| 1. |
- Back, Pär-Erik, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Markmiljöns skyddsvärde – En härledning med utgångspunkt i miljöetik och lagstiftning
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid riskbedömning av förorenade områden ska riskerna som föroreningen utgör bedömas för olika skyddsobjekt, främst människor, markmiljö, grund- och ytvatten. I fördjupade riskbedömningar kan det även vara aktuellt att bestämma lämpliga skyddsnivåer för skyddsobjekten. Till vilken nivå vi väljer att skydda ett objekt beror i hög grad på objektets skyddsvärde. Vad detta skyddsvärde består av och hur stort det anses vara beror i sin tur på vem det är som gör värderingen och vilket miljöetiskt synsätt som tillämpas. När skyddsobjektet markmiljö ska värderas uppstår ofta många frågor och oenigheten mellan olika aktörer kan ibland vara stor.Syftet med publikationen är att tydliggöra vad som avses med begreppet markmiljöns skyddsvärde och beskriva vad det består av. Olika miljöetiska synsätt kan leda till att vår markmiljö värderas olika högt beroende på vem som utför värderingen. I syfte att skapa en gemensam grund för denna typ av värderingar har vi här valt att utgå från den miljöetik som ligger till grund för vår miljölagstiftning. Målet med publikationen är att presentera en härledning av markmiljöns skyddsvärde och ge en grund för hur man kan resonera kring flera av de besvärliga frågor som ställs beträffande skyddet av markmiljön.Rapporten innehåller också en allmän diskussion av skyddsvärdet men beskriver inte konkret hur markmiljön bör värderas vid ett enskilt objekt. Publikationen är med andra ord ingen vägledning i den bemärkelsen att den är direkt tillämpbar för värdering i verkliga projekt. Vår förhoppning är istället att publikationen kommer att utgöra en viktig grund för arbetet med att ta fram framtida vägledningsmaterial för ekologisk riskbedömning samt riskvärdering.
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| 2. |
- Brænne, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic changes in immune gene co-expression networks predict development of type 1 diabetes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significant progress has been made in elucidating genetic risk factors influencing Type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, features other than genetic variants that initiate and/or accelerate islet autoimmunity that lead to the development of clinical T1D remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that genetic and environmental risk factors can both contribute to T1D through dynamic alterations of molecular interactions in physiologic networks. To test this hypothesis, we utilized longitudinal blood transcriptomic profiles in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study to generate gene co-expression networks. In network modules that contain immune response genes associated with T1D, we observed highly dynamic differences in module connectivity in the 600 days (~ 2 years) preceding clinical diagnosis of T1D. Our results suggest that gene co-expression is highly plastic and that connectivity differences in T1D-associated immune system genes influence the timing and development of clinical disease.
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| 3. |
- Hartman Söderberg, Ingrid
(författare)
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"Vidunder till qvinnor" : Sju systrar som pionjärer i yrkesliv och offentlighet 1860-1935
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The second half of the 19th century saw the Swedish agrarian society transforming into an industrial society, a development which brought with it major social change including an incipient emancipation of woman. The unmarried woman obtained a number of new rights legally, politically and financially. New educational opportunities came within reach and she was given access to an independent professional life.This group biography depicts the life stories of seven sisters. They grew up in a society in which woman's given role was that of the mistress of the house. Their father, Jonas Andersson of Häckenäs Estate, was a liberal member of Parliament and a representative of the Swedish peasant estate and he fought for woman's right to authority, education and access to new vocational spheres. The strategies he advocated provided a way out for the woman into the public sphere, a path which all the seven sisters were to turn into. Also their mother supported and encouraged them in their life choices. The sisters chose different careers and educational paths, whereby they stepped out into the public sphere in many cases as pioneers - as elementary school teachers, telegraph operator, photographer and physiotherapist. Some of them enjoyed permanent appointments whereas others were self-employed. The seven sisters remained autonomous professional women. None of them married.Using an extended politics and public sphere concept, which includes women's activities within popular movements and societies, it is argued that some of the sisters also appeared in other public arenas by participating in social debate and contributing to social change. Particularly two of the sisters have been studied in this respect. As an active politician after women had been given their full political rights, the younger of the two had the opportunity to put into practice her visions of a better society. She was the one who most clearly made visible their ideological heritage from home.As the "daughters of liberalism", the seven sisters managed to convert the social and cultural capital that they brought with them from childhood. They stepped out into the various arenas of the public sphere and chose a way of life so different from that of previous generations of women. They viewed themselves as "marvellous women" as they did not fulfil what long had been regarded as woman's "true destiny". Instead, they helped to create a new female pattern of life.
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| 4. |
- Jacobson, Sofie, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) associates with sepsis-related in-hospital mortality in women
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Inflammation. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1476-9255. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) mediates the innate immune response either through direct opsonisation of microorganisms or through activation of the complement system. There are conflicting data whether MBL deficiency leads to increased susceptibility to infections or not. The aim of this study was to determine if low levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) predict sepsis development, sepsis severity and outcome from severe sepsis or septic shock.Method: Patients aged 18 years or more with documented sepsis within 24 h after admission to the intensive care unit were included if they had participated in a health survey and donated blood samples prior to the sepsis event. A subset of these patients had stored plasma also from the acute phase. Two matched referents free of known sepsis were selected for each case. Plasma levels MBL were determined in stored samples from health surveys (baseline) and from ICU admission (acute phase). The association between MBL and sepsis, sepsis severity and in-hospital mortality were determined with 1300 ng/mL as cut-off for low levels.Results: We identified 148 patients (61.5% women) with a first-time sepsis event 6.5 years (median with IQR 7.7) after participation in a health survey, of which 122 also had samples from the acute septic phase. Both high MBL levels in the acute phase (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) (2.84 [1.20-6.26]), and an increase in MBL levels from baseline to the acute phase (3.76 [1.21-11.72]) were associated with increased risk for in-hospital death in women, but not in men (0.47 [0.11-2.06]). Baseline MBL levels did not predict future sepsis, sepsis severity or in-hospital mortality.Conclusions: An increase from baseline to the acute phase as well as high levels in the acute phase associated with an unfavourable outcome in women.
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| 5. |
- Jacobson, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) predicts sepsis and associates with sepsis-related in-hospital mortality differentially in men and women
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: To determine if levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) predict sepsis development and if intra-individual changes in circulating levels from baseline to the acute septic phase associate with in-hospital mortality.Method: A nested case-referent study within the framework of the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS) and the Northern Sweden Maternity Cohort (NSMC). Patients aged 18 years or more with documented sepsis within 24 hours after admission to the intensive care unit were included if they had participated in a health survey and donated blood samples prior to the sepsis event. A subset of these patients had stored plasma also from the acute phase. Two matched referents free of known sepsis were selected for each case. Baseline and acute phase plasma MBL levels were determined. The association between MBL and sepsis, sepsis severity and in-hospital mortality were determined.Results: We identified 57 men and 95 women with a first-time sepsis event 6.5 years (median with IQR 7.7) after participation in a health survey, of which 127 also had samples from the acute septic phase. High baseline levels predicted future sepsis (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.01-3.26), but were not associated with severity of sepsis or in-hospital fatality. Both high MBL levels in the acute phase (OR 4.94, 95% CI 1.44-16.89), and an increase from base line to the acute phase (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.19-11.28) were associated with increased risk for in-hospital death in women, but not in men (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.18-2.88). Low levels at baseline were not associated with future sepsis. Neither low levels at baseline, nor in the acute phase were associated with sepsis severity or in-hospital mortality.Conclusions: High pre-sepsis levels predicted a future sepsis event, and an increase from baseline to the acute phase as well as high levels in the acute phase associated with an unfavourable outcome in women.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Ameliorating Child poverty through Connecting Economic Services with child health Services (ACCESS) : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the healthier wealthier families model in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSweden is often held up as an example of a country with low child deprivation; yet, rates of relative deprivation are rising. Every municipality in Sweden is required to provide free, timely and accessible budget and debt counselling under the Social Services Act. The services have been encouraged to perform preventative practice with families; however, this has not been realised. The Healthier Wealthier Families (HWF) model embeds universal screening for economic hardship into child health services and creates a referral pathway to economic support services. Given the universal child health system in Sweden, which is freely available and has excellent coverage of the child population, implementation of the HWF model has potential to support families to access the freely available municipal budget and debt counselling and ultimately improve rates of child deprivation in Sweden.Methods/designWe will conduct a two-arm randomised waitlist-control superiority trial to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the HWF model in the Sweden. A longitudinal follow-up with the cohort will explore whether any effects are maintained in the longer-term.DiscussionHWF is a collaborative and sustainable model that could maximise the effectiveness of current services to address child deprivation in Sweden. The study outlined in this protocol is the first effectiveness evaluation of the HWF model in Sweden and is a crucial step before HWF can be recommended for national implementation within the child health services.
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| 7. |
- Johnson, Randi K., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolite-related dietary patterns and the development of islet autoimmunity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of diet in type 1 diabetes development is poorly understood. Metabolites, which reflect dietary response, may help elucidate this role. We explored metabolomics and lipidomics differences between 352 cases of islet autoimmunity (IA) and controls in the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study. We created dietary patterns reflecting pre-IA metabolite differences between groups and examined their association with IA. Secondary outcomes included IA cases positive for multiple autoantibodies (mAb+). The association of 853 plasma metabolites with outcomes was tested at seroconversion to IA, just prior to seroconversion, and during infancy. Key compounds in enriched metabolite sets were used to create dietary patterns reflecting metabolite composition, which were then tested for association with outcomes in the nested case-control subset and the full TEDDY cohort. Unsaturated phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylethanolamines, glucosylceramides, and phospholipid ethers in infancy were inversely associated with mAb+ risk, while dicarboxylic acids were associated with an increased risk. An infancy dietary pattern representing higher levels of unsaturated phosphatidylcholines and phospholipid ethers, and lower sphingomyelins was protective for mAb+ in the nested case-control study only. Characterization of this high-risk infant metabolomics profile may help shape the future of early diagnosis or prevention efforts. © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 8. |
- Krischer, Jeffrey P, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting Islet Cell Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes : An 8-Year TEDDY Study Progress Report
- 2019
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 42:6, s. 1051-1060
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the predictive power of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY)-identified risk factors for islet autoimmunity (IA), the type of autoantibody appearing first, and type 1 diabetes (T1D).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 7,777 children were followed from birth to a median of 9.1 years of age for the development of islet autoantibodies and progression to T1D. Time-dependent sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to provide estimates of their individual and collective ability to predict IA and T1D.RESULTS: HLA genotype (DR3/4 vs. others) was the best predictor for IA (Youden's index J = 0.117) and single nucleotide polymorphism rs2476601, in PTPN22, was the best predictor for insulin autoantibodies (IAA) appearing first (IAA-first) (J = 0.123). For GAD autoantibodies (GADA)-first, weight at 1 year was the best predictor (J = 0.114). In a multivariate model, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.678 (95% CI 0.655, 0.701), 0.707 (95% CI 0.676, 0.739), and 0.686 (95% CI 0.651, 0.722) for IA, IAA-first, and GADA-first, respectively, at 6 years. The AUC of the prediction model for T1D at 3 years after the appearance of multiple autoantibodies reached 0.706 (95% CI 0.649, 0.762).CONCLUSIONS: Prediction modeling statistics are valuable tools, when applied in a time-until-event setting, to evaluate the ability of risk factors to discriminate between those who will and those who will not get disease. Although significantly associated with IA and T1D, the TEDDY risk factors individually contribute little to prediction. However, in combination, these factors increased IA and T1D prediction substantially.
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| 9. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
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| 10. |
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