| 1. |
- Björkström, Gun, et al.
(författare)
-
Electro-acupuncture in the treatment of children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 34:1, s. 21-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a long series of electro-acupuncture (EAP) sessions on bedwetting symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five children (age range 7-16 years) with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and treated earlier without success were included in the study. The median number of wet nights per week was 4.7 before treatment. Bedwetting, voided volume, sleep and nocturia were evaluated 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after 20 sessions of EAP lasting 8 weeks. RESULTS: All the children, with the exception of one, tolerated EAP treatment well. At the three follow-up sessions it was found that the number of dry nights had increased gradually from a median of 2.3 in the pre-test to 3.0, 4.3 and 5.0 per week, respectively. Compared to pre-treatment findings there were more dry nights in 65% of the children (p < 0.001) and 5 out of 23 children were responders (> 90% reduction of the numbers of wet nights) at the 6 months' follow-up. According to the parents, the sleep arousal threshold had decreased in about 50% of the children.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Jansson, Ulla-Britt, 1950, et al.
(författare)
-
Voiding pattern in healthy children 0 to 3 years old: a longitudinal study.
- 2000
-
Ingår i: The Journal of urology. - 0022-5347. ; 164:6, s. 2050-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: We describe the development of voiding patterns and bladder control in healthy children during the first 3 years of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We determined voiding patterns, bladder capacity and post-void residual urine volume per 4 hours individually and noninvasively every 3 months in 36 female and 23 male healthy infants using the 4-hour voiding observation. RESULTS: Voiding frequency decreased slowly from 5 to 2 voiding episodes per 4 hours from ages 3 months to 3 years. We noted interrupted voiding in 33% of subjects at age 3 months but this condition was rare after age 2 years. Voiding during sleep occurred mainly during the first 7 months of life and did not continue after age 18 months. Bladder capacity increased from a median of 52 to 67, 68 and 123 ml. during years 1 to 3, respectively. As measured by post-void residual urine volume, bladder emptying was unchanged during years 1 and 2 but it decreased during year 3 (median 6 versus 0 and mean 4 versus 3 ml. per 4 hours). CONCLUSIONS: During the first 3 years of life the number of voiding episodes, including interrupted voiding, post-void residual urine and voiding during sleep, decreased while bladder capacity increased.
|
|
| 4. |
- Sillén, Ulla, 1946, et al.
(författare)
-
The voiding pattern of healthy preterm neonates.
- 2000
-
Ingår i: The Journal of urology. - 0022-5347. ; 163:1, s. 278-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To elucidate further the maturation of voiding habits from gestation to infancy we investigated the free voiding pattern of healthy preterm neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 11 male and 8 female healthy preterm newborns at a mean of 32 weeks after cessation of menstrual flow (postmenstrual age). Assessment was done in the neonatal ward using 4-hour voiding observation, a method described previously in studies of free voiding pattern of full-term newborns. RESULTS: The voiding pattern of male and female preterm neonates was characterized by 1 void per hour and a mean voided volume of 53% of bladder capacity with 58% frequency of interrupted voiding. Residual urine was increased but varied during observation (mean 11% bladder capacity) and was 0 after at least 1 void during 4 hours in 14 of the 19 subjects. Two-thirds of all voiding occurred during sleep, whereas a third of the newborns showed signs of arousal with a mean awake time of only 17 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The voiding pattern of preterm versus full-term subjects is characterized by an increased number of interrupted voidings, further indicating that these voidings represent immature behavior of detrusor-sphincter coordination. Also, the high number of voidings during sleep suggest a more immature pattern for preterm newborns.
|
|
