glucose (ISIGs) and the different glucose concentrations during altered pressure, linearity (R(2)) of 0.98 was found. During the hypobaric test, significant differences (p < .005) were seen when comparing the ISIGs during varying pressure at two of the glucose concentrations (52 and 207 mg/dl), whereas no difference was seen at the 88 mg/dl glucose concentration. During the hyperbaric test, no differences were found.Conclusions: The Enlite Sensors connected to either the iPro or the Guardian REAL-Time device provided values continuously. In hyperbaric conditions, no significant differences were seen during changes in ambient pressure; however, during hypobaric conditions, the ISIG was significantly different in the low and high glucose concentrations.
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10.
  • Adolfsson, Peter, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • The benefits of continuous glucose monitoring and a glucose monitoring schedule in individuals with type 1 diabetes during recreational diving
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. - : Diabetes Technology Society. - 1932-2968. ; 2:5, s. 778-784
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Our objective is to evaluate the Medtronic CGMS continuous glucose monitoring system and plasma glucose (PG) measurement performed in a monitoring schedule as tools to identify individuals with type 1 diabetes at risk when diving.METHODS: We studied 24 adults, 12 type 1 diabetes subjects and 12 controls, during 5 recreational scuba dives performed on 3 consecutive days. The CGMS was used by all participants on all the days and all the dives. Comparisons were made between PG performed in a monitoring schedule during the days of diving, self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) performed 2 weeks prior to diving, and the CGMS during the study.RESULTS: One hundred seventeen dives were performed. Hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dl) was found in six individuals and on nine occasions. However, no symptoms of hypoglycemia were present during or immediately postdiving. In one case, repetitive hypoglycemia prediving gave rise to a decision not to dive. None of the dives were aborted. The number of hypoglycemic episodes, 10 min prediving or immediately postdiving, were related to the duration of diabetes, r = 0.83 and p =0.01, and the percentage of SMBG values below target (<72 mg/dl), r = 0.65 and p =0.02. Moreover, the number of hypoglycemic episodes was also related to the total duration below low limit (<70 mg/dl), measured by the CGMS, r =0.74 and p =0.006.CONCLUSION: Safe dives are possible to achieve by well-informed, well-controlled individuals with type 1 diabetes. Using downloaded SMBG, CGMS, and repetitive PG in a monitoring schedule, it is possible to identify those subjects who are suitable for diving.
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