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- Ahlström, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
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Disability and quality of life in individuals with postpolio syndrome.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 22:9, s. 416-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to investigate disability and quality of life in individuals with the characteristic symptoms of postpolio syndrome. METHOD: Disability is assessed by means of the self-report activities of daily living instrument, and quality of life by means of Kaasa's questionnaire and the quality of life profile. RESULTS: The 39 subjects have on average lived with polio sequelae for 52 years. Their main difficulties are with moving, lifting and carrying. This means restricted mobility, sedentary activities and a need to prioritize. Half of them feel that polio has lessened their possibilities in life, and a quarter have still not accepted the limitations polio has involved. Nevertheless the majority report a high level of psychosocial well-being, and almost a quarter say that living with polio has meant personal development and strength. We found a significant correlation between on the one hand disability with regard to ambulation, arm strength and finger strength on the self-report ADL, and on the other hand the number of negative problems on the quality of life profile (0.33-0.45). CONCLUSION: The latter instrument needs further testing before its validity can be determined with certainty.
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- Allwood, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperation, dialogue and ethics
- 2000
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Ingår i: International journal of human-computer studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 1071-5819 .- 1095-9300. ; 53:6, s. 871-914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes some of the basic cooperative mechanisms of dialogue. Ideal cooperation is seen as consisting of four features (cognitive consideration, joint purpose, ethical consideration and trust), which can also to some extent be seen as requirements building on each other. Weaker concepts such as ‘coordination’ and ‘collaboration’ have only some of these features or have them to lesser degrees. We point out the central role of ethics and trust in cooperation, and contrast the result with popular AI accounts of collaboration. Dialogue is also seen as associated with social activities, in which certain obligations and rights are connected with particular roles. Dialogue is seen to progress through the written, vocal or gestural contributions made by participants. Each of the contributions has associated with it both expressive and evocative functions, as well as specific obligations for participants. These functions are dependent on the surface form of a contribution, the activity and the local context, for their interpretation. We illustrate the perspective by analyzing dialogue extracts from three different activity types (a travel dialogue, a quarrel and a dialogue with a computer system). Finally, we consider what kind of information is shared in dialogue, and the ways in which dialogue participants manifest this sharing to each other through linguistic and other communicative behaviour. The paper concludes with a comparison to other accounts of dialogue and prospects for integration of these ideas within dialogue systems.
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- Anderberg, Elsie
(författare)
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Word meaning and conceptions : An empirical study of relationships between students' thinking and use of language when reasoning about a problem
- 2000
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Ingår i: Instructional science. - 0020-4277 .- 1573-1952. ; 28:2, s. 89-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In considering students' thinking, thephenomenographic tradition has paid considerableattention to conceptions of various phenomena withinthe context of learning. However, this research hasnot explicitly examined the relation betweenwords used and their meaning in the processes of understanding and learning. The present study concernsthe character of the relationships between verbalexpressions and thoughts about phenomena referred to.In order to understand these relationships more fully,an empirical study was carried out. Twenty-sevenstudents from two institutes of higher education, acollege of health science and a college of education,participated. Qualitative interviews were used to bothstimulate students' thinking about the conceptionsthey expressed of a particular problem and to documenttheir thinking. Contextual analysis was used toexamine this data. The results of the analysis arepresented in three related descriptive categories. Thecategories represent three different aspects ofrelationships between words used and thoughts aboutphenomena referred to and three different developmentsof these relationships. Finally, conclusions are drawnand are discussed in relation to research onunderstanding and learning and two major traditions inthe philosophy of language.
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- Axelsson, Åsa B., 1955, et al.
(författare)
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How bystanders perceive their cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention : a qualitative study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 47:1, s. 71-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior to arrival of the emergency medical service is well documented. In Sweden, CPR is initiated prior to emergency medical services (EMS) arrival in about 30% of cardiac arrests out-of-hospital, a figure which should be improved urgently. To do so, it is of interest to know more about the bystanders' perceptions of their intervention. A qualitative method inspired by the phenomenographic approach was applied to 19 bystanders who had performed CPR. In the analysis, five main categories and 14 subcategories emerged. The main categories were: to have a sense of humanity, to have competence, to feel an obligation, to have courage and to feel exposed. Interviews described how humanity and concern for another human being were the foundation of their intervention. CPR training offers the possibility to give appropriate help in this emergency. If the aim of CPR training was extended beyond teaching the skill of CPR to include preparation of the rescuer for the intervention and his/her reactions, this might increase the number of people able to take action in the cardiac arrest situation.
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