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- Alho, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Tunteiden luonne ja autenttisuus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psykologia. - : Suomen psykologinen seura. - 0355-1067. ; 51:1, s. 75-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Belinskij, Antti, et al.
(författare)
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Bringing Back Environmental Flows – The case of migratory fish and the lack of legal adaptivity in Finnish rivers.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Finnish Yearbook of International Law. - 0786-6453. ; X, s. 89-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considering significant normative inputs stemming especially from the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), the article discusses possible legal avenues for restoring ecological flows in the built Finnish rivers. We argue that the current obligations stemming from the Finnish Water Law – and their interpretation in relation to migratory fish – are outdated and even legally problematic. Overall, neither the Finnish legislature, nor the Finnish water administration have reacted quickly enough to the changes in circumstances caused by the development of EU law, the declining importance of hydropower for the Finnish energy policy, and the current knowledge of the ecological importance of migratory fish species for the river ecosystems. Despite this, we argue that the Finnish Water Law already contains some tools for reviewing fisheries regulations in existing water permits, but also legislative changes are required to implement and to enforce the obligations stemming from the WFD.
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| 3. |
- Belinskij, Antti, et al.
(författare)
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Legal Resilience of Water, Food and Energy Security in Finland
- 2017
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Ingår i: Finnish Yearbook of Environmental Policy and Law. - 0786-6453. ; X, s. 275-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we analyse the extent to which the Finnish legal system supports the resilience of water, food- and energy security systems, and how the identified legal frameworks could be developed to better address the security concerns of these three sectors. Our analysis of regulatory resilience demonstrates that the Finnish security regulation functions reasonably well. First, the legal system recognises the main threats to water, food and energy security. Second, the regulatory system contains wide-ranging and integrated regulation of responses to various types of emergencies. Third, the times-scales from emergency response to long-term planning are addressed in law, although the heaviest regulatory focus is on the shorter time-span. There is an increasing number of legal instruments geared towards the long-term preparation and adaptation to security threats. Although the existing regulatory framework addresses important elements of resilience, some challenges remain.
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| 10. |
- Hakulinen, Auli, et al.
(författare)
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Suomen ja viron kyl(lä)/küll ja kieltolausen sanajärjestys. [Finnish and Estonian kyl(lä)/küll and the word order of negative clauses.]
- 2016
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Ingår i: Lähivôrdlusi. Lähivertailuja. - : Estonian Association for Applied Linguistics. - 1736-9290 .- 2228-3854. ; 26, s. 84-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper looks comparatively at the Finnish kyl(lä) and Estonian küll, which function as an epistemic adverb and a particle in both languages, and have a common origin in the noun ‘abundance’. Even though the word is mostly used to formulate positive answers, it also occurs in negative utterances. This is the focus of the current paper, which at the same time touches on the complex area of word order. Even though both languages feature more or less free pragmatic word order, the patterns for negative utterances which contain both the negation word ei and kyl(lä)/küll are varied, especially regarding the placement of adverbs and particles. On the basis of conversational data the study establishes four patterns for Finnish((X+)ei,en+X+kyl(lä);ei+X+kyllä#;ei+V+kyl(lä)+Y;X+ei+ kyl(lä) +Y, where X denotes one or several noun phrases and Y an adverbial) and three patterns for Estonian (X + ei + V (+X) + küll + other; ei + V + küll# (+ other); X/Y + küll + ei + V + other), where only the last one is frequent. Accordingly, Finnish reveals more flexibility in word order and negation-initial patterns, while in Estonian ei regularly follows küll, which is impossible in Finnish. The negation word and the finite verb have to occur near each other in Estonian but not in Finnish.In order to analyze the interactional functions of these patterns, the conversation analytic method is used which makes it possible to reveal participants’ local understanding of each prior action. The study shows that there are two relatively small functional areas where the word order patterns coincide in Finnish and Estonian: in a concessive use ((X+) ei, en + V + kyl(lä)/küll), and when kyl(lä)/küll is used as an utterance-final epistemic marker. The latter pattern, however, is extremely rare in Estonian, and has developed a special implication of ‘as a matter of fact’ in Finnish. In other functions, the word order is different. In particular, in answers to polar questions the ordering of the negation word and kyl(lä) or küll is the opposite, with negation preceding kyl(lä) in Finnish and following küll in Estonian. While in Finnish the word kyl(lä) functions as an epistemic reassurance for the recipient, in Estonian the küll + ei pattern is typically used for building contrast with the prior and setting the initial element into focus. Regardless of the phonological and historical similarity, the syntactic patterns for this adverb/ particle are different, which may reflect more overarching differences in word order between the two languages – something that remains to be explored. At least when it comes to kyl(lä) and küll, Finnish word order is more flexible, while Estonian displays a distinct grammaticalized pattern. Accordingly, the function of the “same” epistemic word emerges in a more content-related manner in Finnish, where it expresses speaker certainty, and as more of a syntactic device in Estonian, where it marks another element in the clause as being contrasted. This illustrates the decisive role of interactional and syntactic context in (the development of) word meaning.
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